Intercropping crops with flower strips is an effective management strategy for conserving biodiversity and promoting pest control in agricultural systems. However, few studies have evaluated whether intercropping flower strips improves biological pest control in tobacco fields. This study focused on understanding the fitness and selectiveness of the tobacco peach aphid Myzus persicae towards Nicotiana tabacum L. and Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. The results revealed that C. monnieri flower strips do not increase the risk of M. persicae outbreaks. Furthermore, a two-year field experiment was conducted in a field where tobacco was cultivated at five different distances from flower strips (0 m, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m and > 30 m as the control). The C. monnieri flower strips attracted seven important natural enemy species: three ladybeetles (Harmonia axyridis, Hippodamia variegata, and Propylaea japonica), three hoverflies (Eupeodes corollae, Episyrphus balteatus, and Sphaerophoria scripta), and one braconid (Aphidius gifuensis). The flower strips in the tobacco fields were beneficial because they promoted large populations of natural enemies and decreased the population size of M. persicae. When the tobacco plants were grown near the flower strips, the abundance of natural enemies increased, whereas the number of aphids decreased. Efficient pest suppression by intercropping 0.9-meter-wide C. monnieri flower strips was achieved as far as 5-10 m away from the strips in the tobacco fields. Our results suggest that intercropping C. monnieri is a promising strategy that could be implemented in tobacco fields.

BACKGROUND:Tobacco-peanut rotation is a common agricultural practice in the Shandong region of China. However, its specific benefits for pest suppression and control remain insufficiently investigated. RESULTS:The abundance of Aphis craccivora was significantly reduced under the tobacco-peanut (TP) rotation than under the peanut-peanut (PP) monoculture. Compared with the PP system, aphid abundance in the TP system on the peak dates (5 July 2024 and 9 July 2025) was reduced by 96.3% and 92.3%, respectively. Nicotine concentrations in both soil and peanut foliage were significantly higher in TP systems than in PP systems. Additionally, nicotine levels in peanut leaves under TP exhibited a progressive and significant increase throughout the growing season. Peanut leaves from the TP fields exhibited strong deterrent effects against Aphis craccivora, with stronger repellency at higher nicotine concentrations. Aphid survival on TP leaves was significantly lower than on PP leaves and exhibited a clear dose-dependent response. Moreover, the peanut pod maturity index and yield were significantly higher in TP fields than in PP fields, with peanut yield in TP fields being 12.8% higher than in PP fields. CONCLUSION:In TP rotation systems, the allelochemical nicotine is exuded from tobacco roots into the soil, subsequently absorbed by the following peanut crop, and ultimately enhances aphid resistance. The findings highlight the value of optimized crop rotations within integrated pest management (IPM) frameworks. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Long-term monoculture poses a substantial threat to the sustainable growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Crop rotation represents a sustainable and effective farming practice that alleviates some of the problems encountered in continuous cropping. However, few studies have investigated the changes that occur in the soil when cropping systems transition from monoculture to rotation. This study investigated plant biomass, soil physicochemical properties, and microbial community structure and functional pathways under distinct cropping systems. The rhizosphere soils of S.miltiorrhiza were sampled from three cropping systems: non-continuous cropping (SMNCC), continuous cropping (SMCC), and crop rotation (SMCR) with Nicotiana tabacum L. The results showed that continuous cropping significantly reduced the biomass of S. miltiorrhiza, while rotation with tobacco significantly increased its biomass. The soil pH and available potassium (AK) content under crop rotation were higher than those in soil under continuous cropping, while the AN content was lower. Compared with continuous cropping, rotation cropping with tobacco reshaped the soil microbial community structure, influencing taxa such as Nitrospirae and Glomeromycota. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that environmental factors were strong drivers of bacterial and fungal genera. The pathways involved in nitrogen metabolism were more active in the SMCC and SMCR soil samples. Moreover, crop rotation resulted in the reduced abundance of the denitrification-related gene (nosZ), which may result in nitrogen limitation in the field. In addition, the ammonia synthesis-related genes (hcp and cynS) and metabolism-related genes (AMO, CPS1, arcC, gudB, gdhA, glnA, and GLU) exhibited significant alterations in SMCC and SMCR soils. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into sustainable strategies for S. miltiorrhiza cultivation.

Strawberry is frequently attacked by mites, which directly affects the yield and quality of this fruit species. The WRKY Group III transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in plant tolerance to biotic sources of stress, such as pathogens and insect pests. In this study, six Group III WRKY TFs (FaWRKY25, FaWRKY31, FaWRKY32, FaWRKY43, FaWRKY44, and FaWRKY45) were identified in strawberry. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the six WRKY III TFs were divided into two clades and all had a conserved WRKYGQK domain and the C-X7-C-X23-H-T-C zinc finger motif. An interaction network analysis revealed that FaWRKY44 was co-expressing with FaWRKY25 and FaWRKY45. The expression patterns showed that the WRKY Group III genes responded to plant hormones and mite infestation in strawberry. To further verify the role of FaWRKY25 in plant resistance to mites, we cloned the FaWRKY25 gene and overexpressed it in transgenic plants. An in vivo subcellular localization analysis indicated that the FaWRKY25 protein was localized in the nucleus. Fewer mites were also detected on the wild-type plants than on FaWRKY25-overexpressing transgenic plants, suggesting that FaWRKY25 negatively regulates the resistance of strawberry to mites. The present study advances our understanding on a potential target that mites use to manipulate host plant defenses.

Drosophila suzukii is an important fruit pest of global significance. The combined application of insecticides and natural enemies can control D. suzukii efficiently and reduce chemical insecticide residues. The pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae has been evaluated for the biological control of D. suzukii. However, little is known about the toxicity of common insecticides to T. drosophilae. In this study, the toxicity of eight common insecticides to D. suzukii as well as the effects of semi-lethal and sublethal doses on T. drosophilae were evaluated. The eight insecticides had higher toxicities to D. suzukii larvae with lower LC50 values than those for adults. Adults and larvae were sensitive to emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, lambda-cyhalothrin, abamectin, and sophocarpidine. Based on the median lethal dose (LR50) and safety factor (SF) of insecticides, lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid were classified as medium risk and the other six insecticides were classified as low risk against T. drosophilae adults. Although these insecticides exhibited low toxicity to D. suzukii pupae, the exposure of pupae or larvae to chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, sophocarpidine, abamectin, azadirachtin, and spinetoram at semi-lethal and sublethal doses could decrease the parasitism or eclosion rate of T. drosophilae. These results improve our understanding of the effects of insecticide residues on T. drosophilae development and provide a basis for combined use of chemical and biological methods for the management of D. suzukii.

In recent years, the problems associated with continuous cropping (CC) that cause soil degradation have become increasingly serious. As a key soil quality property, dissolved organic matter (DOM) affects the circulation of carbon and nutrients and the composition of bacterial communities in soil. However, research on the changes in the molecular composition of DOM after CC is limited. In this study, the soil chemical properties, DOM chemical diversity, bacterial community structure, and their interactions are explored in the soil samples from different CC years (CC1Y, CC3Y, CC5Y, and CC7Y) of tobacco. With increasing CC year of tobacco, most of the soil chemical properties, such as total carbon, total nitrogen and organic matter, decreased significantly, while dissolved organic carbon first decreased and then increased. Likewise, the trends of DOM composition differed with changing duration of CC, such as the tannin compounds decreased from 18.13 to 13.95%, aliphatic/proteins increased from 2.73 to 8.85%. After 7 years of CC, the soil preferentially produced compounds with either high H/C ratios (H/C > 1.5), including carbohydrates, lipids, and aliphatic/proteins, or low O/C ratios (O/C < 0.1), such as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Furthermore, core microorganisms, including Nocardioides, wb1-P19, Aquabacterium, Methylobacter, and Thiobacillus, were identified. Network analysis further indicated that in response to CC, Methylobacter and Thiobacillus were correlated with the microbial degradation and transformation of DOM. These findings will improve our understanding of the interactions between microbial community and DOM in continuous cropping soil.

The pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) has been evaluated as a biological agent of Drosophila suzukii. Integrated pest management strategies mostly rely on combined application of multiple insecticides and natural enemies. This study assessed the toxicity of eight common insecticides against D. suzukii in fruit orchards and the effects of semilethal and sublethal doses on T. drosophilae. The eight insecticides had higher toxicities to D. suzukii larvae with lower LC50 values than those for adults. Adults and larvae showed high susceptibility to emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, lambda-cyhalothrin, abamectin, and sophocarpidine. The median lethal doses (LC50) of lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid to T. drosophilae adults were 60.41 mg/L and 100.58 mg/L, higher than the toxicities of the other six insecticides. Applying chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, sophocarpidine, abamectin, azadirachtin, and spinetoram resulted in low toxicity to D. suzukii pupae. However, the exposure of D. suzukii pupae or larvae to these insecticides at semilethal and sublethal doses decreased the parasitism or eclosion rate of T. drosophilae. These results improve our understanding of the effects of insecticide residues on T. drosophilae development and provide a basis for the combined use of chemical and biological options for managing D. suzukii.

As an important fruit pest of global significance, Drosophila suzukii occupies a special ecological niche, with the characteristics of high sugar and low protein contents. This niche differs from those occupied by other fruit-damaging Drosophila species. Gut bacteria substantially impact the physiology and ecology of insects. However, the contribution of gut microbes to the fitness of D. suzukii in their special ecological niche remains unclear. In this study, the effect of Klebsiella oxytoca on the development of D. suzukii was examined at physiological and molecular levels. The results showed that, after the removal of gut microbiota, the survival rate and longevity of axenic D. suzukii decreased significantly. Reintroduction of K. oxytoca to the midgut of D. suzukii advanced the development level of D. suzukii. The differentially expressed genes and metabolites between axenic and K. oxytoca-reintroduced D. suzukii were enriched in the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism. This advancement was achieved through an increased glycolysis rate and the regulation of the transcript level of key genes in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. Klebsiella oxytoca is likely to play an important role in increasing host fitness in their high-sugar ecological niche by stimulating the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. As a protein source, bacteria can also provide direct nutrition for D. suzukii, which depends on the quantity or biomass of K. oxytoca. This result may provide a new target for controlling D. suzukii by inhibiting sugar metabolism through eliminating the effect of K. oxytoca and thus disrupting the balance of gut microbial communities.

While virus-vector-crop interactions have received considerable attention, free-living plants growing in cultivated areas ('weeds') can also serve as viral reservoirs. Although weed-to-crop transmission is well documented, less is known about crop-to-weed transmission and how the interplay between the two plant groups affects disease dynamics. We explored reciprocal viral transmission of Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) between tomatoes and ToCV-susceptible weeds by Bemisia tabaci MED. A field survey assessed Bemisia density and ToCV titer in virus-susceptible weeds; a parallel experiment demonstrated that their removal reduced ToCV infection in tomatoes. Weeds growing far from greenhouses had lower rates of ToCV infection than greenhouse-adjacent ones, suggesting reciprocal crop-weed viral exchange. While Bemisia preferred tomato over weeds, vector density and viral infection of near-greenhouse populations of the dominant weed Amaranthus retroflexus increased following tomato harvest. ToCV infection altered volatile production in A. retroflexus; the Bemisia-attractant compound neophytadiene increased 26-fold in infected plants. Because temperatures increase over the growing season, we also explored the relationship between temperature, neophytadiene levels, and whitefly preference: plants grown at higher temperatures produced more neophytadiene and were preferred by whiteflies. We also assessed volatile production and jasmonic acid levels in control A. retroflexus versus those previously fed upon by either virus-free or viruliferous Bemisia. The largest shifts occurred in plants fed upon by viruliferous whiteflies, demonstrating that ToCV rather than Bemisia feeding explained the observed changes. Our results suggest that post-harvest viral transfer from crops to weeds may play an important role in driving disease outbreaks the following season and identify some simple but effective ways of reducing transmission into weedy plant species.

Continuous cropping of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) may lead to soil degradation. As a soil conditioner, microbial agent has great potential in improving soil function and enhancing plant growth. In this study, we aimed to explore how microbial agent relieves the soil sickness of watermelon by analyzing watermelon performance, soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structures. Results suggested that microbial agent treatments significantly changed the photosynthetic efficiency of upper and lower leaves, which helped improve the growth of watermelon. The single fruit weight, fruit sugar degree and total phosphorus of soil following treatment with a mixture of Paecilomyces lilacinus DZ910 and Bacillus subtilis KC1723 (treatment D_K) were higher than those in single biofertilizer treatments and control. The soil microbial community under microbial agent treatments also changed significantly, indicating the feasibility of using microbial agents as soil remediations. The proportions of Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium, changed significantly after using microbial agents. Pseudomonas increased significantly after B. subtilis KC1723 and D_K treatments, while Flavobacterium increased significantly after using all three kinds of microbial agents compared to control. Increases in these bacteria were positively correlated with agronomic variables of watermelon. The fungi Aspergillus and Neocosmospora in the soil, which create an soil sickness of watermelon, decreased after KC1723 and D_K treatments. Meanwhile, Aspergillus and Neocosmospora were positively related to Myceliophthora incidence and negatively correlated with watermelon growth (single fruit weight and photosynthetic efficiency of upper leaves). Our microbial agent, especially D_K, represents a useful technique for alleviating soil sickness in watermelon.

Background Strawberries are an important economic fruit crop world-wide. In strawberry cultivation, continuous cropping (CC) can seriously threaten yield and quality. However, our understanding of the gene expression changes in response to CC and during subsequent defense processes is limited. In this study, we analyzed the impact of CC on the transcriptome of strawberry roots using RNA-Seq technology to elucidate the effect of CC and the subsequent molecular changes. Results We found that CC significantly affects the growth of strawberry plants. The transcriptome analysis identified 136 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 49 up-regulated and 87 down-regulated DEGs. A Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the up-regulated DEGs were mainly assigned to defense-related GO terms, and most down-regulated DEGs were assigned to nutrient-related GO terms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the responsive DEGs were classified in a large number of important biological pathways, such as phenylalanine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism and plant-pathogen interaction. We also found that four WRKY transcription factors and three peroxidase genes involved in plant defense pathways were up-regulated in the roots of strawberry plants subjected to CC. Conclusion Several unigenes involved in plant defense processes, such as CNGCs , WRKY transcription factors, PR1 , and peroxidase genes with highly variable expression levels between non-CC and CC treatments may be involved in the regulation of CC in strawberry. These results indicate that strawberry roots reallocate development resources to defense mechanisms in response to CC. This study will further deepen our understanding of the fundamental regulatory mechanisms of strawberry resource reallocation in response to CC.

为了解大葱葱蓟马和甜菜夜蛾发生情况,提高防治效率,本试验对葱蓟马和甜菜夜蛾的发生动态进行调查,并探究物理诱集技术,为大葱绿色生产提供理论依据.结果表明,大葱定植期正是葱蓟马危害期,6月下旬—7月中旬和9月中旬是葱蓟马发生高峰期,大葱甜菜夜蛾的危害高峰期主要发生在7月上旬—7月中旬和9月上旬—9月中旬;葱蓟马日活动规律呈双峰曲线,高峰分别在9:00—11:00和15:00—17:00,甜菜夜蛾日活动高峰为19:00至次日7:00,诱集占比高达90.18％;蓝板诱集结果显示,蓝板底端距离大葱顶端0 cm时诱集葱蓟马数量最多;性信息素诱集试验结果表明,性诱芯悬挂10 d时诱集甜菜夜蛾的效果最好.因此,大葱生产过程中可以根据田间葱蓟马和甜菜夜蛾的发生动态,合理调整施药时间,并结合物理诱集技术,全面保障大葱绿色安全生产.

一、技术要点 本技术组建了以"清棚、净苗、隔离、监控、天敌持控、化学调控"为主体的设施蔬菜主要害虫农药减量化防控技术体系. (一)核心技术 1.定植前清洁净化技术 防虫网阻隔技术:蔬菜定植前,日光温室前侧通风口和顶部通风口、拱圆大棚两侧通风口可以设置40目或60目的防虫网,用于阻断外界害虫的进入;设施入口处设双层防虫网,提高对害虫的阻断效果. 穴盘浸根除虫:蔬菜定植前,用内吸性药剂25％噻虫嗪水分散粒剂3000倍等浸根4小时,防治苗期害虫的发生与危害.

为了筛选出对烟粉虱和烟蚜防治具有共同增效作用的桶混药剂组合,采用浸叶法测定鱼藤酮分别与噻虫胺、噻虫啉和噻虫嗪桶混后对烟粉虱和烟蚜的联合毒力,通过共毒系数筛选出效果较好的桶混组合,然后进行烟粉虱和烟蚜的田间药效试验.结果显示,12组桶混组合对烟粉虱有增效作用和6组桶混组合对烟蚜有增效作用,其中5组桶混组合对烟粉虱和烟蚜具有共同增效作用.当鱼藤酮与噻虫胺按有效成分3∶20、14∶25和13∶25,与噻虫嗪按有效成分63∶10和133∶1配比时,对烟粉虱和烟蚜同时具有增效作用.田间药效试验结果显示,6％鱼藤酮微乳剂与20％噻虫胺悬浮剂桶混,药后1、3、7、10天对烟粉虱和烟蚜的防治效果分别在70％、90％、92％、88％以上;6％鱼藤酮微乳剂与25％噻虫嗪水分散粒剂桶混,药后1、3、7、10天对烟粉虱和烟蚜的防治效果分别达到74％、86％、91％、90％以上,其速效性优于6％鱼藤酮微乳剂的防治效果,持效性优于化学杀虫剂的防治效果.鱼藤酮与3种新烟碱类杀虫剂桶混增效作用显著,为烟粉虱和烟蚜的田间农药减量化防控提供了理论基础.

为明确番茄褪绿病毒(ToCV)对其传毒介体烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci主要生物学特性的影响,本文研究了携带ToCV的Q型烟粉虱在非病毒寄主植物棉花Gossypium spp上的生物学指标,并测定了带毒和无毒烟粉虱主要保护酶和解毒酶活性.结果 表明,在棉花植株上,带毒烟粉虱在发育历期、产卵量、成虫寿命方面与无毒烟粉虱无显著差异,但雌虫体长明显短于无毒烟粉虱.相对于无毒烟粉虱,带毒烟粉虱体内过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性明显提高,是无毒烟粉虱的3.36倍(P ＜0.001),超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性无显著差异.解毒酶中,带毒烟粉虱羧酸酯酶(carboxylesterase,CarE)活性明显下降,是无毒烟粉虱活性的54％,谷胱甘肽S转移酶(glutathione-s-transferase,GST)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholin esterase,ACHE)活性无显著差异.

水分是影响韭菜迟眼蕈蚊生长发育的重要因子,为明确浸水对该虫的防治潜能,为田间防治提供理论依据,本试验就不同浸水时间对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊卵和2龄、3龄、4龄幼虫及蛹的致死效果和生长发育的影响进行研究.结果表明,浸水胁迫对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊卵基本无致死效果;随着胁迫时间延长,幼虫的死亡率逐渐升高,致死率随着虫龄增大逐渐降低,2龄、3龄、4龄幼虫的LT50分别为100.106、156.765、208.833 h;浸水胁迫对蛹的致死率最高,胁迫48 h的死亡率达100％;不同浸水时间对存活幼虫的化蛹及成虫羽化无显著影响;随浸水时间的增加,蛹的羽化率逐渐降低,胁迫24 h后,蛹羽化率降低至38.33％,但不影响存活蛹羽化成虫单雌的产卵力.因此田间可以在蛹期和低龄幼虫时期实施浸水胁迫,以降低虫口密度.

为明确韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在胡萝卜上的发生规律,于2018、2019年采用挖根调查和粘虫板诱集调查法,系统调查了露地和大棚胡萝卜上韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫和成虫的发生情况.调查结果表明:韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在露地和大棚胡萝卜田的始发虫态为成虫,主要发生在春、秋两季,此间的土壤温湿度适宜韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的发生,春季4—5月发生2代,大棚发生时间较露地发生时间早;秋季10—11月发生1代.

为评价螟黄赤眼蜂山东烟田品系对烟草棉铃虫的控害潜能,室内开展了其对烟草棉铃虫的寄生作用研究.结果 表明,在供试温度下螟黄赤眼蜂寄生功能反应符合模型HollingⅡ型.棉铃虫卵密度对螟黄赤眼蜂的寄生作用有明显影响,在相同温度下螟黄赤眼蜂的寄生量随着棉铃虫卵的增加而增大,但搜寻效应随着棉铃虫卵的增加而降低.螟黄赤眼蜂对棉铃虫卵的寄生量在16～26℃范围内随着温度的升高而增加,而在26～31℃范围内则随着温度的升高而降低.在相同棉铃虫卵密度条件下,随着螟黄赤眼蜂密度的增大,其平均寄生量逐渐减少,寄生作用率E也相应地降低,寄生作用率E与螟黄赤眼蜂密度P的关系为E=0.3371 P-0.5342.螟黄赤眼蜂对棉铃虫卵的寄生量在其羽化后0～72 h时较高,棉铃虫卵龄为3～24 h时被寄生量较高.

本研究采用浸渍法测定4种微生物杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾的室内毒力,并进行防治大葱甜菜夜蛾的田间药效试验.室内测定结果表明,4种微生物杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾的毒力顺序为:甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒>金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421>苏云金杆菌>球孢白僵菌,其中甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒、金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421对甜菜夜蛾的室内毒力较高,LC50值分别为11.145、128.249 mg/L.田间试验结果表明,666.7m2 80 亿孢子/毫升金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421可分散油悬浮剂用量50、60 mL,16 000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂用量80、100 g,300亿PIB/克甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒水分散粒剂用量3.5、5.0 g,药后10 d的校正防效均可达90％以上,持效性较好.

为筛选出高效、低毒杀虫剂以防治甜菜夜蛾,采用浸渍法测定几种杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾的室内毒力及田间药效试验.室内测定结果表明,几种杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾的毒力顺序为:甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐＞茚虫威＞氯虫苯甲酰胺,其中甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、茚虫威对甜菜夜蛾的室内毒力较高,其LC50值分别为0.067、1.806 mg/L.田间试验结果表明,1.5％甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油制剂用量分别为112.5、150.0、187.5 mL/hm2,药后3、7、10天更正防效达85％以上;5％氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂制剂用量分别为450、675、900 rnL/hm2,药后3、7、10天更正防效达80％以上;150 g/L茚虫威乳油制剂用量分别为450、525 mL/hm2,药后7、10天更正防效达85％以上.因此,生产上可推广应用.