As offshore aquaculture expands globally, understanding how farming facilities integrate into and influence marine ecosystems is critical. This study evaluated the ecosystem functions of abalone raft culture in the Pingtan sea area, China, by employing an integrative framework that combined traditional sampling (gillnets and pots) with environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding. Surveys were conducted from March to August 2024 to compare fish diversity and community characteristics between a raft culture area (RA) and a control area (CA). Traditional surveys identified 35 fish species in the RA, significantly higher than the 27 species found in the CA. The dominant species in the RA were identified as Sebastiscus marmoratus and Siganus fuscescens. In the RA, both the Margalef richness (2.326) and Shannon-Wiener diversity (1.853) indices were significantly higher than those in the CA (P< 0.05), while the catch per unit effort (CPUE) for gillnets and pots increased by 25.7% and 33.0%, respectively. In parallel, eDNA metabarcoding detected 68 fish species across 12 orders and 41 families, successfully identifying key pelagic species such as Sardinella aurita and Clupanodon punctatus that were frequently missed by traditional gear. Alpha diversity analysis confirmed a significantly higher diversity level in the RA, and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) revealed a profound separation in community structure between the two habitats (P< 0.0001). These results demonstrate that abalone raft culture facilities significantly enhance fish diversity (as shown by eDNA and traditional surveys) and resource abundance (as indicated by higher CPUE in traditional surveys) by increasing habitat heterogeneity through physical structures and restructuring food webs via nutrient enrichment. These findings suggest that these facilities function as “de facto” artificial reefs, providing a scientific basis for the “aquaculture-ranching” integration model and offering a standardized monitoring paradigm for the ecological management of coastal aquaculture zones globally.

Environmental DNA methods have emerged as a promising tool in fish diversity studies and fishery management in various aquatic ecosystems. However, eDNA metabarcoding of fish communities in small hydropower dam reservoirs has received limited attention. In this study, we tested whether eDNA metabarcoding was an appropriate approach for the characterization of fish communities and fishery stock assessment by comparing its results with combined capture-based fishing methods and hydroacoustic surveys, which involved species detection and abundance/biomass evaluation. Our results indicated that the species detection performance of eDNA metabarcoding was basically similar to that of traditional capture-based fishing gear. However, it was also noteworthy that the eDNA method failed to cover all species detected by capture-based method, although some additional species were found. Besides, although we observed a significant correlation between site occurrence and sequence abundance for fishes, an effort to quantitatively establish a correlation between eDNA sequence counts and fish abundance/biomass was unsuccessful. Therefore, our study suggested that eDNA metabarcoding was an important supplementary tool to traditional capture-based fishing methods for the investigation and biomonitoring of fish diversity in small hydropower dam reservoirs. Further studies on the mechanisms of eDNA production, persistence, transportation and degradation in reservoirs might facilitate the interpretation of fish abundance and biomass from eDNA data.

根据2019年1月、4月、7月和10月四个季度10个站位定置张网调查资料,对福建三沙湾游泳动物的种类组成及季节变化进行分析研究.结果表明:调查共获得游泳动物209种,隶属于3门4纲19目73科144属,其中鱼类154种,甲壳类48种,头足类7种.游泳动物种类数以秋季出现最多,四个季节共同出现的种类有42种.鲈形目种类最多,其次是十足目.鱼类适温性以暖水性种类居多,占71.43％,暖温性种类次之(27.92％);生态类型以底层、近底层鱼类居多,两者合占75.97％.鹰爪虾(Trachypenaeus curvirostris)、大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)、棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)、红星梭子蟹(Portunus san-guinolentus)和日本(Charybdis japonica)等14个种类是三沙湾游泳动物的优势种类,季节性优势种居多.三沙湾定置张网调查渔业资源质量密度为111.09 kg/km2,尾数密度为13.72×103 ind./km2,均以夏季最高,春季最低.应该进一步加强对三沙湾渔业资源的合理利用和有效保护,同时重视对外来物种的监测.

基于2016年4月和10月闽南渔场渔业资源的专项调查数据,运用相对性重要指数、平均拥挤度指数、聚块指数、Cassie指标、Mrisita指数等方法分析闽南渔场游泳动物优势种组成及其种群聚集特性,比较不同的季节、类群和种类及其相互间的聚集状态,探究种群聚集驱动因子,旨在发现闽南渔场游泳动物优势种种群聚集的特征、内在规律和形成机制。结果表明,闽南渔场游泳动物优势种共17种,其中鱼类6种、虾类3种、蟹类4种、头足类4种;鱼类中六指马鲅（Polydactylus se-xfilis）聚集强度最强,头足类中火枪乌贼（Loligo beka）聚集强度最强;虾类和蟹类中春季以哈氏仿对虾（Parapenaeopsis hardwickii）和拥剑梭子蟹（Portunus gladiator）的聚集强度最强,而秋季以鹰爪虾（Trachypenaeus curvirostris）和日本蟳（Charybdis japonica）的聚集强度最强;鱼类、虾类、蟹类和头足类中春季分别以二长棘犁齿鲷（Evynnis cardinali）、鹰爪虾、三疣梭子蟹（P.trituberculatus）和火枪乌贼的平均拥挤度最高,而秋季分别以带鱼（Trichiurus lepturus）、鹰爪虾、拥剑梭子蟹和杜氏枪乌贼（Loligo duvaucelii）的平均拥挤度最高;闽南渔场游泳动物优势种的平均拥挤度呈现出秋季高于春季,虾类、蟹类种群聚集强度大于鱼类、头足类的特点。

2015年3月(春季)和10月(秋季)用110 kW、囊网网目30 mm桁杆单拖作业船于九龙江口海域10个调查站位,每个站位拖捕1网次,每次拖曳20 min,研究该海域渔业生物群落的种类组成、优势种、数量分布、多样性等特征,为九龙江口渔业资源可持续利用和管理、渔业资源承载力研究提供基础资料.调查结果表明,春、秋两季调查共捕获渔业生物种类114种,隶属18目48科81属,以热带和亚热带暖水性种为主,其区系属印度西太平洋区的中国 日本亚区;渔业生物种类更替率为68.4％,渔获物优势种(相对重要性指数＞1000)有脊尾白虾、凤鲚、日本蟳等8种,优势种类更替明显,经济种类占有较大比例,以生命周期短、中小型种类居多;春、秋两季渔获质量平均密度指数分别为167.43 kg/km2和163.36 kg/km2,渔获类群均以鱼类为主;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数平均为2.38,Margalef物种丰富度指数为4.64,Pielou均匀度指数为0.76,渔业生物群落丰度等具有较强的季节变化,多样性较历史数据有所下降.

[Objective]Studied and analyzed the quantitative distribution and population structure of P.hardwickii.[Method]The shrimp survey of four seasons was conducted in the outer-sea of Northeast Fujian (26°- 28° N,120°-125°30′ E) in May, August, November of 2008 and February of 2009.[Result]The catch of P.hardwickii accounted for 4.8％ of the total biomass of shrimp, and the total frequency was 22.4％. The average density index of total catch was 3.47 kg·km-2. The average density index of appearance station ranged from 0.04 to 60.11 kg·km-2, with an average of 15.50 kg·km-2. The quantity in August and November 2008 was higher with the total catch accounted for 35.6％ and 40％ respectively. The average density index of the catch was lower in February 2009 and May 2008 with.4.78 kg·km-2 and 5.56 kg·km-2 respectively The frequency of the survey station within 60 m depth was 100％, and the catch accounted for 73.4％ of the total catch. The average density index of the catch was 16.44 kg·km-2 and increased to 60.11 kg·km-2, the frequency of 60 to 80 m depth of water was 31.2％, the catch accounted for 23.7％ of the total catch, the average density index was5.97 kg·km-2, and the depth of water more than 100 m had no distribution. The body length varied between 32 and 119 mm with the dominant between 80 to 100 mm which occupying 54.8％; the average body length and weight of the female were 86.2 mm and 7.2 g, and the male were 66.5 mm and 3.1 g respectively. The female and male ratio was1︰0.11, the feeding intensity was slightly larger, the empty stomach and satiety rate were all low, the average feeding level was 1.62.[Conclusion]The spatial and temporal variation of the quantity distribution of P.hardwickii was obvious. This mainly occurred in summer and autumn, and the quantity of spring was very low. The spatial distribution is mainly inhabited by the offshore waters within 60 m depth. The fishing season was from February to May and August to November. To make suitable temperature and migrate to the deep water area was at the end of autumn and start of winter. The female was obvious larger than the male, and the quantity was more than the male. The average feeding intensity was slightly larger, and the average feeding intensity of different seasons and sexes was not significantly different. In order to comprehensively analyze the population structure and sustainable utilization of P.hardwickii, we should further strengthen the dynamic monitoring and collection of biological data on the resources.

根据2016年4月(春季)和10月(秋季)东山湾拖网定点调查资料,研究分析了东山湾渔业生物群落结构及其生物量分布特征.结果表明,调查共获取渔业生物128种,其中鱼类88种、虾类9种、蟹类19种、口足类4种、头足类8种,主要以暖水性种类为主;春季渔获物优势种为斑鰶(Clupanodon Punctatus)、黄吻棱鳀(Thrissa vitirostris)和短吻鲳(Leiognathus brevirostris)等3种,秋季则为日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)、青鳞小沙丁鱼(Sardinella zunasi)、食蟹豆齿鳗(Pisodonophis cancrivorus)、矛形梭子蟹(Portunus hastatoides)、黄吻棱鳀和赤鼻棱鳀(Thrissa kammalensis)等6种,优势种季节更替明显;春、秋季渔业生物群落质量平均资源密度指数分别为214.91 kg·km-2和265.19 kg·km-2,数量平均密度指数分别为12.51×103尾·km-2和12.02×103尾·km-2,渔业资源有衰减趋势;Margalef种类丰富度指数平均值为5.112,Shannon-Wiener种类多样性指数平均值为2.179,Pielou种类均匀度指数平均为0.635,春季均明显低于秋季,生物多样性处于较低水平.

本文在《资源环境承载能力监测预警技术方法(试行)》的基础上,结合渔业资源的特有属性和东山湾的实际情况,探讨并优化完善了东山湾渔业资源承载力评价技术指标体系和方法.根据2016年春季(4月)和秋季(11月)东山湾游泳动物和鱼卵、仔稚鱼调查资料,结合2012～ 2013年的调查数据进行综合评估,结果表明东山湾渔业资源承载状况已临界超载.针对目前东山湾渔业资源承载现状,提出了进一步加强渔业资源监测调查、生态环境保护和监督管理等预警措施,旨为东山湾渔业资源可持续利用提供理论依据,为进一步推进海洋资源承载力评估业务化和其他海湾的渔业资源承载力评价提供借鉴和技术支持.

In the current study,we analyzed the aggregation pattern of Parapenaeus fissuroides Crosnier in sea area in the northeast of Fujian based on pattern intensity index of the negative binomial parameter,Morisita index,mean crowding,poly block index,and diffusion coefficient.We also discuss the factors that affect pattern intensity and ecological significance of the pattern intensity indices.The aim of the study was to explore new aspects in the protection of the fishery resources for P.fissuroides Crosnier.In spring,its population primarily consisted of twelve patches,which showed dispersed population distribution and the second smallest poly block index.The population in spring had the smallest mean crowding,the largest average distance between individuals,and the biggest diffusion coefficient compared to that in other seasons.In summer,the population mainly consisted of four patches with most concentrated population distribution.The biggest poly block index,biggest mean crowding,smallest average distance between individuals,and smallest diffusion coefficient were observed.In autumn,the population primarily consisted of five patches with moderately concentrated population distribution.The second largest poly block index and mean crowding as well as the second smallest average distance between the individual diffusion coefficient were explored.In winter,the population primarily consisted of fourteen patches with highly dispersed population distribution,the smallest poly block index,the second smallest mean crowding,and the second largest average distance between individuals and diffusion coefficient.The negative binomial parameter and Morisita index were employed to characterize the aggregation intensity.When the Morisita index is greater and the negative binomial parameter is smaller,the aggregation intensity is stronger,and vice versa.Mean crowding provided a more actual representation of the average individual crowding degree compared with the average density.Mean crowding reflected the average individual crowded degree.When mean crowding was large,the inter-specific competition was intense,and average distance between individuals was smallest.The poly block index revealed the constitution of the population patches.When the poly block index was big,the population primarily consisted of a few patches,and vice versa.The diffusion coefficient reflected the diffusion degree.The bigger the diffusion coefficient,the greater was the significant spread of the population.The food zooplankton was the major factor influencing the pattern intensity,and the inter-specific competition was the major factor mediating diffusion degree of the Parapenaeus fissuroides Crosnier in the sea area northeast of Fujian.In this study,the population distribution pattern intensity simplified the research of school behavior,which reflect the aggregation intensity,poly block,mean crowding,inter-specific competition degree,and diffusion degree to meet the school behavior inherent law.

Atherosclerosis is one of the most common diseases in elderly and may lead to fatty liver, renal failure, myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases, and high cholesterol is one of the main factors causing atherosclerosis. So far, proven clinical lipid-lowering drugs for atherosclerosis are mainly statins and fibrates which have side effects on kidney and liver when used in long-term, hence the necessity to explore efficient but low-side effect drug candidate for atherosclerosis. The present study used a hypercholesterolemia mouse model to assess a wide spectrum of effects of chondroitin sulfate (CS) prepared from squid cartilage on lipid-lowering and anti-oxidation. The results showed that CS could control weight gain in mice, reduce liver index, coronary heart disease (R-CHD) value and atherosclerosis index (AI) and increase kidney index, indicating its potential in preventing atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Meanwhile, CS effectively reduced cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in both serum and liver, lowered levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in serum. Further investigation evidenced that CS enhanced the activities of liver lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hepatic lipase (HL), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). CS prepared from squid cartilage is an efficient therapeutic avenue to improve hyperlipidemia and could exert a preventive effect in fatty liver, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and other diseases due to its excellent lipid-lowering and antioxidant properties.

In this study, the population pattern intensity of Parapenaeus fissuroides Crosnier in the northeast Fujian sea area was investigated with the negative binomal parameters, average crowding degree and poly block indices. The Paper also further discusses the driving factors of the population pattern intensity. In spring, the population primarily consisted of small patches, population aggregation was low, and individual mean crowding was the lowest of the year. In summer, population aggregation and individual mean was highest. In fall, the population primarily consisted of a small number of large patches. In winter, population aggregation was the lowest. The zooplankton biomass (feed) and water temperature were the major factors affecting population aggregation.

根据2015年秋季对九龙江口开展的桁杆拖网船调查资料,研究分析了该海域游泳生物的种类组成、 分布特征、 群聚结构和多样性水平等.结果表明,2015年秋季调查海域渔获游泳生物共61种,其中鱼类种类最多,有42种;蟹类次之,有8种;虾类、 口足类和头足类分别有6种、3种和2种.渔获数量平均密度指数为518 ind/h,渔获重量平均密度指数为10.29 kg/h.主要渔获优势种类为凤鲚(Coilia mystus)、 哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hard-wickii)、 日本蟳(Charybdis japonica)、 中华管鞭虾(Solenocera crassicornis)等.游泳生物种类丰富度指数D分布范围为3.112~4.682,平均为3.921;种类多样性指数H′分布范围为1.814~2.674,平均为2.390;种类均匀度指数J′分布范围为0.606~0.921,平均为0.789,多样性指数处于中度水平.

Broth collected from cooking clams,Ruditapes philippinarum, was used as the starting material for a Maillard reaction preparation to develop a seafood flavoring base.Xylose was selected for the preparation aftera sensory comparison on the reaction products of different reducing sugars.ThepH of reaction liquid, D294of intermediate material, D420on browning development, and sensory scores of resulting product were monitored for evaluation.Using single factor experiments and orthogonal test, the optimized conditionsfor the process were determined to be 10% xylose addition at 110℃ for 70min.The broththus obtained was rich in the clam flavor suitable for developing a variety of seafood condiments.

The landscape elements with barycenter of fishing ground of kinetic energy were established based on the parameters of catch per unit effort( CPUE) of each fishing area and the distance between fishing center and each area from the special survey data of Paerargyrops edita Tanaka in Minnan-Taiwan Bank Fishing Ground during July 1998 to June 2000. Using landscape diversity index and factor analysis,we studied the space structure of Parargrops edita Tanaka' s landscape diversity and its relationship with marine environment factors. We also explored the interaction relationship between spatial distribution pattern and ecological processes,which revealed the ecological condition and spacial variability characteristics of Paerargyrops edita Tanaka in Minnan-Taiwan Bank Fishing Ground. Results are listed as follows:( 1) The distribution characteristics of fish population differed obviously in months: the fish population distributed most extensively in August,most equably in November,and most concentrated in February and December,while the fish population had thestrongest ability in occupying fishing ground in September.( 2) Different populations had various distribution characteristics: The reproductive population had the smallest distribution range and reproduced concentratedly; however, this population had weakest ability to occupy fishing ground. Juvenile fish had the smallest average distribution range and was well-distributed; however,they had the strongest ability to occupy fishing ground. Feeding stock distributed widely and uniformly and foraged dispersedly; they also had the strongest ability to occupy fishing ground; while during September to November fish group's average distribution range became smaller,and fish group concentrated gradually with weak ability to occupy fishing ground.( 3) The fish comprehensive landscape index referred to CPUE index with space structure,which reflected the CPUE of fish population from ecological levels; and the ranking was as follows: August,June,July, September,October,November,May,January,April,March,February and December.( 4) Diversity index,evenness index and dominance index indicated the distribution range,uniformity coefficient and space competitiveness of fish population,respectively. We observed a positive association between diversity index and evenness index.( 5) Water temperature was the main factor that affected the landscape uniformity; foraging was the major factor for enlarging fish population's landscape diversity and dominance,while reproduction factor was the important factor for reducing fish population's landscape diversity and dominance. Water temperature,foraging and reproduction were the main factors for the variations of landscape pattern of Paerargyrops edita Tanaka.

According to the shrimp survey data of four seasonal months in the northeast Fujian outer-sea（26°00′~28°00′N,120°00′~125°30′E） in May,August,November of 2008 and February of 2009,this paper studied and analyzed the quantitative distribution and biological characteristics of Trachypenaeus curvirostris.The results showed that the quantitative distribution was obvious different in the seasons and the waters.The population in August was the most and the ratio of catch in total crabs catch was 60.2%,the average density of resource was 614.5 g/h and 144.7 ind/h,while May was the less.The area of high biomass density occurs in the waters at depth of 60 m,the ratio of its catch in total crabs catch was 65.8%,and the average density of resource were 1119.2 g/h and 214.7 ind/h;the body length varied between 47 and 120 mm,the dominant were between 60 and 85 mm,occupying 68.6%;the female was obvious larger than the male with the sex ratio 1∶ 0.42,the average body weight was 6.4 g and 3.2 g respectively;the mature degree of the female was dominated by Ⅱ and Ⅲ stage,accounting for 44.7% and 43.8%;the feeding intensity was middling;the average resources capacity was 684 t.

Toxins in Nassarius gastropods during food intoxication event in Fujian Province in 2002 were studied.The toxin extracted from the gastropods was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry,and the result indicated that the toxin consisted of tetrodotoxin (TTX) and its derivatives,i.e,4-epiTTX,deoxyTTX,as well as anhydroTTX.The toxic equivalent of the toxins was also detected by the bioassay approach,and the results indicated that 15 gastropods were confirmed to be positive among 26 samples,the toxicity in samples ranged from 5.7 to 47.3 mouse units per gram (MU· g- 1).The gastropods with highest toxicity was collected from Fu'an on May 1,2003,which were consisted of two species,i.e.,Nassarius semiplicatus and a species not yet documented.

Based on the fisheries resources special investigations and monitoring carried out in Fujian sea waters from 1996 to 2008 and related data of fishery production statistics from 1990 to 2008,after the paperThe Analysis on Utilization Status of Fisheries Resources in Fujian Sea Area,this paper analyzed and discussed the states of marine fishing and existing problems in Fujian province,in order to provide some references for fisheries administrative department while integrating fisheries management system continuously.

Based on the data of fork length of Scomber japonicus caught in coastal waters of East China Sea and central southern Yellow Sea from May to December in 2007,and fisheries production statistics of East China Sea and Yellow Sea,the biomass of Scomber japonicus resources in the western East China Sea was evaluated by length-structure VPA method and its actual utilization structure and degree were analyzed.The results showed that the age structure of Scomber japonicus of the western East China Sea populations mainly were 0+ year fish (31.87%) and 1+ years fish (49.90%),the current annual resources was in number 3.68×109N and 39.55×104t in biomass,respectively.The fishery of Scomber japonicus was in the low to moderate degree,and maximum sustainable yield (MSY) is up to 24.08×104t.Catch of the year has exceeded MSY,and it can make the resource in a better state if fishing young fish is prohibited.By analyzing its utilization period and age structure of catches,it is suggested that the stock of Scomber japonicus in the western East China Sea could remain relatively steady,even though the annual yield had exceeded MSY.

The data about 65 parts of fishing records,9 batchs of catch samples(the total weight was 50.152kg),were collected from crab pot fishery boat which produced 155 days on sea,in 9 months from February to December in 2009.By species identification and catch sample analysis,the results showed that the total species of catches were 48,including 25 kinds of fishes,15 kinds of crAbs,3 kinds of cephalopod,2 kinds of snails,2 kinds of shrimps and one kind of squilla.Based on the weight proportion analyzing,crAbs accounted for 51.27 percentages,fishes 41.21 percentages,cephalopod 5.96 percentages,snails 0.92 percentages,squilla 0.57 percentages and shrimps 0.08 percentages.