Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a dominant fruit fly in vineyards and contributes to the exacerbation of grape sour rot, yet it is often neglected in pest management. Effective biocontrol of D. melanogaster in vineyards depends on identifying optimal parasitoid wasps. Therefore, this study evaluated the biocontrol potential of Trichopria drosophilae (Diapridae) and Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Pteromalidae) by combining field occurrence surveys, laboratory heat tolerance assays, and field release trials. Results showed that D. melanogaster was the dominant fruit fly species in vineyard ecosystems, and its primary parasitoid wasp, P. vindemmiae, exhibited a peak occurrence period during the hot month of August. Laboratory experiments revealed that elevated temperatures reduced survival, developmental performance, and fecundity in both P. vindemmiae and T. drosophilae. Notably, adult P. vindemmiae maintained a higher survival rate than T. drosophilae following 24-hour exposure to high temperatures ranging from 32.5 to 42.5 degrees C. Under hightemperature conditions, P. vindemmiae also produced more offsprings than T. drosophilae, alongside key adaptive traits: a shortened mean generation time and a higher female ratio. These traits collectively enable P. vindemmiae to dominate vineyard habitats and outcompete T. drosophilae during hot seasons. Artificial releases of T. drosophilae and P. vindemmiae significantly enhanced D. melanogaster parasitism rates in vineyards, with P. vindemmiae achieving far higher parasitism efficiency than T. drosophilae. These findings underscore the su-perior thermotolerance of P. vindemmiae and reinforce its potential as a biological control agent for D. melanogaster in vineyards, especially during hot periods.

Intercropping crops with flower strips is an effective management strategy for conserving biodiversity and promoting pest control in agricultural systems. However, few studies have evaluated whether intercropping flower strips improves biological pest control in tobacco fields. This study focused on understanding the fitness and selectiveness of the tobacco peach aphid Myzus persicae towards Nicotiana tabacum L. and Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. The results revealed that C. monnieri flower strips do not increase the risk of M. persicae outbreaks. Furthermore, a two-year field experiment was conducted in a field where tobacco was cultivated at five different distances from flower strips (0 m, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m and > 30 m as the control). The C. monnieri flower strips attracted seven important natural enemy species: three ladybeetles (Harmonia axyridis, Hippodamia variegata, and Propylaea japonica), three hoverflies (Eupeodes corollae, Episyrphus balteatus, and Sphaerophoria scripta), and one braconid (Aphidius gifuensis). The flower strips in the tobacco fields were beneficial because they promoted large populations of natural enemies and decreased the population size of M. persicae. When the tobacco plants were grown near the flower strips, the abundance of natural enemies increased, whereas the number of aphids decreased. Efficient pest suppression by intercropping 0.9-meter-wide C. monnieri flower strips was achieved as far as 5-10 m away from the strips in the tobacco fields. Our results suggest that intercropping C. monnieri is a promising strategy that could be implemented in tobacco fields.

BACKGROUND:Tobacco-peanut rotation is a common agricultural practice in the Shandong region of China. However, its specific benefits for pest suppression and control remain insufficiently investigated. RESULTS:The abundance of Aphis craccivora was significantly reduced under the tobacco-peanut (TP) rotation than under the peanut-peanut (PP) monoculture. Compared with the PP system, aphid abundance in the TP system on the peak dates (5 July 2024 and 9 July 2025) was reduced by 96.3% and 92.3%, respectively. Nicotine concentrations in both soil and peanut foliage were significantly higher in TP systems than in PP systems. Additionally, nicotine levels in peanut leaves under TP exhibited a progressive and significant increase throughout the growing season. Peanut leaves from the TP fields exhibited strong deterrent effects against Aphis craccivora, with stronger repellency at higher nicotine concentrations. Aphid survival on TP leaves was significantly lower than on PP leaves and exhibited a clear dose-dependent response. Moreover, the peanut pod maturity index and yield were significantly higher in TP fields than in PP fields, with peanut yield in TP fields being 12.8% higher than in PP fields. CONCLUSION:In TP rotation systems, the allelochemical nicotine is exuded from tobacco roots into the soil, subsequently absorbed by the following peanut crop, and ultimately enhances aphid resistance. The findings highlight the value of optimized crop rotations within integrated pest management (IPM) frameworks. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Long-term monoculture poses a substantial threat to the sustainable growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Crop rotation represents a sustainable and effective farming practice that alleviates some of the problems encountered in continuous cropping. However, few studies have investigated the changes that occur in the soil when cropping systems transition from monoculture to rotation. This study investigated plant biomass, soil physicochemical properties, and microbial community structure and functional pathways under distinct cropping systems. The rhizosphere soils of S.miltiorrhiza were sampled from three cropping systems: non-continuous cropping (SMNCC), continuous cropping (SMCC), and crop rotation (SMCR) with Nicotiana tabacum L. The results showed that continuous cropping significantly reduced the biomass of S. miltiorrhiza, while rotation with tobacco significantly increased its biomass. The soil pH and available potassium (AK) content under crop rotation were higher than those in soil under continuous cropping, while the AN content was lower. Compared with continuous cropping, rotation cropping with tobacco reshaped the soil microbial community structure, influencing taxa such as Nitrospirae and Glomeromycota. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed that environmental factors were strong drivers of bacterial and fungal genera. The pathways involved in nitrogen metabolism were more active in the SMCC and SMCR soil samples. Moreover, crop rotation resulted in the reduced abundance of the denitrification-related gene (nosZ), which may result in nitrogen limitation in the field. In addition, the ammonia synthesis-related genes (hcp and cynS) and metabolism-related genes (AMO, CPS1, arcC, gudB, gdhA, glnA, and GLU) exhibited significant alterations in SMCC and SMCR soils. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into sustainable strategies for S. miltiorrhiza cultivation.

Strawberry is frequently attacked by mites, which directly affects the yield and quality of this fruit species. The WRKY Group III transcription factors (TFs) play an important role in plant tolerance to biotic sources of stress, such as pathogens and insect pests. In this study, six Group III WRKY TFs (FaWRKY25, FaWRKY31, FaWRKY32, FaWRKY43, FaWRKY44, and FaWRKY45) were identified in strawberry. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the six WRKY III TFs were divided into two clades and all had a conserved WRKYGQK domain and the C-X7-C-X23-H-T-C zinc finger motif. An interaction network analysis revealed that FaWRKY44 was co-expressing with FaWRKY25 and FaWRKY45. The expression patterns showed that the WRKY Group III genes responded to plant hormones and mite infestation in strawberry. To further verify the role of FaWRKY25 in plant resistance to mites, we cloned the FaWRKY25 gene and overexpressed it in transgenic plants. An in vivo subcellular localization analysis indicated that the FaWRKY25 protein was localized in the nucleus. Fewer mites were also detected on the wild-type plants than on FaWRKY25-overexpressing transgenic plants, suggesting that FaWRKY25 negatively regulates the resistance of strawberry to mites. The present study advances our understanding on a potential target that mites use to manipulate host plant defenses.

Drosophila suzukii is an important fruit pest of global significance. The combined application of insecticides and natural enemies can control D. suzukii efficiently and reduce chemical insecticide residues. The pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae has been evaluated for the biological control of D. suzukii. However, little is known about the toxicity of common insecticides to T. drosophilae. In this study, the toxicity of eight common insecticides to D. suzukii as well as the effects of semi-lethal and sublethal doses on T. drosophilae were evaluated. The eight insecticides had higher toxicities to D. suzukii larvae with lower LC50 values than those for adults. Adults and larvae were sensitive to emamectin benzoate, spinetoram, lambda-cyhalothrin, abamectin, and sophocarpidine. Based on the median lethal dose (LR50) and safety factor (SF) of insecticides, lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid were classified as medium risk and the other six insecticides were classified as low risk against T. drosophilae adults. Although these insecticides exhibited low toxicity to D. suzukii pupae, the exposure of pupae or larvae to chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, sophocarpidine, abamectin, azadirachtin, and spinetoram at semi-lethal and sublethal doses could decrease the parasitism or eclosion rate of T. drosophilae. These results improve our understanding of the effects of insecticide residues on T. drosophilae development and provide a basis for combined use of chemical and biological methods for the management of D. suzukii.

In recent years, the problems associated with continuous cropping (CC) that cause soil degradation have become increasingly serious. As a key soil quality property, dissolved organic matter (DOM) affects the circulation of carbon and nutrients and the composition of bacterial communities in soil. However, research on the changes in the molecular composition of DOM after CC is limited. In this study, the soil chemical properties, DOM chemical diversity, bacterial community structure, and their interactions are explored in the soil samples from different CC years (CC1Y, CC3Y, CC5Y, and CC7Y) of tobacco. With increasing CC year of tobacco, most of the soil chemical properties, such as total carbon, total nitrogen and organic matter, decreased significantly, while dissolved organic carbon first decreased and then increased. Likewise, the trends of DOM composition differed with changing duration of CC, such as the tannin compounds decreased from 18.13 to 13.95%, aliphatic/proteins increased from 2.73 to 8.85%. After 7 years of CC, the soil preferentially produced compounds with either high H/C ratios (H/C > 1.5), including carbohydrates, lipids, and aliphatic/proteins, or low O/C ratios (O/C < 0.1), such as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Furthermore, core microorganisms, including Nocardioides, wb1-P19, Aquabacterium, Methylobacter, and Thiobacillus, were identified. Network analysis further indicated that in response to CC, Methylobacter and Thiobacillus were correlated with the microbial degradation and transformation of DOM. These findings will improve our understanding of the interactions between microbial community and DOM in continuous cropping soil.

Summary Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) as an environmentally-friendly biocontrol agent in combination with low toxic insecticides can increase control efficacy against insect pests. In this study, Steinernema carpocapsae All (Sc-All) combined with four common insecticides was used to evaluate the control efficacy against chive root gnat (Bradysia odoriphaga), an important pest of vegetables, e.g., chive, onion or garlic. The compatibility of nematodes with insecticides and host-seeking behaviour were also evaluated by the laboratory bioassay. The results showed three insecticides (matrine, imidacloprid and chlorpyrifos) at the recommended concentrations (RC), 10% RC or 2% RC and insecticide phoxim at 10% RC or 2% RC had no effect on nematodes survival. Sc-All at 50 infective juveniles (IJ) per insect larva in the presence of the four insecticides at 10% RC demonstrated a potentiated, additive or a synergistic effect on the corrected mortality rates of insect up to 100% (imidacloprid) when compared with the corresponding insecticide and Sc-All alone. A synergistic effect resulting in lethal effect was found as early as at 24 h when 200 IJ of Sc-All per insect larva were combined with 10% RC imidacloprid, whilst only 9.4% and 0 corrected mortality were detected, respectively, when exposed to the same amount of imidacloprid and Sc-All alone. For the first time a Pluronic gel system assay revealed that the presence of insecticides significantly improved Sc-All host-seeking ability as early as 30 min post exposure. The results indicated that low doses of Sc-All-imidacloprid combination would be an effective strategy to control chive root gnat.

As an important fruit pest of global significance, Drosophila suzukii occupies a special ecological niche, with the characteristics of high sugar and low protein contents. This niche differs from those occupied by other fruit-damaging Drosophila species. Gut bacteria substantially impact the physiology and ecology of insects. However, the contribution of gut microbes to the fitness of D. suzukii in their special ecological niche remains unclear. In this study, the effect of Klebsiella oxytoca on the development of D. suzukii was examined at physiological and molecular levels. The results showed that, after the removal of gut microbiota, the survival rate and longevity of axenic D. suzukii decreased significantly. Reintroduction of K. oxytoca to the midgut of D. suzukii advanced the development level of D. suzukii. The differentially expressed genes and metabolites between axenic and K. oxytoca-reintroduced D. suzukii were enriched in the pathways of carbohydrate metabolism. This advancement was achieved through an increased glycolysis rate and the regulation of the transcript level of key genes in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. Klebsiella oxytoca is likely to play an important role in increasing host fitness in their high-sugar ecological niche by stimulating the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway. As a protein source, bacteria can also provide direct nutrition for D. suzukii, which depends on the quantity or biomass of K. oxytoca. This result may provide a new target for controlling D. suzukii by inhibiting sugar metabolism through eliminating the effect of K. oxytoca and thus disrupting the balance of gut microbial communities.

Background Strawberries are an important economic fruit crop world-wide. In strawberry cultivation, continuous cropping (CC) can seriously threaten yield and quality. However, our understanding of the gene expression changes in response to CC and during subsequent defense processes is limited. In this study, we analyzed the impact of CC on the transcriptome of strawberry roots using RNA-Seq technology to elucidate the effect of CC and the subsequent molecular changes. Results We found that CC significantly affects the growth of strawberry plants. The transcriptome analysis identified 136 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 49 up-regulated and 87 down-regulated DEGs. A Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the up-regulated DEGs were mainly assigned to defense-related GO terms, and most down-regulated DEGs were assigned to nutrient-related GO terms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the responsive DEGs were classified in a large number of important biological pathways, such as phenylalanine metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism and plant-pathogen interaction. We also found that four WRKY transcription factors and three peroxidase genes involved in plant defense pathways were up-regulated in the roots of strawberry plants subjected to CC. Conclusion Several unigenes involved in plant defense processes, such as CNGCs , WRKY transcription factors, PR1 , and peroxidase genes with highly variable expression levels between non-CC and CC treatments may be involved in the regulation of CC in strawberry. These results indicate that strawberry roots reallocate development resources to defense mechanisms in response to CC. This study will further deepen our understanding of the fundamental regulatory mechanisms of strawberry resource reallocation in response to CC.

一、技术要点 本技术组建了以"清棚、净苗、隔离、监控、天敌持控、化学调控"为主体的设施蔬菜主要害虫农药减量化防控技术体系. (一)核心技术 1.定植前清洁净化技术 防虫网阻隔技术:蔬菜定植前,日光温室前侧通风口和顶部通风口、拱圆大棚两侧通风口可以设置40目或60目的防虫网,用于阻断外界害虫的进入;设施入口处设双层防虫网,提高对害虫的阻断效果. 穴盘浸根除虫:蔬菜定植前,用内吸性药剂25％噻虫嗪水分散粒剂3000倍等浸根4小时,防治苗期害虫的发生与危害.

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith),是联合国粮农组织全球预警的重大迁飞性农业害虫,其扩散速度快、影响范围大、为害程度重,对我国粮食生产构成了严重威胁.化学农药作为目前主要的应急防控措施,对抑制害虫种群扩散迁飞、减轻作物受害、保障粮食安全具有重要作用,随着化学杀虫剂的使用,草地贪夜蛾的抗药性会逐渐增强,防控难度将不断加大,因此,制定合理的应急防控方案具有重要的意义.本文根据国内的研究情况重点从卵、幼虫、成虫等方面综述了草地贪夜蛾应急防治研究进展,以期为我国进一步做好草地贪夜蛾的有效防控提供参考.

水分是影响韭菜迟眼蕈蚊生长发育的重要因子,为明确浸水对该虫的防治潜能,为田间防治提供理论依据,本试验就不同浸水时间对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊卵和2龄、3龄、4龄幼虫及蛹的致死效果和生长发育的影响进行研究.结果表明,浸水胁迫对韭菜迟眼蕈蚊卵基本无致死效果;随着胁迫时间延长,幼虫的死亡率逐渐升高,致死率随着虫龄增大逐渐降低,2龄、3龄、4龄幼虫的LT50分别为100.106、156.765、208.833 h;浸水胁迫对蛹的致死率最高,胁迫48 h的死亡率达100％;不同浸水时间对存活幼虫的化蛹及成虫羽化无显著影响;随浸水时间的增加,蛹的羽化率逐渐降低,胁迫24 h后,蛹羽化率降低至38.33％,但不影响存活蛹羽化成虫单雌的产卵力.因此田间可以在蛹期和低龄幼虫时期实施浸水胁迫,以降低虫口密度.

筛选出防治苹果黄蚜的高效药剂,提出合理的选药策略.采用室内生测的方法比较了13种苹果黄蚜登记药剂、10种果园常用药剂对苹果黄蚜的室内防治效果.结果发现,登记药剂中大部分吡虫啉高浓度处理对苹果黄蚜具有较好的防治效果,除20％吡虫啉乳油(EC)和200 g/L吡虫啉可溶液剂(SL)外,高浓度处理下48 h防效均达90％左右,相同剂量下水分散粒剂(WG)和可湿性粉剂(WP)效果优于悬浮剂(SC)和可溶液剂(SL).果园中苹果黄蚜发生期常用药剂均对苹果黄蚜表现出很好的防效,高浓度处理48 h防效在90.22％～100％.防治苹果黄蚜优选吡虫啉水分散粒剂和可湿性粉剂,果园中常用药剂均可以起到兼治蚜虫的作用.

为明确韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在胡萝卜上的发生规律,于2018、2019年采用挖根调查和粘虫板诱集调查法,系统调查了露地和大棚胡萝卜上韭菜迟眼蕈蚊幼虫和成虫的发生情况.调查结果表明:韭菜迟眼蕈蚊在露地和大棚胡萝卜田的始发虫态为成虫,主要发生在春、秋两季,此间的土壤温湿度适宜韭菜迟眼蕈蚊的发生,春季4—5月发生2代,大棚发生时间较露地发生时间早;秋季10—11月发生1代.

为评价螟黄赤眼蜂山东烟田品系对烟草棉铃虫的控害潜能,室内开展了其对烟草棉铃虫的寄生作用研究.结果 表明,在供试温度下螟黄赤眼蜂寄生功能反应符合模型HollingⅡ型.棉铃虫卵密度对螟黄赤眼蜂的寄生作用有明显影响,在相同温度下螟黄赤眼蜂的寄生量随着棉铃虫卵的增加而增大,但搜寻效应随着棉铃虫卵的增加而降低.螟黄赤眼蜂对棉铃虫卵的寄生量在16～26℃范围内随着温度的升高而增加,而在26～31℃范围内则随着温度的升高而降低.在相同棉铃虫卵密度条件下,随着螟黄赤眼蜂密度的增大,其平均寄生量逐渐减少,寄生作用率E也相应地降低,寄生作用率E与螟黄赤眼蜂密度P的关系为E=0.3371 P-0.5342.螟黄赤眼蜂对棉铃虫卵的寄生量在其羽化后0～72 h时较高,棉铃虫卵龄为3～24 h时被寄生量较高.

本研究采用浸渍法测定4种微生物杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾的室内毒力,并进行防治大葱甜菜夜蛾的田间药效试验.室内测定结果表明,4种微生物杀虫剂对甜菜夜蛾的毒力顺序为:甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒>金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421>苏云金杆菌>球孢白僵菌,其中甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒、金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421对甜菜夜蛾的室内毒力较高,LC50值分别为11.145、128.249 mg/L.田间试验结果表明,666.7m2 80 亿孢子/毫升金龟子绿僵菌CQMa421可分散油悬浮剂用量50、60 mL,16 000 IU/mg苏云金杆菌可湿性粉剂用量80、100 g,300亿PIB/克甜菜夜蛾核型多角体病毒水分散粒剂用量3.5、5.0 g,药后10 d的校正防效均可达90％以上,持效性较好.

蚜虫是危害金银花生产的重要害虫,筛选有效防控金银花蚜虫的生物农药对金银花绿色生产具有重要意义.本研究以化学药剂吡虫啉为阳性对照,室内测定了印楝素、灭幼脲、除虫脲、鱼藤酮、矿物油、苦参碱、蛇床子素7种生物农药对金银花蚜虫的毒力.结果表明,矿物油(94.34％)对蚜虫的校正死亡率显著高于吡虫啉处理(78.79％),鱼藤酮、印楝素对蚜虫的校正死亡率(76.92％～85.46％)与吡虫啉处理之间无显著差异,但显著高于其他生物农药(≤51.29％).进一步对以上4种药剂田间防控金银花蚜虫的效果进行研究,结果表明鱼藤酮在第1、3、7d时的虫口减退率及校正防效均与吡虫啉处理无显著差异,优于矿物油及印楝素.因此,鱼藤酮可作为首选生物农药应用于山东地区金银花蚜虫的绿色防控.

Summary Anomala corpulenta is one of the major white grubs that cause serious damages in peanut production. To develop an environmentally friendly method to control A. corpulenta larvae, the efficacy of species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), application rate and larval stage against A. corpulenta were determined. Results showed that Steinernema longicaudum X-7 and S. glaseri B-4-1 were the most virulent species, which caused 77.8 and 84.4% corrected mortalities of the 2nd instar larvae at 25°C 14 days after treatments. Corrected mortalities of A. corpulenta caused by EPN were significantly affected by EPN application rate. A decrease but no significant difference in susceptibility from the 2nd to the 3rd instar was observed for the test EPN species S. longicaudum, S. glaseri and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. The field experiments indicated that S. longicaudum and S. glaseri applied at a relatively high rate (⩾5.0 × 103 infective juveniles (IJ) plant−1, i.e., 7.5 × 108 IJ ha−1) were able to provide not only control efficacy against A. corpulenta with ⩾92.7% reduction of larvae and ⩽5.06% of damaged pods, and the peanut yield increase was as good as phoxim, but also gave better control persistency compared to phoxim. Our findings indicated that EPN could be an effective strategy for the management of A. corpulenta in peanut fields.

为明确高温对韭菜根际微生物多样性的影响,本研究通过对高温处理的韭菜根部及根际土壤中的微生物进行分离纯化,并对分离得到的真菌和细菌分别采用ITS和16S rDNA基因分析方法进行鉴定.结果表明,未分离出真菌,分离鉴定出20种细菌.其中,在无韭蛆组的韭菜根部和根际土壤中分别分离出14、12种细菌,有韭蛆组的韭菜根部和土壤中分别分离出14、13种细菌,以变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)细菌为主,其余的细菌属于放线菌门(Actinobacteria).温度越高,厚壁菌门及放线菌门细菌出现频率越高;高温处理(35～50℃)的韭菜根部和根际土壤中细菌种类均少于其对照组.