At present,immune colloidal gold technique(GICT)has been applied in the field of detection widely. By retrieving data from patent database of the State Intellectual Property Office of China,the principles and characteristics of GICT were introduced,and its use in detecting viruses,bacteria and parasites was analyzed. Meanwhile,the parent progress on GICT in diagnosis of animal diseases in China was summarized.

为了解内蒙古地区可能存在的库蠓种类,试验于2015年7-8月份在内蒙古巴彦哈太、托克托县、恩格贝等地收集库蠓样品,采用形态学与分子生物学相结合的方法鉴定库蠓样品的种类,本研究取形态学方法与分子生物学方法鉴定结果统一及分子生物学方法同源性达97％以上的结果为最终结果.结果表明:三个地区存在的库蠓有刺螯库蠓、环斑库蠓、残肢库蠓.库蠓是蓝舌病、鹿流行性出血热、阿卡斑等病的主要传播媒介,此结果提示内蒙古地区蓝舌病、鹿流行性出血热的流行分布可能与库蠓的存在有直接关系.

旨在研究限饲及不同方式补饲对蒙古羔羊公羔结肠组织学结构的影响.选用30只4月龄健康、体况中等的蒙古羔羊公羔,平均体重为(20.70±3.51)kg,随机平均分为对照组(CG)、限制组(RG),限制饲养60 d后补偿饲养60 d.试验动物均处于同一饲养环境下.限制期结束,从2组中随机选5只羔羊屠宰采样.补偿期将对照组(CG)、限制组(RG)剩余的试验动物分成羊草组(CH组和RH组)和秸秆组(CM组和RM组)2组,CH组、RH组饲喂精粗比为5:5的青干草,CM组、RM组饲喂精粗比7:3的秸秆,补偿饲养60 d后,全部屠宰,采集结肠3 cm左右,收集于甲醛磷酸缓冲液(40 g/L,pH值为7.4)固定,制作石蜡切片,进行H·E染色.在显微镜下测量结肠黏膜层、黏膜下层、内环肌层和外纵肌层的厚度(结肠浆膜层容易移位、脱落和损伤,会造成试验结果误差,该试验不对结肠浆膜层进行研究).利用SPSS 21.0统计软件分析及处理数据.结果发现,该试验条件下,蒙古羔羊受到60 d营养限制后,结肠黏膜层厚度差异显著(P<0.05);黏膜下层、内环肌层、外纵肌层厚度差异不显著(P>0.05).羊草组蒙古羔羊受到60 d营养补偿后,结肠黏膜层、黏膜下层、内环肌层、外纵肌层厚度差异不显著(P>0.05);秸秆组蒙古羔羊受到60 d营养补偿后,结肠黏膜下层厚度差异显著(P<0.05),结肠黏膜层、内环肌层、外纵肌层厚度差异不显著(P>0.05).由以上结果可以得出:营养限制一段时间后,蒙古羔羊公羔结肠黏膜层厚度升高.

Sheep rumen surgery is one of the largest surgicals in sheep,which covers fixed method,sterilization,anesthesia,surgery,surgery,cut,bleeding,hemostasis,postoperative administration and precautions..The entire surgical consists of various complicated operation processes,including aseptic,pollution and sterile complex operation process.This surgical can test the students' theoretical knowledge,operational skills,aseptic concepts and mutual cooperation.Therefore,it occupies an important position in the surgical course,and it is also one of the items of The National Centre Cup Professional Skills Contest.This formulates a sheep rumen surgery surgical procedures and precautions.The aim is to make students have a deeper understanding and mastery of the the rumen surgery in sheep,and to be better used in competition and practice.

为了研究营养限制及补偿对蒙古羔羊血液生理指标的影响,试验选择30只体况中等、平均体重为20.6 kg的4月龄蒙古羔羊随机均分为对照(CG)组、白细胞限制(RG)组,营养限制期(60 d)结束后,随机在各组挑选5只进行屠宰,再把每组剩余10只羊各分成两组(CH、RH、CM、RM组),并分别饲喂不同饲料进行补偿,CH、RH组饲喂青干草,CM、RM组饲喂秸秆,分别在试验的60,90,120天对羔羊颈静脉采血进行血常规检测.结果表明:营养限制结束,RG组白细胞(WBC)数极显著低于CG组(P＜0.01),其他各项指标均有下降趋势;补偿生长30天,各组血小板数目(PLT)、WBC均有显著性升高趋势;补偿生长60天,各组血红蛋白(HGB)呈现上升趋势.说明营养限制在一定程度上抑制骨髓造血功能,通过补偿能一定程度消除对造血功能的抑制;蒙古羔羊受营养限制后贫血和免疫功能有补偿效应,且高精料不能快速加强补偿效果.

为了解内蒙古乌拉特中旗石哈河乡部分村庄肉羊球虫病感染状况,更好地做好当地肉羊球虫病的防治工作,笔者于2015年7-8月份对石哈河乡五个村庄的180只肉羊用饱和盐水漂浮法进行了球虫感染情况调查.结果表明:五个村庄肉羊均有球虫感染,总感染率为25.0％;感染的艾美尔球虫有3种,分别是小型艾美耳球虫(E.parva)、阿撒他艾美耳球虫(E.ahsata)、雅氏艾美耳球虫(E.ninakohly-akimovae);感染球虫的肉羊部分还混合感染了吸虫与线虫.说明内蒙古乌拉特中旗石哈河乡肉羊感染率不是很高,但存在吸虫和线虫混合感染的现象,应引起注意.

为了解内蒙古地区蓝舌病(BT)、流行性出血热(EHD)的流行分布情况及存在的血清型,本研究于2015年采集来自内蒙古11个地区的701份反刍兽血清样品,其中包括绵羊244份、山羊347份、牛110份.通过竞争ELISA、中和试验等方法对待检样品分别进行BT和EHD的抗体检测及血清型鉴定.竞争ELISA检测结果显示,701份反刍兽血清样品中,79份为BT抗体阳性,总阳性率为11.27％(79/701),其中绵羊阳性率为10.25％(25/244)、山羊阳性率为15.56％(54/347)、牛均为阴性.此外,10份为EHD抗体阳性血清,总阳性率为1.43％(10/701),其中绵羊阳性率为2.46％(6/244)、山羊阳性率为1.15％(4/347)、牛均为阴性.中和试验结果显示:ELISA检测阳性血清可以与BTV 7型、10型、23型发生中和反应,但对应的抗体效价较低(介于1∶5～1∶20之间),无法判断阳性血清的具体血清型;EHD血清型主要为6型.研究结果表明,内蒙古地区BT和EHD流行分布广泛、具有明显的地区差异性.本研究为内蒙古地区BT和EHD防制提供了实验依据.

为了研究高脂血症对大鼠小肠各段肠管形态结构变化的影响,试验将20只大鼠随机分成两组,即空白组(饲喂普通饲料)和高脂组(饲喂高脂饲料),解剖大鼠取十二指肠、空肠,制作石蜡切片,苏木精-伊红(H.E.)染色,显微镜观察.结果表明:高脂血症大鼠十二指肠和空肠肠绒毛高度极显著减小(P＜0.01),绒腺比极显著减小(P＜0.01),黏膜层厚度显著减小(P＜0.05),外纵肌肌层厚度明显减小(P＞0.05).说明高脂血症会改变肠管形态结构,影响营养物质的消化、吸收.

Currently, lipogenic and adipokine gene expression patterns in different fat depots during long-term feed restriction in growing lambs are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the effects of long-term nutritional deficiency on lipogenic and adipokine gene expression in subcutaneous and visceral fat depots in lambs. Twenty male lambs (4 months old; 21.81±0.75kg body weight) were randomly assigned to either control or feed-restricted groups. After 60 days of maintenance-level feed restriction, femoral, omental, mesenteric, epicardial, and perirenal fat were collected. Gene expressions were estimated by quantitative real-time PCR, and plasma parameters were also determined. The results showed that feed restriction increased the plasma concentration of NEFA (P<0.05) at 30 days, and decreased the plasma concentration of triglycerides, glucose, and insulin (P<0.05) at 30 days and 60 days. Feed restriction decreased lipogenic gene expression (acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase alpha and fatty acid synthase) in all five fat depots. The related key regulating gene PPARγ mRNA decreased (P<0.05) in femoral, omental, and mesenteric fat depots, while sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 decreased (P<0.05) in femoral fat depots. Perilipin, as a barrier to lipolysis, decreased (P<0.05) in femoral, omental and perirenal fat depots of the feed restriction group. Adipose tissue-derived hormone leptin mRNA decreased (P<0.05) in all five fat depots, while adiponectin decreased (P<0.05) only in omental, mesenteric, and epicardial depots. Macrophage marker CD68 mRNA increased (P<0.05) in femoral and mesenteric fat depots. In addition, tumor necrosis factor-α mRNA increased in femoral, omental, and mesenteric depots, whereas IL-1β mRNA increased in femoral and perirenal depots. IL-6 expression decreased in femoral, omental, and epicardial fat depot at the end of feed restriction. Nutritional deficiency induced different changes in lipogenic and adipokine gene expression between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The decreased leptin, adiponectin, and increased inflammatory factors may inhibit lipogenesis and stimulate lipolysis to protect the body against the threat of starvation.

将苦豆子总碱和苦参碱制剂在不同的光和热条件下放置90d,用UV法和HPLC法对药物的光和热稳定性进行比较研究.方法:样品采用有机溶剂卒取,UV法测定药物含量,检测波长413nm,HPLC法采用SIGMA Discovery C18柱(25cm×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钾(用磷酸氢二钾调PH至6.45)为流动相,波长220nm.比较药物浓度的RSD.结果:色谱图中峰分离良好.UV法的RSD值高于HPLC法,UV法产生的误差较大.结论:HPLC法比UV法测定方法重现性好,灵敏度好,精密度高.确定两种药物密封,4℃ 避光保存.

将苦豆子总碱和苦参碱制剂在不同光照和温度下放置3个月,并观察药物的颜色及pH值变化,考察药物对光和热的敏感性以及药物产生的物理变化,通过不同条件的贮存,初步为确定药物的贮存条件提供依据.

目的：观察苦参碱制剂和苦参碱透皮制剂作为外用药的安全性。方法根据《化妆品卫生规范》（2007年版），对家兔进行皮肤刺激性实验。结果：苦参碱制剂对皮肤无刺激性；苦参碱透皮制剂对皮肤有轻度刺激。结论：苦参碱制剂及苦参碱透皮制剂外用安全。

高脂血症又称为脂质代谢异常,是指血液中的胆固醇(CHO)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)的含量超过正常标准,另外高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)在血液中的含量过低也属于血脂异常的范畴内,高脂血症的诊断主要是依靠实验室检查,目前临床上血脂的基本检测项目主要有CHO、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C四项指标.

To establish SD rat models of hyperlipemia and fatty liver,the SD rats were randomly divided into two groups,and then were continuously fed a normal diet and high- fat diet for 30 d,respectively. The levels of serum triglyceride( TG),total cholesterol( TC),high density lipoprotein( HDL),low density lipoprotein( LDL),and bile acid in the SD rats were determined. The wet weight of rat liver was taken to calculate the liver index( the ratio of liver wet weight to body weight in the rat),and a small piece of liver tissue was taken and fixed in 10% neutral formalin solution,and then the histopathological examination was conducted under a microscope using hematoxylin- eosin( HE) staining. The results showed that the contents of serum TC and LDL in the high- fat model group were extremely significantly increased( P 0. 01) compare with the control group,and the content of serum HDL in the high- fat model group was extremely significantly lower( P 0. 01) than that of the control group; the liver index,bile acid index of the SD rats in the high- fat model group were extremely significantly higher( P 0. 01) than those in the control group. The results of histopathological examination showed that the structure and contour of hepatic lobular of the SD rats in the high- fat model group basically disappeared,and the hepatocyte morphology was irregular; most of hepatocytes were swelling with ballooning degeneration,and vacuolar degeneration could be seen in the hepatocytes,and some hepatocytes appeared lytic necrosis. The results indicate that using the high- fat diet to feed the SD rats for 30 d,may occur hyperlipemia,which causes enlargement of the liver and fatty liver,and some hepatocytes appear lytic necrosis.

Bluetongue is a kind of vector- borne infectious diseases that mainly affect domestic and wild ruminants,which is caused by bluetongue virus through Culicoides biting midges. There are 26 serotypes of bluetongue virus spreading around the world,and there is no cross- immunity between the serotypes. Bluetongue virus mainly infects sheep,goats,cattle,deer,and other ruminant animals. It can cause varying degrees of clinical symptoms,and even leads to the deaths of ruminant animals. There are many ways to detect the bluetongue virus,which are mainly composed of serology and molecular biology. This paper reviews the research processes including the prevalence and distribution of bluetongue disease,features of the pathogen,its transmission media,the pathogenesis and clinical symptoms,diagnostic techniques,vaccines,and so on.

Objective]To establish a duplex PCR assay for simultaneous and quick detection of sheep-originated clinical isolates of Enterococcus and Enterococcus faecium. [Methods]The genus specific and species specific primers for Enterococcus and Enterococcus faecium targeting at 16S rDNA and ddl gene were designed respectively, and the reaction system of duplex PCR assay was determined. The specificity and sensitivity of the established duplex PCR assay were evaluated. The simulated bacterial infection blood samples were prepared by using healthy sheep blood and mixed bacterial solution and were used to verify the specificity and sensitivity of the established duplex PCR assay in detection of clinical samples. [Results]The results showed that the duplex PCR assay was able to specifically amplify the DNA fragments of 294 bp from Enterococcus and 557 bp from Enterococcus faecium,but was negative for other common animal-originated pathogenic bacteria. The detection limits of the assay for Enterococcus and Enterococcus faecium were 5.71×10-5 ng/μL and 5.71×10-4 ng/μL, respectively. The duplex PCR assay was able to specifically detect the Enterococcus and Enterococcus faecium in simulated bacterial infection blood samples, and the detection limit for Enterococcus faecium was 1×101 CFU/mL. [Conclusion]It was indicated that the established duplex PCR assay is specific and sensitive for detection of clinical Enterococcus and Enterococcus faecium isolates.

为了检测高脂血症大白鼠血清血脂、尿酸(UA)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、磷(P)的含量,以了解其含量变化以及相互间关系和影响,试验将SD大白鼠随机分为2组,即空白组、高脂组,分别给予正常饲料、高脂饲料.试验90 d,共监测3次血清指标的变化,每次间隔30 d,每次测定SD大白鼠血清三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(CHO)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、UA、Cr、BUN、P含量的方法.结果表明:高脂组SD大白鼠血清LDL-C含量极显著升高(P＜0.01),高脂组血清HDL-C含量极显著低于空白组(P＜0.01),TG含量无明显差异变化(P＞0.05).试验第60天、第90天高脂组SD大白鼠血清UA含量极显著高于空白组(P＜0.01),BUN含量无明显差异变化(P＞0.05),第60天高脂组SD大白鼠Cr含量极显著高于空白组(P＜0.01),第30天高脂组SD大白鼠P含量极显著高于空白组(P＜0.01).说明高脂血症SD大白鼠UA含量明显升高,这与脂质代谢紊乱造成肾损伤有关,由于肾小管对UA的重吸收与分泌比例失调,UA排出受阻而致UA含量升高,但高脂血症对Cr、BUN、P含量的影响不大.

为了建立大白鼠高脂血症及对血液流变学的检测,试验将SD大白鼠随机分为2组,分别给予普通饲料、高脂饲料,连续饲喂2周,测定大白鼠血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)以及血流变学指标。结果表明院高脂组大白鼠血清TC、LDL-C含量显著升高,HDL-C显著低于正常对照组；高脂组全血黏度、红细胞压积均较空白组明显升高。说明院大白鼠给予高脂饲料饲喂90d,可出现高脂血症,并且血液流变学指标会发生明显的变化。

To investigate the prevalence of bluetongue disease(BT) in Inner Mongolia, a total of 212 blood samples were collected from ruminant livestock in different regions of Inner Mongolia in 2013, and subjected to detections by competitive ELISA(C-ELISA) and nested RT-PCR methods. The results showed that the BT positive rates of samples were 35.85%(76/212)detected by C-ELISA and 28.77%(61/212) by RT-PCR. In addition, the BT virus(BTV) infection rate was 21.25%(17/80) in sheep, 35.35%(41/116) in cashmere goats, and 18.75%(3/16) in bovine. However, different feeding methods also had an impact on BTV infection. The BTV positive rates were 16.67%(1/6) and 29.13%(60/206) for livestock raising in pen-stabling and non-pen stabling, respectively. These data demonstrated that the BTV was widely prevalence in Inner Mongolia, therefore it is necessary to strengthen the detection and prevention of this disease.

为了观察苦豆子总碱制剂及其透皮制剂体表用药的安全性,并采用《化妆品卫生规范》(2007年版)规定的皮肤刺激性试验进行验证.结果表明:苦豆子总碱制剂对皮肤无刺激,苦豆子总碱透皮制剂对皮肤有轻度刺激.说明苦豆子总碱制剂及其透皮制剂外用安全.