为精准制定玉米田杂草防控措施,在秸秆地表覆盖还田、秸秆碎混还田、秸秆翻埋还田的玉米田每隔7d调查杂草出现种类和出现数量并分析发生规律.结果表明:秸秆地表覆盖还田、秸秆翻埋还田的玉米田有8种杂草发生,秸秆碎混还田的玉米田有9种杂草发生,杂草发生种类和主要杂草种类基本相同.杂草累计发生量在秸秆翻埋还田的玉米田最多,秸秆覆盖还田的玉米田最少.秸秆翻埋还田和秸秆碎混还田模式玉米播种7 d后杂草开始出现,秸秆地表覆盖还田玉米播种14 d后杂草出现.2018年3种模式杂草发生高峰均在6月21日.2019年秸秆翻埋还田模式杂草发生高峰在5月31日,秸秆碎混还田和秸秆地表覆盖还田模式杂草发生高峰在6月8日.由此得出,不同秸秆还田模式对玉米田杂草多样性的影响不大;秸秆翻埋还田和秸秆碎混还田的玉米田杂草比秸秆地表覆盖还田早出苗7d;3种模式下杂草发生高峰在相同时间或相差7d.

芸豆是黑龙江省的主要食用豆之一,杂草危害是影响其产量和品质的重要因素.为明确黑龙江省芸豆田杂草发生情况,采用倒置"W"9点取样法,调查了黑龙江省西北部地区芸豆田杂草种类和数量.结果表明:该地区芸豆田共有17科45种杂草,其中阔叶杂草14科36种占杂草种数的80.00％,禾本科杂草7种占15.56％,其它杂草(鸭跖草科、列当科各1种)2种占4.44％.一年生杂草有27种占杂草种数的60.00％,多年生杂草15种占33.33％,其它杂草(一年生或越年生杂草2种,灌木1种)3种占6.67％.在调查地点和样地出现频率50％ 以上的杂草有13种,依次为稗草、藜、反枝苋、本氏蓼、狗尾草、马齿苋、金狗尾草、苍耳、水棘针、苣荬菜、卷茎蓼、刺儿菜、野西瓜苗,这13种杂草是黑龙江省西北部地区芸豆田的优势杂草.

为探究不同基质材料的生物炭对土传病害的抑制能力和对作物的促生作用,以玉米茎腐病为研究对象,通过向土壤中添加3% 的生物炭处理,利用盆栽试验测定了4种生物炭对玉米茎腐禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearum)的防控效果和对玉米植株生长的影响.结果表明:添加4种生物炭后,玉米植株的株高、根长(麦秆炭D处理稍低于对照外)、鲜重均高于接种病原菌处理的对照.稻壳炭A和竹制炭B处理显著的降低了茎腐病病原菌的侵染危害,控害效果分别达到52 .00% 和55 .99%;其它两种生物炭控害效果不明显.表明土壤中添加生物炭后,对玉米茎腐病起到了较好的抑制效果,且对植株生长具有明显的促生作用.

生物农药具有低毒性、低残留、不易产生抗性等优点,已成为害虫综合治理中的重要措施.为筛选出对蔬菜蚜虫有杀虫效果的生物农药,开展了9种生物农药对2种蔬菜蚜虫的室内毒力测定研究.结果表明:1.5％ 除虫菊素水乳剂、7.5％ 鱼藤酮乳油、0.3％ 印楝素乳油、5.0％ 桉油精可溶液剂、1.0％ 苦参·印楝素乳油和1.8％ 阿维菌素乳油等6种药剂对蚜虫的毒力较高,48 h蚜虫的死亡率都达到90％ 以上,与对照药剂10％吡虫啉可湿性粉剂差异不显著.这6种生物农药有望在生产中作为化学药剂的替代药剂进行蔬菜蚜虫的防治.

Objective] Field studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of two different tillage patterns, plowing and no-tillage, on the char-acteristics and the composition of soil weed seedbank.[Method] By using the method of weed seed germination,the 0-5,5-10,10-15,15-20,20-25,25-30 cm of 6 different soil samples were put into pots, the species and quantity of weeds were investigated after growing 60d under natural conditions, and then calculate the density and relative dominance of seed bank.[Result] The results showed that, a total of 24 weed spe-cies belonging 15 families in the plowing maize field,and 23 weed species belonging 15 families in the no tillage maize field.There were 19 kinds of weeds in plowing and no-tillage maize field.The main advantage weeds were Echinochloa crus-galli (L.), Chenopodium album Linn., Aca-lypha australis L., Solanum nigrum L.and Digitaria sanguinalis (Linn.) Scop.Broad leaved weeds are the main weeds, less gramineous weeds in the type of weeds.The density of weed seed bank is 4 292.4 grains/m2, more weeds located in 0-5, 20-25, 25-30 cm and the density and the relative advantages of E.c.is the highest in plowing maize field.The density of weed seed bank is 3 337.0 grains/m2 , more weeds located in the soil layer of 15-20, 20-25 cm and the density and the relative advantages of Ch.a.is the highest in no-tillage maize field.There are quite different in the soil distribution of dominant weed species.E.c.mainly distributed in 25-30 cm under the plowing maize field, and it is in the 0-5 cm soil layer under no-tillage field.Ch.a.mainly distributed in 20-25 cm under the no-tillage plowing maize field, and it showed a uniform distribution in the plowing field.[Conclusion] The composition and characteristics of soil weed seed bank in different tillage patterns were de-fined, which provided theoretical basis for integrated management of weeds in farmland .

为了筛选对恶性杂草苣荬菜防除效果好的除草剂,采用田间小区试验的方法对14种茎叶处理除草剂对苣荬菜的防效进行了比较.结果表明,施药后30d,辛酰溴苯腈25％乳油株数防效最高为90.0％;其次为2,4-滴丁酯72％乳油和二氯吡啶酸30％水剂,株数防效分别为86.7％和84.4％,鲜重防效分别为94.1％的93.4％;氯酯磺草胺84％水分散粒剂和苯唑草酮30％悬浮剂的鲜重防效也良好,分别为92.4％和91.7％.结论显示,辛酰溴苯腈25％乳油、二氯吡啶酸30％水剂、2,4-滴丁酯72％乳油、氯酯磺草胺84％水分散粒剂、苯唑草酮30％悬浮剂对苣荬菜有良好的防控效果.

In order to screen antagonistic bacteria in soil for plant pathogens bio‐control .55 antagonistic bacteria strains were isolated from soil samples in different ecological regions by the soil sprinkling method baited with 4 soil borne diseases .Part of antagonistic bacteria strains were evaluated for the antagonistic activity against plant pathogens .The result showed that more than 60% mycelial inhibition against Fusarium solani ,Fusarium graminearum ,Fusarium oxysporum were 1 ,12 and 8 stains ,respectively .Fermentation filtrate of 9 antagonis‐tic bacteria strains showed higher inhibition effect for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum ,Pyricularia grisea ,Setospha‐eriaturcica,Bipolarissorokiniana,FusariummoniliformeandAlternariasolani,thefermentationproductsof YS7 strain showed strong antifungal activity to Setosphaeria turcica ,Bipolaris sorokiniana ,Fusarium monili‐forme ,the diameter of inhibition zone reached a maximum of 56 .2 mm against Setosphaeria turcica .Metabo‐lites of 27 antagonistic bacteria strains showed inhibition activity to more than 4 antagonistic objects ,it showed that the fermentation products of antagonistic bacteria strains had broad‐spectrum antifungal activity .

为了明确不同杂草群落危害对黑龙江春大豆产量损失的影响,在2010～2011年间采用田间小区人工控制杂草的方法,研究了春大豆田发生的混合杂草群落、禾本科杂草群落、阔叶杂草群落与春大豆产量损失的关系.结果表明,不同杂草群落危害对春大豆产量损失的影响有较大差异.春大豆产量损失率以混合杂草群落最高(75.07％～91.51％),其次为禾本科杂草群落(61.62％～78.20％)与阔叶杂草群落(67.54％～70.42％),两者对大豆产量影响差异不大.春大豆产量损失率与杂草的密度和生物量呈正相关.

水稻立枯病对旱育秧田危害十分严重,黑龙江省水稻立枯病呈加重趋势,特别是遇到持续低温或气温忽高忽低时发病尤重,可造成秧苗大量死亡。为此,文章介绍了寒地水稻育秧期立枯病的症状、发病时期、发病原因及综合防治措施。

Introduced the seedling stage applies fertilizer and technonogy of fields apply fertilizer during the process of rice planting as well as how much medicine should be used during the life of the rice.