CLINICAL RELEVANCE:Understanding the quality of care provided by existing refractive error services and aspects that influence quality enables educators and the workforce to develop interventions for delivering high-quality services. BACKGROUND:High-quality eye care services are required not only to address uncorrected refractive error but also maintain the needs of those wearing spectacles. This study aims to evaluate the quality of refractive error care in China by estimating the proportion and assessing factors associated with receiving optimal spectacles. METHODS:This cross-sectional study utilised trained unannounced standardised patients with various refractive error profiles to attend optical services in 2024 in Dali, China. Patients requested an eye examination, ordered and collected spectacles and a written prescription, and recorded testing provided. Baseline refractions were averaged from measurements conducted by three qualified refractionists. Spectacles and prescriptions were compared against the baseline and optimal criteria, and then against each other to assess appropriateness of spectacles made. Proportions for quality outcomes were calculated with robust standards errors to account for intra-service correlation. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression explored potential associations between spectacle quality and visit factors. RESULTS:Fourteen unannounced standardised patients visited 67 optical services completing 259 visits with 249 spectacles dispensed (181 single vision distance, 68 single vision near). Overall, 25.7% (95%CI:20.0-32.4%) and 38.8% (95%CI:33.5-44.5%) of spectacles and prescriptions, respectively, met the optimal criteria. Regression analyses indicated that males (OR:0.42, 95%CI:0.19-0.92, p = 0.03) were at reduced odds of receiving optimal spectacles, whereas those attending rural services were at significantly increased odds of receiving optimal spectacles (OR:2.82, 95%CI:1.40-5.69, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION:The quality of refractive error care in Dali, China, shows a distinct need for improvement. The observed gender disparity in care requires further investigation, while understanding the systems and structures of rural services may provide insights to foster and improve urban services.

BCOR is a gene that encodes an epigenetic regulator, which is indispensable for guiding cell differentiation and body structure development. While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a significant therapeutic option for tumor patients, the correction between BCOR mutations and the efficacy of ICIs in solid tumors remains uncertain. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and clinical data of pan-cancer patients were sourced from two MSK-IMPACT cohorts: MSK-2017, comprising 10336 patients, and MSK-2019, consisting of 1661 patients. The MSK-2019 cohort treated with ICIs underwent analysis to investigate the correlation between BCOR mutations and the therapeutic efficacy of ICIs. mRNA expression data of 10228 pan-cancer patients were retrieved from the TCGA database, aiming to explore the relationship between BCOR expression levels and immune cell infiltration. Totally, 2.9% (304/10336) of pan-cancer patients in the MSK-2017 cohort and 3.9% (64/1661) in the MSK-2019 cohort harbored BCOR mutations. In the MSK-2017 cohort, the top three tumor types with the highest frequency of BCOR mutations were endometrial cancer (28/218, 12.8%), adrenocortical carcinoma (3/25, 12.0%), and salivary gland cancer (9/114, 7.9%), respectively. Differently, the MSK-2019 cohort showed the highest frequency of BCOR mutations in colorectal cancer (11/110, 10.0%), whereas in the MSK-2017 cohort, BCOR mutations were only observed in 3.5% (35/1007) of colorectal cancer patients. The most common types of BCOR mutations in both cohorts were missense and truncating mutations. In the MSK-2019 cohort, the BCOR-mutated group exhibited a significantly higher tumor mutational burden (TMB) compared to the BCOR-wild group (median TMB: mutated-type vs. wild-type = 36.7 vs. 5.9 Muts/Mb, P<0.0001). Additionally, the overall survival (OS) of the BCOR-mutated group was significantly longer than that of the wild-type group (median OS: 36.0 vs. 15.0 months; hazard ratio [HR]=0.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6-0.7, P=0.003). However, in MSK-2017 cohort treated without immunotherapy, there was no difference in OS between BCOR-mutated group and BCOR-wild group (median OS, 30.0 vs. 26.0 months; HR=0.9, 95%CI: 0.7-1.1, P=0.3). The immuno-correlation analysis showed that across most tumor types, the infiltration levels of CD4+ memory resting T cell, plasma B cell, and naive B cell exhibited a positive correlation with BCOR expression. Conversely, the infiltration levels of regulatory T cells, gamma delta T cells, and follicular helper T cells exhibited a negative correlation with BCOR expression. The results indicated that the BCOR mutation frequency varied across different tumor types and cohorts. Notably, in patients treated with ICIs, BCOR mutations were associated with higher TMB and improved OS, suggesting its potential as a biomarker in immunotherapy response. Cairui Li, Shuguang Sun, Kaiye Dong, Yaping Zhu, Xuefeng Zhong. A comprehensive pan-cancer analysis of BCOR as a promising biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 3320.

The rate of vincristine (VCR) resistance in the treatment of retinoblastoma (RB) is relatively high, and the exact role and mechanism of autophagy and fatty acid (FA) metabolism in RB are still unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which acyl-CoA thioesterase 7 (ACOT7) regulates FA metabolism and autophagy, which may lead to potential therapeutic strategies for RB. In the present study, the relationship between FA metabolism and cellular drug sensitivity was evaluated through ACOT7 overexpression or inhibition tests in RB-resistant cells. The lipase inhibitor orlistat and the autophagy inhibitor CQ were used to determine the effects of ACOT7 on FA metabolism, autophagy, and cellular drug sensitivity, as well as the therapeutic value of ACOT7 targeting. The results showed that ACOT7 was upregulated in VCR-resistant RB cells, significantly enhancing cell resistance and indicating that ACOT7 may serve as a biomarker for VCR resistance in RB cells. Knockdown of ACOT7 inhibited FA metabolism and reduced cell viability in VCR-resistant RB cells. The effect of ACOT7 overexpression was opposite to that of ACOT7 knockdown, and ACOT7 overexpression promoted autophagy in VCR-resistant RB cells. After treatment with orlistat or CQ, FA metabolism in VCR-resistant RB cells decreased, cell viability and autophagy were inhibited, EMT was inhibited, and the sensitivity of RB cells to VCR was increased. In conclusion, ACOT7 knockdown can mediate FA metabolism to inhibit autophagy and the migration of RB cells, thereby improving the sensitivity of RB cells to VCR.

Purpose To describe the clinical presentation and treatment outcomes of children diagnosed with retinoblastoma (RB) in the year 2017, throughout Asia. Design Multi-national prospective study including treatment-naïve patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma in Asia during 2017 and followed up thereafter. Participants A total of 2112 patients (2797 eyes) from 96 RB treatment centers in 33 Asian countries. Intervention Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, enucleation, orbital exenteration Main Outcome Measures Enucleation and death Results Within the cohort, 1021 (48%) patients were from South Asia (SA), 503 (24%) from East Asia (EA), 310 (15%) from South-East Asia (SEA), 218 (10%) from West Asia (WA) and 60 (3%) from Central Asia (CA). Mean age at presentation was 27 months (median, 23 months; range, <1 to 261 months). There were 1195 (57%) males and 917 (43%) females. The most common presenting complaints were leukocoria (72%) and strabismus (13%). Based on 8th edition American Joint Committee for Cancer, tumors were staged as cT1 (n=441; 16%), cT2 (n=951; 34%), cT3 (n=1136; 41%), cT4 (n=267; 10%), N1 (n=48; 2%), and M1 (n=129; 6%) at presentation. RB was treated with intravenous chemotherapy in 1450 (52%) eyes and 857 (31%) underwent primary enucleation. Three-year Kaplan-Meier estimates for enucleation and death were 33% and 13% for CA, 18% and 4% for EA, 27% and 15% for SA, 32% and 22% for SEA, 20% and 11% for WA (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001), respectively. Conclusion At the conclusion of this study, there was a significant heterogeneity in treatment outcomes of RB between the regions of Asian continent. East Asia displayed better outcomes with higher rates of globe and life salvage, while South-East Asia had poorer outcomes compared to the rest of Asia.

The global incidence of myopia is increasing at an alarming rate, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has listed myopic as one of the blinding eye diseases to be urgently addressed. Myopia is a complex disease with multiple genes and factors interacting with heredity and environment. The treatment of myopia has limited effects and some disadvantages, and there is no consensus on clinical management strategies at present. Risk assessment of myopia to identify the population in need of intervention (such as high-risk factors for myopia, preclinical myopia, early myopia, advanced myopia) is the most important initial step in prevention and control of myopia. The purpose of this review is to provide the latest clinical management strategies for the prevention and control of myopia, address the health problems associated with myopia and alleviate the burden of myopia.

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a pernicious tumor originating from photoreceptor precursor cells that often endangers the lives of children. The purpose of our study was to further investigate the influence of cathepsin B (CTSB) nuclear translocation on RB cell death. Y79 cells were injected into the vitreous cavity of nude mice at a dose of 4 µL/mouse to establish an animal model of RB. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR), Western blot analysis, a comet assay, a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry were used to measure the levels of the interrelated genes and proteins and to evaluate alterations in autophagy, apoptosis, proliferation, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. CTSB was found to be expressed at low levels in RB animal model samples and RB cell lines. Functionally, CTSB nuclear translocation promoted DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, ferroptosis and autophagy in Y79 cells and inhibited their proliferation. Downstream mechanistic studies showed that nuclear translocation of CTSB facilitates DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in RB cells by inhibiting breast cancer 1 protein (BRCA1) expression and also activates the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1 (STAT3/STING1) pathway to induce lysosomal stress, leading to ferroptosis and autophagy in Y79 cells and alleviating RB. Nuclear translocation of CTSB facilitates DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in RB cells by inhibiting BRCA1 expression and activating the STAT3/STING1 pathway and induces lysosomal stress, which eventually leads to ferroptosis and autophagy and mitigates RB.

AIM: To study the characteristics of new corneal biomechanical parameters in different degrees of myopia and analyze the correlation of the new parameter stress-strain index(SSI).METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 366 adult patients(718 eyes)with different degrees of myopia who received treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University from October 2021 to November 2021, aged 18-50 years, and the spherical equivalent(SE)was -0.50～-16.75D. The axial length(AL)of the eye was measured by IOL master, and the new corneal biomechanical parameters, central corneal thickness(CCT)and intraocular pressure(IOP)were measured by corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology(Corvis ST). The subjects were categorized into low myopia, moderate myopia and high myopia groups according to SE. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Pearson correlation.RESULTS: The ratio of the thinnest corneal thickness to horizontal thickness change rate(ARTh)and SSI were statistically significant(P<0.001), while the remaining parameters were not statistically significant(P>0.05). SSI was positively correlated with age(r=0.102, P=0.006), SE(r=0.361, P<0.001), IOP(r=0.175, P<0.001), CCT(r=0.098, P=0.009), SPA1(r=0.182, P<0.001), negatively correlated with AL(r=-0.331, P<0.001), IR(r=-0.545, P<0.001)and had no correlation with other corneal biomechanical parameters(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: With the increase of myopia degree and the elongation of the axial length, the SSI value becomes smaller and the corneal hardness decreases. SSI may be a helpful corneal biomechanical indicator for future research on myopia.

Objective: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the primary reason for blindness among the middle-aged and elderly. It can progress to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), a condition that is accompanied by retinal neovascularization as the disease worsens. Understanding the pathogenesis of PDR can facilitate the development of treatments. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement in the lncRNA MALAT1 (MALAT1)/miR-126-5p axis in modulating PDR progression. Methods: Rat retinal endothelial cells (RECs) was induced with 30 mM glucose to build an in vitro PDR model. MALAT1 was down-regulated using siRNA sequences, and miR-126-5p was upregulated with miRNA mimics. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were carried out to identify and validate the targeting relationship between MALAT1 and miR-126-5p. Angiogenesis, cell proliferation and cell migration were detected using tubule formation, CCK-8, and scratch assays, respectively. Western blots quantified angiogenesis- and migration-associated genes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), MMP2 and MMP9, while qPCR measured MALAT1 and miR-126-5p levels. Results: In high-glucose induced RECs, MALAT1 was up-regulated while miR-126-5p was down-regulated. The angiogenesis as well as the proliferation and migration capacities of high glucose-induced RECs were suppressed when MALAT1 was down-regulated or miR-126-5p was up-regulated, accompanied by reductions in VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP9. RNA immunoprecipitation assay confirmed that miR-126-5p could be enriched in MALAT1 sequences. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed the targeted inhibition of miR-126-5p by MALAT1. Downregulating miR-126-5p counteracted the effect of MALAT1 downregulation on RECs induced by high glucose. Conclusions: MALAT1 promotes PDR by inhibiting miR126-5p and inducing REC proliferation, migration and angiogenesis.

Background Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer worldwide. There is some evidence to suggest that major differences exist in treatment outcomes for children with retinoblastoma from different regions, but these differences have not been assessed on a global scale. We aimed to report 3-year outcomes for children with retinoblastoma globally and to investigate factors associated with survival. Methods We did a prospective cluster-based analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between Jan 1,2017, and Dec 31,2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years. Patients were recruited from 260 specialised treatment centres worldwide. Data were obtained from participating centres on primary and additional treatments, duration of follow-up, metastasis, eye globe salvage, and survival outcome. We analysed time to death and time to enucleation with Cox regression models. Findings The cohort included 4064 children from 149 countries. The median age at diagnosis was 23.2 months (IQR 11.0-36.5). Extraocular tumour spread (cT4 of the cTNMH classification) at diagnosis was reported in five (0.8%) of 636 children from high-income countries, 55 (5.4%) of 1027 children from upper-middle-income countries, 342 (19. 7%) of 1738 children from lower-middle-income countries, and 196 (42.9%) of 457 children from low-income countries. Enudeation surgery was available for all children and intravenous chemotherapy was available for 4014 (98.8%) of 4064 children. The 3-year survival rate was 99.5% (95% CI 98.8-100.0) for children from high-income countries, 91.2% (89.5-93.0) for children from upper-middle-income countries, 80.3% (78.3-82.3) for children from lower-middle-income countries, and 57.3% (524-63-0) for children from low-income countries. On analysis, independent factors for worse survival were residence in low-income countries compared to high-income countries (hazard ratio 16.67; 95% CI 4.76-50.00), cT4 advanced tumour compared to cT1 (8.98; 4.44-18.18), and older age at diagnosis in children up to 3 years (1.38 per year; 1.23-1.56). For children aged 3-7 years, the mortality risk decreased slightly (p=0.0104 for the change in slope). Interpretation This study, estimated to include approximately half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017, shows profound inequity in survival of children depending on the national income level of their country of residence. In high-income countries, death from retinoblastoma is rare, whereas in low-income countries estimated 3-year survival is just over 50%. Although essential treatments are available in nearly all countries, early diagnosis and treatment in low-income countries are key to improving survival outcomes. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on the proliferation, apoptosis, and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways of retinoblastoma Y79 cells to explore the possible mechanism of action of PNS on retinoblastoma. The effects of PNS and carboplatin on the proliferation of Y79 cells were examined using cell counting kit-8 assay. And the apoptosis rate, the mRNA and protein levels of apoptosis-related genes and the expression of PI3K/AKT pathway protein were assessed. PNS effectively inhibited the proliferation (P < 0.05) and increased apoptosis of Y79 cells (P < 0.05). Compared with the negative control, the Y79 cells treated with PNS had significantly increased (P < 0.05) mRNA and protein expression of Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 and elevated levels of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-9 proteins (P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein expression of the apoptosis suppressor gene Bcl-2 was inhibited (P < 0.05), while the Bax/Bcl-2 values of the cells in the drug group were significantly higher than those in the negative group (P < 0.01). After treatment with PNS, the total protein expression of PI3K and AKT1 in the Y79 cells did not show significant differences compared with the negative group (P > 0.05), although the expression of phosphorylated proteins p-PI3K, p-AKT (Thr308), p-AKT (Ser473), and p-mTOR were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the antagonist protein of the pathway phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression was increased (P < 0.01). Cellular alterations following inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway using LY294002 were similar to those of PNS, the proliferation of Y79 cells was also inhibited, and cell apoptosis increased (P < 0.001). The expression of Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and activation proteins cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-9 was also significantly higher than that in the negative control (P < 0.05). Bcl-2 protein expression was decreased (P < 0.01), and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was higher than that in the negative control (P < 0.001). Overall, we demonstrated that PNS effectively inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of retinoblastoma Y79 cells. The apoptosis-promoting effect of PNS may involve the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, which subsequently regulates the expression of apoptosis-related genes.

例1 男性,14 岁.患者出生时发现双颜面及颈部大片红斑,面部及唇皮肤肥厚(图 1A ).1 岁半时有癫痫发作史,曾外院诊断为"Sturge-Weber综合征",1 年前无明显诱因下觉双眼视物不清、眼胀、眼红.查体:右眼最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA ):HM/10 cm,左眼:-1. 50 DS/-1. 0 DC ×180°→1. 0.

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a highly aggressive ocular tumor, and due to socioeconomic and medical constraints, many children receive treatment only in the metaphase and advanced clinical stages, resulting in high rates of blindness and disability. Although several approaches exist in the treatment of RB, some children with the disease do not have satisfactory results because of various factors. Plant-derived natural products have shown definite therapeutic effects in the treatment of various tumors and are also widely used in the study of RB. We review plant-derived natural products used in the study of anti-RB to provide ideas for the clinical application of these drugs and the development of new therapeutic drugs.

背景:眼科领域许多疾病因缺乏有效的供体及组织重建的材料,目前的治疗效果并不理想.目的:通过查阅已发表的文献,对脱细胞材料的来源进行总结,并对在眼科临床和基础研究中使用脱细胞材料的文献进行分析,以促进脱细胞组织材料在眼科的有效应用.方法:以"脱细胞技术"分别与"角膜、结膜、泪腺、眼睑、泪小管、小梁网、视网膜、巩膜、眼眶"组合检索万方数据库、中国知网数据库,以"acellular,decellularized"分别与"cornea,conjunctiva,lacrymal gland,eyelid,lacrymal drainage,trabecular meshwork,retina,sclera,orbial"组合检索PubMed数据库,检索时间范围设置为2014年1月至2020年8月,最终纳入文献56篇,其中英文49篇、中文7篇.结果 与结论:①当前眼科使用的脱细胞组织的有多种的来源,大致可以分为人源性、动物源性及体外细胞培养后脱细胞基质3类;②眼科疾病的重建和修复治疗中使用脱细胞组织材料可以取得较好的临床效果,能挽救部分盲人的视力;③通过脱细胞支架联合受体细胞移植获取含有活性细胞的植片,是未来眼科再生医学治疗的一个新方向;④脱细胞材料应用过程中发现一些不足,如适应时间较长、移植片溶解及收缩、细胞化不完全等.

缺氧是中晚期视网膜母细胞瘤(retinoblastoma,RB)发生率非常高的微环境改变,缺氧调节的主要因子低氧诱导因子-1α(Hypoxia inducible factors-1α,HIF-1α)在RB的肿瘤生物学方面发挥着关键作用.因此,HIF-1α在RB肿瘤生物学中的作用研究是开发新的抗RB药物及治疗的重点所在,本文对HIF-1α在RB肿瘤生物学方面的作用及基于HIF-1α抗RB研究的方面做一综述,为RB的治疗寻找新的方向.

目的:整合临床医学专业课程,建立以器官系统为中心的课程体系.方法:通过总结和借鉴国内外相关经验,建设我校以器官系统为中心的临床医学专业新课程体系.结果:通过8年实践和不断完善,初步建立的以器官系统为中心的临床医学本科课程体系,在教学团队建设、课程建设、PBL教学和教材建设等方面取得较好的效果.结论:通过集体备课、强化形成性考核、PBL教学、教材建设、教学团队建设等方式能有效地推动以器官系统为中心的课程体系建设.

目的 探讨两步吸除法在LASEK手术中应用的临床效果. 方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年1月在大理大学第一附属医院行LASEK手术的120例近视患者的临床资料,共240眼,同一患者双眼按术中吸除乙醇方式不同分为两组:一眼采用直接吸除乙醇溶液(直接吸除组,120例120眼),另一眼通过两步吸除法吸除乙醇溶液(两步吸除组,120例120眼).记录并比较患者两眼术后疼痛评分、上皮愈合时间、术后裸眼视力(UCVA)、角膜HAZE程度. 结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术,术中、术后无明显并发症发生.两步吸除组术后第1d及第2d疼痛评分均低于直接吸除组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);至术后第3 d两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组术后上皮愈合时间以及术后1周、1个月、3个月裸眼视力比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后3个月两组HAZE 2级发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 采用两步吸除法吸除乙醇溶液与传统直接吸除法术后上皮恢复时间及视力恢复相近,但在减少术后疼痛、降低术后HAZE的发生方面有优势,可以取得更为满意的临床效果.

目的:探讨以岗位胜任能力和执业医师资格考试要求为核心的医学人才培养模式.方法:总结7年以来我校医学人才培养模式实践经验.结果:通过学生、用人单位反馈及成绩对比分析,人才培养模式改革后,执业医师考试通过率明显提高,学生综合能力得到用人单位高度认可.结论:构建以岗位胜任能力和执业医师资格考试要求为核心的医学人才培养模式有利于提高执业医师考试通过率和学生综合素质.

AIM:To explore the effect of the Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) polysaccharide on the proliferation and apoptosis of human retinoblastoma (RB) Y79 cells and its mechanism.METHODS:The refined A. paniculata polysaccharide was obtained using techniques such as water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and decompression concentration. The inhibition effect of the A. paniculata polysaccharide on the proliferation of Y79 cells was detected by cell proliferation assay. Flow cytometry was used for the detection of cell apoptosis rate and cycle change. Real-time qunatitative polymerase chain reaction (RT qPCR)and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of cell apoptosis signal pathway-related factors (caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9) and cell cycle signal pathway-related factors (CDK1 and cyclinB1) at the transcriptional and translational levels.RESULTS:Infrared and ultraviolet spectrum scanning showed that the extracted drug was a polysaccharide with high purity. After being treated with different concentrations of A. paniculata polysaccharide for different periods of time, the Y79 cells showed different degrees of proliferation inhibition. Flow cytometric observations showed that the cell apoptosis rate and the proportion of cells blocked in the G2/M phase were significantly increased after A. paniculata polysaccharide treatment. Further analysis revealed that the mRNA and protein expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 in the A. paniculata polysaccharide treatment groups increased significantly compared with that in the control groups, while the expression of CDK1 and cyclinB1 decreased significantly.CONCLUSION:The A. paniculata polysaccharide could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of Y79 cells. Its possible mechanism is via the upregulation of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 expression in the cell apoptotic signaling pathway and the downregulation of CDK1 and cyclinB1 expression in the cell cycle signaling pathway.

In recent years, nano anti-cancer drugs have been of great importance in research for treating malignant tumors. Rosiglitazone regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of cancer cells. However, the role and mechanism of rosiglitazone gold nanoparticles in human retinoblastoma remains unclear. To investigate this, we treated retinoblastoma cells with different concentrations of rosiglitazone gold nanoparticles. We measured the proliferation and apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells via cell counting kit 8, flow cytometry, and western blotting for expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and Akt. Furthermore, PI3K inhibitors were used to explore whether rosiglitazone gold nanoparticles play a regulatory role through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Treatment with rosiglitazone gold nanoparticles significantly decreased the proliferation and apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells compared with untreated controls. Western blots showed that the nanoparticles significantly restrained activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway with the promotion of PPAR-gamma. Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway significantly weakened the antitumor effect mediated by rosiglitazone gold nanoparticles. Thus, these nanoparticles display antitumor effects in human retinoblastoma cancer cells and play a regulatory role by restraining the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

随着社会发展,全球近视患病率逐年上升.预计到2050年,全球近视患病率为50％.中国高中生和大学生近视患病率约为70％,近视导致的各种并发症已影响了健康人的正常生活.当代社会的近视发展呈低龄化[1].现从环境因素、家庭因素两大方面整理了近视发生的原因,为开展近视防控提供相关科学依据.