为进一步促进北京市民学习健康知识、参与健康行动和改变不良生活方式,依据健康北京行动推进委员会《健康北京行动(2020-2030年)》的要求,通过对人群健康状况资料的收集汇总分析,向社会发布北京市居民健康状况的有关数据.2020年北京市常住人口为2 189.3万,居民的主要死亡原因仍为慢性非传染性疾病,前三位死因分别为心脏病、恶性肿瘤和脑血管病.2020年北京市共报告甲、乙、丙类传染病27种,报告发病110 327例.2020年北京市居民健康素养水平为36.4％,比2018年上升12.7％.2020年北京市户籍居民期望寿命为82.43岁,比2019年上升0.12岁.《北京市2020年度人群健康状况报告》相关数据较全面、详实、客观地反映了北京市居民年度健康水平和卫生事业发展情况.

为向北京市民普及健康知识、促进参与健康行动和改变不良生活方式,依据北京市委、市政府2009年发布的《健康北京人——全民健康促进十年行动规划(2009-2018年)》的要求,采用资料收集的方法汇总分析北京市卫生与人群健康状况,每年向社会发布全市居民健康和卫生事业发展的有关数据.2018年底北京市常住人口为2 154.2万人,比2017年降低0.76％.2018年北京市户籍居民的主要死亡原因仍为慢性非传染性疾病,前三位死因分别为心脏病、恶性肿瘤和脑血管病.2018年北京市户籍居民期望寿命为82.20岁,比2017年上升0.05岁.2018年北京市共报告甲、乙、丙类传染病25种,报告发病182 496例,比2017年增加49 908例.全年城市末梢水合格率为100％,较2017年(99.9％)略有上升.卫生与人群健康相关数据全面反映了北京市居民年度健康水平和卫生事业发展情况.

《北京市卫生与人群健康状况报告》(简称健康白皮书)是依据北京市委、市政府2009年发布的《健康北京人——全民健康促进十年行动规划(2009-2018年)》的要求,每年向社会发布全市居民健康状况有关数据,对普及健康知识、市民参与健康行动、改变不良生活方式,更好地贯彻落实《健康北京2030规划纲要》具有重要意义.2018年是健康白皮书公开发布的第9年,《2017年度卫生与人群健康状况报告》汇集了北京市卫生和计划生育委员会、教委、公安局、民政局、财政局、人力社保局、环保局、城市管理委、商务委、质监局、安全监管局、食品药品监管局、新闻出版广电局、体育局、统计局、园林绿化局、总工会、残联共计18个委办局提供的健康相关数据,主要内容包括人口基本情况、慢性非传染性疾病及相关危险因素、传染病发病情况、残疾人口和精神疾病情况、儿童青少年健康状况、医疗卫生服务情况、健康环境状况等,比较全面、详实、客观地反映了北京市居民年度健康水平和卫生事业发展情况.

《北京市卫生与人群健康状况报告》(简称健康白皮书)是依据北京市委、市政府2009年发布的《健康北京人一全民健康促进十年行动规划(2009-2018年)》的要求,每年向社会发布全市居民健康状况和相关影响因素的有关数据.今年是健康白皮书出版发行的第七年.健康白皮书是引导市民改变不良生活方式、普及健康知识、参与健康行动的一项重要举措,对于开展全民健康促进,建设健康城市具有重要意义.

目的 分析北京成年女性代谢综合征患病率.方法 利用2008年北京市成年人慢性病及相关行为危险因素监测数据,分析12 465例18～79岁女性资料信息.结果 北京市成年女性代谢综合征患病率为25.9 %,代谢综合征的患病风险随着年龄的增大而增大,在调整城乡、年龄、吸烟和过量饮酒后,绝经后女性患代谢综合征的风险是绝经前女性患病风险的1.3倍(95 %CI:1.1～1.5).结论 针对女性的代谢综合征干预项目应该考虑绝经的影响.

OBJECTIVE:To disclose the epidemiological status of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its related risk factors in adults in Beijing.METHODS:Logistic model was applied to analyze the relationship between the risk factors and type 2 diabetes mellitus.RESULTS:A total of 22 301 people were studied, of whom 9836 were males, 12 465 females, and 2658 of them aged over 60 (accounting for 11.92%). The risk factors, which might cause diabetes, would include being male (OR = 1.453), with genetic history (OR = 2.751), people older than 40 (OR = 1.584), with hypertension (OR = 1.338), with larger waist circumference (OR = 1.741), overweight or obesity (OR = 1.098), low consumption of fruits (OR = 1.430), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 1.767) and hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.315).CONCLUSION:It is of great importance to carry out prevention and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus programs to eliminate the risk factors among adults in Beijing, with contents as: keeping the blood pressure and weight within the normal range, increasing fruit intake, decreasing the triglyceride and cholesterol levels.

目的 建立以人群为基础的国家双生子登记系统,利用登记系统开展心脑血管疾病及其相关性状的遗传流行病学研究.方法 依靠卫生防疫三级保健网络进行双生子募集.结果 截至2008年底,中国双生子登记系统共登记双生子8 342对,并建立579对双生子队列.在登记系统的基础上,进行一系列具有全部自主知识产权的双生子人群流行病学研究工作,主要包括:卵性鉴定比较研究、双生子长期趋势及影响因素分析、心血管疾病相关中间表型研究、心理学研究以及双生子人群健康状况多维评价研究.结论 "双生子人群流行病学研究"充分利用我国双生子资源丰富的特点,探索适合我国国情的双生子登记方法,建立了可用于开展慢性病研究的双生子队列,并创建双生子生物标本库,为复杂疾病病因学研究提供基础和条件.中国双生子登记系统已成为医学和科学研究的一项重要的国际和国内资源.

2002年与2005年的调查结果均显示~([1-2]),北京地区高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等慢性非传染性疾病(以下简称慢病)已成为严重影响北京市居民健康的主要疾病,上升趋势没有得到遏制.为掌握北京市居民慢病的流行水平,笔者于2008年10-11月开展了北京市成年人慢病及其危险因素调查.

We investigated 683 children with nephrolithiasis and 6,498 children without nephrolithiasis aged <3 years. Nephrolithiasis was diagnosed by renal ultrasonography in hospitals in Beijing in September/October 2008. In addition, data was collected on current and past formula feeding and on other possible risk factors for nephrolithiasis. Daily intake of melamine per kilogram of body weight was calculated for each individual. In general, the adjusted odds ratios between melamine dose and nephrolithiasis increased with an increasing daily level of melamine intake per kilogram of body weight. The risk of nephrolithiasis also increased with the increasing duration of exposure. Preterm infants, urinary malformation, and parents with a history of urinary stones were independent risk factors. In children exposed to melamine levels <0.2 mg/kg per day, the adjusted odds ratio expressing the risk for nephrolithiasis was still 1.7 times higher than in those without melamine exposure. These findings suggest that the risk of melamine-induced nephrolithiasis in young children starts at a lower intake level than the levels recommended by the World Health Organization.

This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using a large representative sample in Beijing. Data from a total of 16442 adults (6489 men and 9953 women) aged > or =18 years from a survey of behavioral risk factors for chronic diseases in Beijing, in 2005, was analyzed. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome increased with age and the age-standardized prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by International Diabetes Federation IDF and National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III ATPIII criteria were 23.2% (24.5% in men and 22.7% in women) and 16.2% (16.1% in men and 16.6% in women), respectively. The metabolic syndrome was higher in semi-urban areas and associated with higher rates of hypertension, central obesity, salt intake and smoking.

Objective. To investigate geographic differences in obesity related metabolic abnormalities in middle-aged and older Chinese people with different levels of adiposity.Method. Data from 3289 individuals aged 50-70 years who participated in a cross-sectional survey in 2005 (1641 from northern [Beijing] and 1648 from southern [Shanghai] China) were analyzed. Overweight or obesity and abdominal obesity were classified as body mass index >= 24 kg/m(2) and waist circumference >= 90 cm for men and >= 80 cm for women. Metabolic abnormalities (metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes) were defined using the NCEP/ATPIII criteria.Results. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 53.4%, and the prevalence of abdominal obesity was 48.0%, respectively. The prevalence of the metabolic abnormalities was significantly higher among obese individuals than their normal weight counterparts. The association between obesity and the higher prevalence of the metabolic abnormalities was more pronounced among people who were overweight or obese in the north, especially for those living in rural areas.Conclusion. The prevalence of obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities varies substantially among Chinese people in different geographic region. Individuals who were overweight or obese living in rural areas in the north contribute importantly to the north-south differences in obesity-related metabolic abnormalities among Chinese populations. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

OBJECTIVE:To know the situation of tobacco advertisement, promotions and related factors in six cities in China.METHODS:4815 adults (above 18 years), selected form Beijing, Shanghai, Shenyang, Changsha, Guangzhou and Yinchuan through probability proportionate sampling and simple random sampling, were investigated through questionnaires.RESULTS:The most commonly reported channels that smokers noticed tobacco advertisements were billboards (35.6%) and television (34.4%). The most commonly reported tobacco promotional activities that were noticed by smokers were free gifts when buying cigarettes (23.1%) and free samples of cigarettes (13.9%). Smokers in Changsha were more likely to report noticing tobacco advertisement on billboards (chi2 = 562.474, P < 0.00 1), and on television (chi2 = 265.570, P < 0.001). Smokers in Changsha (chi2 = 58.314, P < 0.001) were more likely to notice tobacco related news and games. A logistic regression analysis showed that the living and education level were related to awareness of tobacco advertisement and promotion.CONCLUSION:It was universal to see tobacco advertisement and promotions in cities in China but the laws and regulations about tobacco-control were not uniformly executed in different cities. It is necessary to perfect and uniform related laws and regulations.

目的 了解北京市成年人健康体检的途径和频率.方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,对北京市18岁以上16 658例常住居民健康体检的途径和频率进行调查.结果 两年内,北京市成人中有60.8%的人至少接受了一次健康体检.年轻、文化程度高、家庭人均收入高、较好的医疗保险与健康体检的频率呈正相关.健康体检的途径依次为单位或集体常规健康体检(71.8%)、就业(包括办理健康证)和上学体检(14.2%)、自己主动体检(包括婚检,9.6%)、其他(4.4%).结论 北京市居民健康体检率较高,单位或集体常规体检是健康体检的主要途径.

Objective To examine the current situation of smoke-free policies and the support for comprehensive smoke free policies in Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai, Changsha, Guangzhou, and Yinchuan. Methods Data from Wave 1 of the ITC China Survey (April 2006-August 2008) were analyzed. The ITC China Survey employed a multistage sampling design across 6 cities: Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai, Changsha, Guangzhou, and Yinchuan. Face to face interviews were conducted with a total of 4 815 smokers and 1 270 non-smokers across the 6 cities to examine their support for smoke free policies. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with support for comprehensive smoke free policies. Results None of the six cities had implemented comprehensive smoke free policies. Support for comprehensive smoke free policies in workplaces, restaurants and bars was relatively lower compared to hospitals, schools, and public transport vehicles. Support for comprehensive smoke free policies in workplaces, restaurants and bars were associated with knowledge about the adverse health effects of secondhand smoke (for workplaces OR=1.27, 95%CI: 1.08~1.49; for restaurants and bars OR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.17~2.05). Conclusion More comprehensive smoke free policies are needed in the 6 cities. To improve support for comprehensive smoke free policies, public knowledge about the adverse health effects of secondhand smoke needs to be strengthened.

Objective To collect the information on nicotine dependence of Chinese adult smokers and understand the related factors of high nicotine dependence in adult smokers.Methods 4800 adult smokers were interviewed in Beijing,Shenyang,Shanghai,Changsha,Guangzhou and Yinchuan.800 smokers in each city were selected with multiple stages sampling method.Results The level of HSI was 2.5±1.7 in adult smokers in China,2.5±1.7 for male and 1.9±1.7 for female,which were lower than that of smokers in developed countries.The result of logistic regressions for predicting the probability of high nicotine dependence showed that gender,age,education,years after becoming a regular smoker,health consciousness and price per pack of last purchase could enter the equation.Male(OR=2.352) and lower education had significant associations with high nicotine dependence.The lower education the smokers had,the higher nicotine dependence they were(the high education as contrast,the OR of the medium education was 1.417;the OR of low education was 1.853).People who had smoked more than 10 years had high nicotine dependence(OR=4.519).People who regarded smoking was neither good nor bad for their own health(OR=1.345),regarded smoking was good for their own health(OR=2.419) and purchased belowe 4 yuan per pack(OR=1.635) had high nicotine dependence.Conclusion Compared with developed countries,the HSI level was lower in China.Male,higher age,lower education,smoking more than 10 years,failing to understand smoking damage,and purchasing cheap cigarettes were associated with high nicotine dependence.

目的评价饮食运动全程指导对糖尿病人自我管理技能的影响。方法集中组织病人进行5天封闭食宿管理的饮食运动全程指导。用餐实行分餐制,主食个体化定量。每日安排运动实习和健康教育;指导前后各监测1次血糖和血压,指导后进行问卷效果调查。结果病友在指导前后血糖、血压平均水平都有所下降,收缩压下降有统计学差异(P<0.05);全程指导前分别有92.1%和86.8%的病友进行了饮食控制和体育锻炼,但是正确率不足40%;指导后饮食控制正确率提高了63.16%,体育锻炼正确率提高了65.79%。结论本次活动达到了培养病人自我管理能力,建立良好的饮食运动习惯的目的。

Objective To describe the present condition of tobacco control reports in Beijing,Shenyang,Shanghai,Changsha,Guangzhou,and Yinchuan and to provide evidence to promote anti-tobacco media campaign in China.Methods Multistage sampling was used to sample 4 815 smokers and 1 270 non-smokers in the six cities.Face-to-face interviews were conducted to examine the exposure rate of anti-tobacco media reports.Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore factors associated with exposure rate of anti-tobacco media campaign.Results 69.1%of the smokers had seen anti-tobacco media report.64.6%,50.5%,45.6%and 38.1%of the respondents saw tobacco control publicity on TV,cigarette package,newspaper/magazine and broadcast.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age,education background and the amount of smoking cigarette per day have significant associations with exposure rate of tobacco control media reports(P0.05).Conclusion The anti-smoke media campaigns in China have made a good prograss,but not well distributed There should be a unitive and long-term anti-smoke media campaign strategy in China.

国内外许多研究表明年龄、种族、遗传、膳食、行为等因素与代谢综合征 (metabolic syndrome,MS)有关[1].近年来日益重视MS发病的地区和文化的差异.因每项研究的人群不同,其危险因素也各有差异.为了解北京市成人MS患病水平,并探讨其危险因素,笔者利用北京市成人慢性病行为危险因素监测系统进行了调查研究.

Objective To examine the effects of health warning on cigarette package on smokers in Beijing,Shenyang,Shanghai,Changsha,Guangzhou,and Yinchuan.Methods Multistage sampling was used to select 4815 smokers in six cities.Face-to-face interview was conducted to colledt related information.Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore factors associated with warning effects.Results Among the participants,94.9% was male.Average score of warning effects was 1.38(effective score≥2).Only 2.15 % of respondents often stop smoking because of warning labels,and 13.31% avoided warnings during the past one month.The proportion of considering the harm of smoking and planning to quit smoking because of noticing the warning label were only 8.26% and 5.29%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that different cities and smoking years were associated with warning effects of health labels on cigarette package.Conclusion Current health warning on cigarette package had no designed warning effects for smokers.It is necessary to renew the form of the warnings.

Objective To compare the prevalences of metabolic syndrome under different definitions and find the appropriate diagnostic definition for Chinese adults. Methods 16711 residents aged>18 years were selected by multiple-stages and random cluster sampling among 18 districts and interviewed with questionnaire, physician check and laboratory test. The different prevalences under CDS, IDF, and ATPⅢ definitions respectively were calculated and the results were compared by Kappa test. Results The adjusted prevalences of metabolic syndrome under CDS, IDF, and ATPⅢ definitions were 12.7%,24.0% and 15.3% respectively. All definitions showed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was increased with age (P=0.000). The 83.0% concordance of metabolic syndrome cases was found between CDS and IDF definitions, and 89.9% between CDS and ATPⅢ. Kappa test showed that the agreement among three definitions was high with Kappa coefficient of 0.510 between CDS and IDF, and 0.634 between CDS and ATPⅢ. Conclusions The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Beijing adults is higher than the average prevalence in China. All the three definitions can be used for Chinese, the evaluation is still needed in future by cohort study and follow up study.