目的 探讨氢呼气试验在功能性肠病(FBD)患者小肠细菌过度生长情况分析中的应用.方法 分析2018年1月至2020年6月首都医科大学宣武医院消化科收治的1 224例FBD患者和175例健康志愿者的临床资料,按罗马Ⅳ诊断标准分为功能性便秘(574例)、功能性腹胀(272例)、功能性腹泻(62例)及肠易激综合征组(316例),所有纳入研究的患者和健康志愿者已行乳果糖氢呼气试验,分析检查结果.结果 FBD各亚型在小肠细菌过增长(SIBO)阳性率、OCTT延长发生率、回肠反流发生率均高于正常对照组(P＜0.05).功能性便秘组OCTT延长发生率明显高于其他亚型(P＜0.05);功能性便秘组OCTT时间明显高于其他亚型(P＜0.05),该组SIBO阳性患者OCTT时间明显长于SIBO阴性患者;功能性腹泻组OCTT时间明显短于其他亚型,该组SIBO阳性患者OCTT时间明显短于SIBO阴性患者.结论 SIBO与FBD密切相关,明确诊断SIBO可有助于FBD的治疗.各亚型FBD肠道传输时间有不同的表现,LBT可以较准确的反映功能性肠病患者存在的动力情况.氢呼气试验作为一种无创检测方法,可广泛应用于FBD的诊断.

目的 探讨埃索美拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素三联用药对老年冠心病伴幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染患者血脂指标的影响.方法 回顾性分析首都医科大学宣武医院自2018年9月至2020年6月收治的108例老年冠心病伴Hp感染患者的临床资料.54例患者仅接受冠心病常规治疗,纳入未根除组;54例患者在冠心病常规治疗基础上联合埃索美拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素三联用药根除Hp,纳入根除组.连续用药10 d后,比较两组患者治疗前后的血脂指标.结果 两组患者治疗后的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);根除组患者治疗后的甘油三酯水平低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);根除组患者治疗后的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平高于治疗前,且高于未根除组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 埃索美拉唑、阿莫西林、克拉霉素三联用药根除Hp有利于调节老年冠心病伴Hp感染患者的脂质代谢,可改善患者预后.

目的 了解北京市成年人健康体检的途径和频率.方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,对北京市18岁以上16 658例常住居民健康体检的途径和频率进行调查.结果 两年内,北京市成人中有60.8%的人至少接受了一次健康体检.年轻、文化程度高、家庭人均收入高、较好的医疗保险与健康体检的频率呈正相关.健康体检的途径依次为单位或集体常规健康体检(71.8%)、就业(包括办理健康证)和上学体检(14.2%)、自己主动体检(包括婚检,9.6%)、其他(4.4%).结论 北京市居民健康体检率较高,单位或集体常规体检是健康体检的主要途径.

Objective To know about the density and seasonal fluctuation of main vectors at National Stadium by the surveillance,develop and implement the special strategy and control,in order to avoid the harmfulness caused by vectors during the opening and closing ceremony of Olympic Games.Methods Night trapping method was used for the surveillance of rats,CO2 trapping lamp method for the adult mosquitoes,lava-spoon method and check-container method for larva,baited cage trapping method for the flies and paste catching method for cockroaches.The integrated method was used for the vector prevention and control such as rats,mosquitoes,flies and cockroaches.The control effect was evaluated by density surveillance and questionnaire.Results There were 84 spoons sampled from large-scale water,and the positive spoon was 0.A total of 46 containers were checked at the stadium,and no positive container was found.There was no response on the infestation of vectors at the opening and closing ceremony of the Olympic Games by questionnaires to 220 people,and nobody was bitten or annoyed by vectors.Conclusion The strategy and method of vector control especially at the opening and closing ceremony of Olympic Games were successful and effective,which not only provided the safeguard for the opening and closing ceremony but also realized the aim without vector harm.

To investigate combination patterns of cardiovascular risks and sequelae at different stages of hypertension, all 6176 newly or previously diagnosed hypertensives were selected from a randomized sampling surveillance data to perform a multiple correspondence analysis. Short duration hypertensives are characterized by relatively young age, less physical exercise, normal fruits and vegetable intakes, high salt diet, and nearly normal blood lipid and glucose. Middle duration hypertensives begin to pursue more physical exercise and less salt, although increasing physiological disorders are found. Severe sequelae such as stroke and myocardial infraction mainly occurred in long duration hypertensives. Results imply that great efforts should be taken in health education and lifestyle interventions on prehypertensive and early stage hypertensive patients.

目的研究对北京市蚊虫密度产生影响的主要气象因素并分析其影响程度。方法采用北京市疾病预防控制中心2005-2007年5-10月共54旬的蚊虫密度数据及同期的平均气温、平均最低气温、平均最高气温、降雨量、降雨天数、日照时间、相对湿度、平均风速等气象资料,采用SAS9.0统计软件进行多元逐步回归。结果多元回归共线性诊断结果显示平均气温、平均最高气温与平均最低气温三者之间存在严重共线性,三者不能同时进入回归方程。多元逐步回归方程为y=0.53397X2+0.07814X7-2.67329X8-2.23256。其中X2代表平均最低气温,X7代表相对湿度,X8代表平均风速。结论与蚊虫密度相关的气象因素主要为平均最低气温、相对湿度、平均风速;按其影响程度大小依次为平均最低气温、平均风速、相对湿度。

2008年北京奥运会是历史上最大规模的奥运会,为了保障奥运会不受病媒生物的侵扰,北京市疾病预防控制中心(以下简称CDC),从2004年就开始奥运病媒生物保障工作,走过了一条漫长的保障之路.

Objective To investigate the patients′ changes of life-style patterns in dietary habits and behaviors following gradual increase of hypertension course.Methods The multiple-step iso-stratified random cluster sampling was taken,from August to October 2005,to choose 16 711 residents aged ≥18 years from 18 Districts or Counties of Beijing.All the subjects were given questionnaire survey,physical examination,blood pressure measure,and laboratory tests.The possible risk factors of the screened 6 176 hypertension patients were conducted by using multiple correspondence analysis based on four courses of ＜ 5 years,5 years -,10 years - and ≥ 15 years.Results Laborers with shorter course lived in rural areas had poorer dietary habit and behavior.The urban elderly people with longer course paid more attention to their dietary habit and behavior mode; however they got more ratio of diabetes mellitus onset.Conclusion The interventional measure should be implemented as early as possible to delay development of the illness,and intensively monitoring to people with long course of hypertension is helpful to improve the patients′ quantity of life.

The infection curve of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) using the back-projection method was reconstructed for the SARS outbreak period (from March 1, 2003 to June 20, 2003) in Beijing to assess the effectiveness of the intervention measures. There were 2,521 confirmed SARS cases with a population size of 13 million. The SARS outbreak pattern corresponded well with the major events timeline over the SARS outbreak. Despite the limited resources with such a large population size, the intervention measures taken by the Beijing Municipal Government seemed to be effective in containing the SARS epidemic in Beijing.

Background: The reference value of urine albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) has racial disparities. The ACR reference value in a healthy Beijing population is reported.Methods: A reference Beijing population was sampled via a multistage. clustered complex sampling method. By excluding subjects with self-reported kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, obesity or underweight condition, overt proteinuria, hematuria, or pyuria, as well as those with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 200ml/min/1.73m(2) or < 60ml/min/1.73m(2), apparently healthy subjects (1260 males, 2305 females, aged 18-84y) were selected to be included in the current analysis. Urine albumin was measured using the immunoturbidimetic method, creatinine was measured using Jaffe's kinetic method on a morning spot-urine sample, and ACR was calculated. The 95th percentile of ACR was used as the normal upper limit. The association between ACR and each of gender, age, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, serum glucose, lipids, and eGFR was examined.Results: The normal upper limit of ACR was 14mg/g (1.58mg/mmol) for males and 20mg/g (2.26mg/mmol) for females. Females had higher ACR values than males, and age, systolic blood pressure, and eGFR were positively correlated with ACR.Conclusions: The ACR reference value in the healthy Beijing population is lower than that of the Western population. Age, systolic blood pressure, and eGFR were found to correlate with ACR. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

分析了北京市流动人口传染病管理活动的政策主体的构成、职能以及主体间关系,探讨其特点和影响,提出了加强流动人口传染病管理,强化政策主体能力的对策建议。

OBJECTIVE:To identify and evaluate the risks of serious public health events for 29th the Olympic Games and 13th Paralympic in order to offer scientific bases for security public health of Olympic Games.METHODS:Use Delphi experts refer, Level analysis, Risk assessment and Hazard analysis and critical control points, to research public health risks for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.RESULTS:From analysis, we concluded 45 kinds of public health risk consisting in 5 areas and made sure its risk level: 5 kinds of Extreme risk in 3 areas; 22 kinds of High risk in 5 areas; 10 kinds of Moderate risk in 4 areas and 8 kinds of Low risk in 4 areas. And also we imported the risk management thought to research tackle strategies for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.CONCLUSIONS:It might offer scientific bases for security public health of Olympic Games by identification and risk assessment of Serious Public Heath Events for the 29th Olympic Games.

BACKGROUND:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered a serious worldwide public health problem, but data from developing countries are extremely limited.STUDY DESIGN:Cross-sectional study.SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS:A representative sample of 13,925 adults in Beijing, China.PREDICTORS:Age (18 to 39, 40 to 59, 60 to 69, and >70 years), sex, urban or rural area, history of chronic respiratory infection and cardiovascular disease, hepatitis B virus infection, smoking, family history (diabetes, hypertension, and CKD), nephrotoxic medications, central obesity, diabetic and hypertension status, and dyslipidemia.OUTCOMES AND MEASUREMENTS:CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) or markers of kidney damage. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated by using calibrated serum creatinine level and a formula specific for China. Persistent albuminuria and hematuria were considered markers of kidney damage.RESULTS:The prevalence of CKD in adults in Beijing was 13.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.9 to 14.2). It therefore was estimated that the number of adults in Beijing with CKD was 1.43 million. In subjects aged 18 to 39, 40 to 59, 60 to 69, and older than 70 years, prevalences of CKD were 10.0% (95% CI, 8.9 to 11.3), 14.2% (95% CI, 13.0 to 15.4), 20.8% (95% CI, 18.1 to 23.9), and 30.5% (95% CI, 26.6 to 34.7), respectively. Factors independently associated with decreased kidney function included older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.83; 95% CI, 1.51 to 2.22 per 10-year increase), nephrotoxic medications (OR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.21 to 3.97), rural area (versus urban area; OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.78), history of cardiovascular disease (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.24 to 3.38), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level less than 40 mg/dL (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.39 to 6.51), and hypertension status (with duration > 10 years; OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.19 to 2.88).LIMITATIONS:Kidney function and indicators of kidney damage were based on single measurements.CONCLUSIONS:CKD is a public health burden in Beijing.

目的 对北京市流动人口传染病的政策执行情况进行研究.方法 采用普查方法 调查了18个区县卫生局,采用定性访谈方法 访问了20个关键知情者.结果 从监测、免疫接种、健康教育与监督检查4个方面分别制定实施方案.目前执行中直接、间接协调的机构达17个,政策执行与协调工作中存在较多困难.结论 要明确政府主管部门的协调职能;加强行业主管部门的公共卫生职责;推进协调方式由非制度化向制度化转变;健全政策执行及协作的考核制度.

Objective To develop and implement effective strategies and measures of vector control in order to avoid the harmfulness caused by vectors during the Olympic Games,by analyzing the risks and challenges in vector control.Methods The risk of vector-borne diseases occurrence,nuisance and adverse impact caused by vectors was advanced by analyzing the species,density and the damage of vectors in recent years in Beijing.Control strategies were established according to the monitoring results of the vector population density,resistance and the pathogens in Olympic venues and in urban areas during 2005-2008,as well as the selection of effective control method and management measures.Results The risk of vector-borne diseases occurrence and nuisance caused by vectors existed in Beijing.It was the main control strategies for the vector control in the Olympic Games that included sound management mechanism,a comprehensive density monitoring,the scientific and rational use of pesticide,the consolidated vector control practices,and the organizing of emergency response team.Conclusion It produced the powerful technique support for the vector control of 2008 Olympic Games through the implementation of vectors monitoring and control,the development of vector control technology and the establishment of all kinds of vector control projects.No serious harmful events caused by vectors occurred during Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.

>流动人口的公共卫生管理尤其是传染病预防控制等工作是城市工作的难点和重点。开展流动人口公共卫生管理离不开构建合理、工作高效的政策及管理主体。本文以北京市为例,探索分析流动人口公共卫生管理活动中的主体机制,并分析其对工作的影响。一、公共卫生管理的政策主体构成公共卫生管理的政策主体,包含政府主体与社

目的 探讨一般管理人员职业紧张状况及紧张反应的影响因素.方法 采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R),对事业、企业单位/部门、科室的一般管理人员(研究组)569例,随机抽取工厂、机关、服务和商业等行业的职工(对照组)319例,共计888例进行研究.结果 ①一般管理人员的职业任务、紧张反应总均分及各子项(除工作环境子相外)得分均显著高于对照组[( 31.96±5.98)分,(26.18±5.44)分;(35.76±4.20)分,(24.23±5.70)分.(22.54±3.14)分,(17.25±5.15)分;(24.27±4.88)分,(22.45±6.39)分;(27.30±3.41)分,(22.37±4.42)分;(22.36±4.02)分,(20.18±5.96)分;P ＜0.01],仅自我保健子项得分显著高于对照组[(30.42±5.55)分,(28.39±6.74)分;P ＜0.01].②紧张反应与职业任务呈明显正相关(r =0.319 ,P ＜0.01).③个体紧张反应、业务紧张反应的主要影响因素(按从强到弱顺序排列):责任感、任务冲突、工作环境、任务模糊、工龄;心理紧张反应的主要影响因素:责任感、任务不适、工作环境、任务冲突、任务模糊;人际关系紧张反应的主要影响因素:任务冲突、年龄、娱乐休闲、工作环境.躯体紧张反应的主要影响因素:任务模糊、责任感、自我保健.结论 针对一般管理人员的主要紧张源,紧张反应及其影响因素,采取有针对性的干预措施,以降低一般管理人员的职业紧张程度,保护和促进工作能力是职业卫生领域面临的重要任务之一。

OBJECTIVE:To understand the distribution of chronic disease related behavior and lifestyle in adults from Beijing.METHODS:16,658 adult residents from Beijing city were randomly selected with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method in 2005. Each participant was invited to receive a set of standardized questionnaire, physical examinations and laboratory tests.RESULTS:In the adults living in Beijing, 33.2% were overweight and 16.4% were obesive. The current smoking rate was 26.2% and the regular smoking rate was 21.4%. 57.7% of the male and 4.6% of the female adults were current smokers. In male adults, 64.3% drank alcoholic beverage at least once per month while 16.1% drank almost everyday, 16.5% drank more alcohol than moderate, and 18.5% were binge drinkers. 46.0% of Beijing adults were in lack of active physical exercise. Unhealthy dietary habits such as:excess consumption of sodium or oil, lower intake of vegetable, milk and soybean productions, skipping breakfast, fond of salted vegetable and fried food intake, as well as eating snacks etc. were quite commonly seen in the adults from Beijing. In addition, most of the risk factors had a higher prevalence in the suburban areas and population at working-age.CONCLUSION:The prevalence rate of chronic risk factors was still high in adults of Beijing. Effective interventions should be carried out to prevent further worsening of the situation, especially in the suburban areas and people at working-age.

OBJECTIVETo understand the prevalence and control of several common chronic disease in Beijing adults.METHODS16,658 adult residents were randomly selected with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method. Each participant was invited to receive a set of standardized questionnaire, physical examinations and laboratory tests.RESULTSData showed that the prevalence, awareness, treatment and the rate of control on hypertension among the adults in Beijing were 29.1%, 49.3%, 42.3% and 10.6% respectively. The counterparts of diabetes mellitus were 8.8%, 56.7%, 50.0% and 15.0%. The four corresponding figures for dyslipidemia were 33.2%, 31.1%, 13.0% and 4.3%, respectively. 22.9% of the Beijing adults had metabolic syndrome including 8.1 per thousand suffering from myocardial infarction and 18.4 per thousand from stroke. Except for diabetes, all the chronic diseases had higher prevalence rate in rural area than in urban area, according to the findings under our study. Postmenopausal women were more susceptible to chronic disease than men.CONCLUSIONThe prevalence rate of chronic disease in Beijing was still high. The prevalence rate in rural area had exceeded the level in urban area. Adjustment and attention should be made according to the prevalence features and weakness existed in present chronic disease control strategy.