Toll plaza diverging area is a typical non-lane-based high-risk area characterized by frequent weaving and complex vehicle interactions. While observation-based approaches are effective for analyzing current safety conditions, they lack the flexibility in evaluating the safety impacts of infrastructure designs and traffic control strategies under future scenarios. To address this limitation, this study proposes a microsimulation-based approach to analyze the safety performance of toll plaza diverging areas by simulating the realistic conflict distributions under various traffic conditions. Based on the perception-decision-action (PDA) framework, the proposed approach improves the conflict simulation accuracy by more accurately modeling the weak-constraint driving behavior, including non-lane-based perception, dynamic toll lane selection, and car-following under weak-constraint conditions. Validated on real-world trajectory data from two distinct toll plaza diverging areas, the simulated conflict distributions by the PDA approach closely align with the observed data, while SUMO significantly underestimates the safety risks in diverging areas. Furthermore, a simulation platform is developed based on the PDA approach to quantitatively analyze the safety performance of toll plaza diverging areas under different diverging lengths and traffic volumes. Results indicate that insufficient diverging lengths increase severe conflicts, whereas excessively long diverging areas lead to inefficiencies without substantial safety benefits. This study provides novel insights into safety performance analysis in non-lane-based areas, offering a reliable simulation tool for optimizing management strategies in complex weaving scenarios.

Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC) platoons contribute to enhancing road traffic safety and efficiency. However, creating suitable headway gaps for CACC platoons to change lanes is a challenge. This paper proposes a cooperative lane change control strategy for CACC platoons in mixed traffic environments where suitable headway gaps on the target lane are insufficient. Firstly, a cooperative longitudinal and lateral control strategy for CACC platoons is designed. Once longitudinal control ensures that the headway gap on the target lane meets the criteria, the vehicles are controlled to complete the lane change and resume cruising in their original formation. To achieve the longitudinal control objectives of gap generation by cooperative deceleration before lane change and cruising after lane change, a longitudinal cooperative control strategy that can independently create the lane change gap is proposed based on an adaptive weight model predictive control. Finally, the lane change headway gaps in the proposed strategy are generated sequentially for each vehicle, a contrast experiment is designed where the lane change headway gap is generated once and vehicles change lanes simultaneously. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated through numerical simulation combining CarSim and Matlab/Simulink. The results show that the CACC platoon completed the lane change successfully under the control of the proposed strategy. Compared to the contrast simulation, in both low-speed and high-speed highway scenarios, the average speed standard deviation under the proposed strategy is reduced by 48.3 % and 39.9% respectively, while the average comfort index decreases by 11.7% and 5.9%.

By adjusting the composition of injection water, including ionic type and strength, the goal of enhance oil recovery rate can be achieved. However, there is no clear understanding of which factor, ionic type or strength, has a greater impact. In this paper, based on the formation water of the offshore G oilfield, various brines with different ionic strengths and types were prepared. By measuring the zeta potential of rock powder and oil droplets, three-phase contact angle, interfacial tension between oil and water, emulsification properties of brines, and film strength of oil-water interface, the variation rules of the core wettability and emulsification performance of brine were systematically analyzed when the ionic strength and ionic type were changed. The experimental results showed that ionic strength has a greater impact than that of ionic type. For the oil-water-solid (rock) system of the G oilfield, an ionic strength of 82 mM/kg is the threshold for low salinity effect. Reducing ionic strength resulted in an increase in the hydrophilicity of rock and the ability of water flooding to emulsify oil droplets, which contribute to the improvement of oil displacement efficiency. Theoretically, water flooding to enhance oil recovery can be achieved by only reducing the ionic strength. This understanding was verified by dual polarization interferometry (DPI) experiments and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, which showed that reducing the salinity of the injection water from 42,000 mg/L (ionic strength of 820 mM/kg) to 4200 mg/L (ionic strength of 82 mM/kg) enhanced the oil recovery by 7.9%.

IMPORTANCE Sublingual edaravone dexborneol, which can rapidly diffuse and be absorbed through the oral mucosa after sublingual exposure, is a multitarget brain cytoprotection composed of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredients edaravone and dexborneol. OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy and safety of sublingual edaravone dexborneol on 90-day functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Thiswas a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, parallel-group, phase 3 randomized clinical trial conducted from June 28, 2021, to August 10, 2022, with 90-day follow-up. Participants were recruited from 33 centers in China. Patients randomly assigned to treatment groups were aged 18 to 80 years and had a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score between 6 and 20, a total motor deficit score of the upper and lower limbs of 2 or greater, a clinically diagnosed AIS symptom within 48 hours, and a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or less before stroke. Patients who did not meet the eligibility criteria or declined to participate were excluded. INTERVENTION Patients were assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive sublingual edaravone dexborneol (edaravone, 30mg; dexborneol, 6mg) or placebo (edaravone, 0mg; dexborneol, 60 mu g) twice daily for 14 days and were followed up until 90 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary efficacy outcomewas the proportion of patients with mRS score of 1 or less on day 90 after randomization. RESULTS Of 956 patients, 42 were excluded. A total of 914 patients (median [IQR] age, 64.0 [56.0-70.0] years; 608 male [66.5%]) were randomly allocated to the edaravone dexborneol group (450 [49.2%]) or placebo group (464 [50.8%]). The edaravone dexborneol group showed a significantly higher proportion of patients experiencing good functional outcomes on day 90 after randomization compared with the placebo group (290 [64.4%] vs 254 [54.7%]; risk difference, 9.70%; 95% CI, 3.37%-16.03%; odds ratio, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.15-1.95, P =.003). The rate of adverse events was similar between the 2 groups (89.8%[405 of 450] vs 90.1%[418 of 464]). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Among patients with AIS within 48 hours, sublingual edaravone dexborneol could improve the proportion of those achieving a favorable functional outcome at 90 days compared with placebo.

In polymer flooding, the residual polymer in the produced fluid can increase the stability of crude oil emulsion, thereby negatively affecting the demulsification process. Therefore, a polymer that has no effect on the stability of crude oil emulsion is required. Herein, a polymerizable monomer with a demulsification function (MD) was synthesized and then copolymerized with acrylamide, acrylic acid, and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid to prepare a novel copolymer (self-demulsifying polymer, PDM). The dissolution time, solution viscosity, shear resistance, static adsorption on quartz sand, and the effect on the crude oil emulsion stability of PDM were compared with those of regular polyacrylamide (PAM). Experimental results showed that owing to the steric hindrance effect of MD, the molecular weight of PDM was lower than that of PAM. Both polymers exhibited satisfactory solubility, solution viscosity, shear resistance, and static adsorption, which can meet the requirements of polymer for use in oil displacement. However, in contrast to PAM, PDM had no negative effect on the crude oil emulsion stability. This study provides a new solution to the problem of increased crude oil emulsion stability in polymer flooding.

Passive sensing using communication signal waveforms is considered to be a promising technology for target monitoring in Internet-of-Everything. Conventional passive sensing schemes require accurate estimation of the time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA), which is leading to high complexity but low accuracy. In this paper, a robust passive sensing algorithm using multiple illumination of opportunities is proposed to improve the detection performance while avoiding separate estimation of TDOA and FDOA. The proposed method first combines the linear constrained minimum variance adaptive filter with the wide nulling algorithm to achieve target direction finding while separating the direct wave and suppressing multipath interference. Then, the Linear Canonical Transformation-based Cross Ambiguity Function (LCTCAF) is employed to estimate the distance and radial velocity of the target. Relying on the relationship between distance to time and velocity to Doppler, a Distance-Velocity transformation-based Cross Ambiguity Function (DVCAF) is introduced to characterize the distance and radial velocity of the target. Finally, a spectral peak search scheme is exploited in DVCAF to estimate the time delay and Doppler shift so as to identify the target parameters directly. Its’ Cramer-Rao Low Bound is derived. Simulation results validate that the performance of the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional estimators based on the cross ambiguity function.

Complex road sections without lane markings cannot constrain vehicles to follow the lane disciplines. As a result, vehicles often exhibit more disorderly rapid lateral movements (RLMs) in these areas, making it difficult to accurately predict vehicle trajectories. This study takes toll plaza diverging area as an example to propose a framework incorporated the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Temporal Fusion Transformer (TFT) for vehicle trajectory prediction in non-lane based complex road sections. The results demonstrate that the vehicles exhibit more RLMs when there are more toll lanes matching their toll collection types. Validated on two toll plaza diverging areas with different structures, the proposed framework achieves higher prediction accuracy than other state-of-the-art predictive methods, particularly in long prediction horizons. In addition, the interpretability of TFT suggests that incorporating RLM intention prediction and environmental factors specific to non-lane based areas into trajectory prediction is of great importance.

Different toll collection types of vehicles and different distribution of tollbooths lead to the toll plaza diverging area becoming a typical vehicle weaving area with frequent crossing behaviors and conflicts on highways. This study aims to identify contributing factors to conflict risks of four RP by developing random parameters ordered logit models with heterogeneity in means and variances. The model can flexibly capture the unobserved heterogeneity of the contributing factors in different vehicle-following patterns. Real-world vehicle trajectory data obtained from the toll plaza diverging area in Nanjing, China, are used for model estimation. The results show that vehicle-following patterns with the same toll collection types have a higher percentage of severe conflict risks. The average acceleration of the following vehicles, lane-marking indicator, the initial lanes and lane changes of vehicles are significantly associated with the collision risk levels. The standard deviation of surrogate safety measures of all vehicles in sub-segments are found to differ significantly between vehicle-following patterns. Furthermore, a series of likelihood ratio tests are adopted to test the spatial dependence in sub-segments of the diverging area. The findings of this study could provide valuable information for safety improvement in toll plazas.

ImportanceRecombinant human prourokinase (rhPro-UK) is a thrombolytic agent that has shown promising findings in a phase 2 clinical trial in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of rhPro-UK thrombolysis within 4.5 hours of symptom onset in patients with AIS.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis randomized, alteplase-controlled, open-label, phase 3 clinical trial was conducted from May 2018 to May 2020 at 35 medical centers in China. A total of 684 patients were screened and 674 patients were enrolled. Included patients were aged 18 to 80 years with a diagnosis of AIS and received treatment within 4.5 hours of stroke onset. Data were analyzed from June to October 2020.InterventionsEligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intravenous rhPro-UK or alteplase.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary objective was to assess whether rhPro-UK was noninferior to alteplase. The noninferiority margin was a between-group difference of less than 10%. The primary outcome was a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 1 at 90 days.ResultsAmong 663 patients in the modified intention-to-treat population (mean [SD] age, 61.00 [10.20] years; 161 females [24.3%]), there were 330 patients in the rhPro-UK group and 333 patients in the alteplase group. The median (IQR) baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 6.00 (5.00-9.00). There were 23 deaths, and 619 patients (93.4%) completed the 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome occurred in 215 patients (65.2%) in the rhPro-UK group and 214 patients (64.3%) in the alteplase group (risk difference, 0.89; 95.4% CI, −6.52 to 8.29). Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage occurred in 5 patients (1.5%) in the rhPro-UK group and 6 patients (1.8%) in the alteplase group (P > .99). Systemic bleeding within 90 days occurred more frequently in the alteplase group (141 patients [42.2%]) than the rhPro-UK group (85 patients [25.8%]) (P < .001). By 90 days, 5 thrombolysis-related deaths each had occurred in the rhPro-UK group (1.5%) and alteplase group (1.5%) (P > .99).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that intravenous rhPro-UK within 4.5 hours of AIS onset was noninferior to alteplase. The rhPro-UK group showed a similar rate of symptomatic ICH but fewer cases of systemic bleeding than the alteplase group.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03541668

Background: Sublingual edaravone dexborneol, which can be rapidly permeated and absorbed through the oral mucosa after sublingual exposure, is a multitarget brain cytoprotection comprised of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredients of edaravone and dexborneol. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of sublingual edaravone dexborneol on 90-day functional outcome in patients with AIS.Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, parallel-group phase III trial at 33 centers in China involving patients with AIS. Patients were assigned within 48 hours after symptom onset, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive sublingual edaravone dexborneol (edaravone 30mg, dexborneol 6mg) or placebo (edaravone 0 mg, dexborneol: 60 μg) twice daily for 14 days and were followed up until 90 days. The primary efficacy outcome was the proportion of patients with modified Rankin Scale score ≤1 on day 90 after randomization. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04950920).Findings: A total of 914 patients were randomly allocated to the edaravone dexborneol group (n=450) or placebo (n=464). The edaravone dexborneol group showed a significantly higher proportion of patients experiencing good function functional outcomes on day 90 after randomization, compared with the placebo group (64.4% versus 54.7%; risk difference, 9.70%; 95% confidence interval, 3.37%-16.03%; odds ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-1.95, P=0.003). The rate of adverse event was similar between the two groups (89.8% versus 90.1%).Interpretation: Among patients with AIS within 48 hours, sublingual edaravone dexborneol could improve the proportion of those achieving a favorable functional outcome at 90 days compared with the placebo.Trial Registration: This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04950920).Funding: Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Declaration of Interest: RT, JR, SZ and XF are the employees of Simcere Pharmaceutical Group; SY and RC is the employee of Neurodawn Pharmaceutical. Those companies have developed the drug and sponsored the trial. The above-mentioned five authors from companies provided information on the pharmacological mechanism of drugs, gave preclinical experimental data and advised on study design. No other competing interests were reported.Ethical Approval: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The ethics committee from each study center approved this study, and all patients or their legally acceptable surrogates had given informed consents before they were assigned to a treatment group.

Our work aims to investigate the functions of a natural compound, Albiflorin (AF) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The cerebral IR models were established by OGD/R in PC12 cells and MCAO/IR in rats. The cells in a glucose-free medium were placed in an anaerobic chamber containing 95% N₂ and 5% CO₂ for 3h at 37°C, returned to a normal medium, and incubated for 24h to accomplish OGD/R. Focal cerebral ischemia was conducted by thread occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery for 2h followed by 24h reperfusion in rats. CCK-8 assay indicated that AF had no toxicity to PC12 cells. Flow cytometry, Western blot, or TUNEL showed that AF treatment reduced apoptosis of cells or rat brain tissues. qRT-PCR and ELISA showed that AF decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in vitro and in vivo. Elevated levels of MDA, SOD, and ROS induced by IR injury were mitigated by AF in vitro and in vivo. HE and TTC staining revealed that AF ameliorated pathological injury in MCAO/IR rats. Western blot showed that Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1 expression was activated by AF, and ML385 treatment suppressed the inhibition effects of AF in cerebral IR injury models. Overall, AF alleviates cerebral IR injury via regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

As compared to China’s overall oil reserves, the reserve share of offshore oilfields is rather significant. However, offshore oilfield circumstances for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) include not just severe temperatures and salinity, but also restricted space on offshore platforms. This harsh oil production environment requires polymers with relatively strong salt resistance, solubility, thickening ability, rapid, superior injection capabilities, and anti-shearing ability. As a result, research into polymers with high viscosity and quick solubility is recognized as critical to meeting the criteria of polymer flooding in offshore oil reservoirs. For the above purposes, a novel hydrophobically associating polymer (HAP) was prepared to be used for polymer flooding of Bohai offshore oilfields. The synthetic procedure was free radical polymerization in aqueous solutions starting at 0 °C, using acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), and poly(ethylene glycol) octadecyl methacrylate (POM) as comonomers. It was discovered that under ideal conditions, the molecular weight of HAP exceeds 2.1 × 107 g⋅mol−1. In a simulated reservoir environment, HAP has substantially greater solubility, thickening property, and salt resistance than conventional polyacrylamide (HPAM), with equivalent molecular weight. Finally, the injectivity and propagation of the two polymers in porous media were investigated. Compared with HPAM, which has a similar molecular weight, HAP solution with the concentration of 0.175% had a much better oil displacement effect in the porous medium, which can enhance oil recovery by 8.8%. These discoveries have the potential to pave the way for chemical EOR in offshore oilfields.

The diverse functions of WASP, the deficiency of which causes Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS), remain poorly defined. We generated three isogenic WAS models using patient induced pluripotent stem cells and genome editing. These models recapitulated WAS phenotypes and revealed that WASP deficiency causes an upregulation of numerous RNA splicing factors and widespread altered splicing. Loss of WASP binding to splicing factor gene promoters frequently leads to aberrant epigenetic activation. WASP interacts with dozens of nuclear speckle constituents and constrains SRSF2 mobility. Using an optogenetic system, we showed that WASP forms phase-separated condensates that encompasses SRSF2, nascent RNA and active Pol II. The role of WASP in gene body condensates is corroborated by ChIPseq and RIPseq. Together our data reveal that WASP is a nexus regulator of RNA splicing that controls the transcription of splicing factors epigenetically and the dynamics of the splicing machinery through liquid-liquid phase separation.

Mammals have limited regenerative capacity, whereas some vertebrates, like fish and salamanders, are able to regenerate their organs efficiently. The regeneration in these species depends on cell dedifferentiation followed by proliferation. We generate a mouse model that enables the inducible expression of the four Yamanaka factors (Oct-3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, or 4F) specifically in hepatocytes. Transient in vivo 4F expression induces partial reprogramming of adult hepatocytes to a progenitor state and concomitantly increases cell proliferation. This is indicated by reduced expression of differentiated hepatic-lineage markers, an increase in markers of proliferation and chromatin modifiers, global changes in DNA accessibility, and an acquisition of liver stem and progenitor cell markers. Functionally, short-term expression of 4F enhances liver regenerative capacity through topoisomerase2-mediated partial reprogramming. Our results reveal that liver-specific 4F expression in vivo induces cellular plasticity and counteracts liver failure, suggesting that partial reprogramming may represent an avenue for enhancing tissue regeneration.

探究小汽车车主的公交使用行为,有助于采取针对性策略引导小汽车出行向公交出行方式转移.采用昆明市小汽车车主的出行调查数据,对小汽车车主公交使用频次的特征及影响机理进行研究.通过对公交使用频次分布特征的统计分析,采用秩和检验法对不同小汽车群体的公交使用频次的分布差异进行检验,并基于结构方程模型分析了小汽车车主对公交和小汽车的态度以及个人属性对公交使用频次的影响.研究结果表明:小汽车车主对小汽车的态度、对公交便利性的评价会对公交使用频次产生显著影响;同时,车主的年龄、性别、受教育程度、家庭年收入、家庭小汽车数量以及小汽车支配权也会对公交使用频次产生显著影响.

Increasing evidence shows that music can regulate emotional states and lead to pain reduction, a phenomenon called music-induced analgesia. However, knowledge about which neural circuitry is involved in this effect is still limited. To better understand the efficacy and neural mechanisms of music-induced analgesia, this review highlighted the growing body of literature suggesting music can be considered as an adjunct to pain management. We first conducted a meta-analysis of studies investigating the analgesic effect of music on experimentally induced pain among healthy participants. The meta-analysis result suggests a medium analgesic effect of music on experimentally induced pain,g = 0.52, 95% confidence interval [0.41, 0.63],p < .0001. We then reviewed neuropsychological and neurochemical substrates associated with music-induced analgesia with an emphasis on experimental studies with healthy individuals. We argue that music can modulate pain as a distractor, a mood regulator, a stress reliever, and a reward by briefly summarizing evidence revealing the power of music on pain suppression in a variety of pain conditions. In conclusion, music can be considered as an adjunct to pain management. Pitfalls and promise of music intervention in pain management are discussed in view of current understandings of music-induced analgesia.

Objective The upregulation of long noncoding RNA intersectin 1-2 (lnc ITSN1-2) is associated with poor prognosis in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, but the role and mechanism of lnc ITSN1-2 in AIS are rarely reported, which, thus, are highlighted in this study. Methods AIS cell model was constructed by oxygen glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). The quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of lnc ITSN1-2 in HT22 cells. The effects of lnc ITSN1-2 overexpression or knockdown on viability, LDH release, apoptosis, inflammatory and apoptotic factor expressions in OGD/R-induced HT22 cells were measured by cell counting kit-8 assay, LDH release kit, flow cytometry, ELISA and western blot, respectively. Starbase was used to screen the target genes of lnc ITSN1-2. The targeting relationship between lnc ITSN1-2 and miR-195-5p was predicted by starbase and verified by dual-luciferase report assay. The above assays were conducted again to study the function of miR-195-5p. Lastly, the levels of activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway-related proteins were determined by western blot. Results OGD/R treatment reduced the HT22 cell viability and enhanced LDH release rate and lnc ITSN1-2 expression. Lnc ITSN1-2 overexpression promoted the cell injury, apoptosis and inflammation in OGD/R-induced HT22 cells, while lnc ITSN1-2 knockdown generated the opposite effect and deactivated the MAPK pathways. However, the effect of lnc ITSN1-2 knockdown in OGD/R-induced HT22 cells was reversed by miR-195-5p inhibitor. Conclusion Lnc ITSN1-2 knockdown suppressed the inflammation and apoptosis in OGD/R-induced HT22 cells by regulating the miR-195-5p-mediated MAPK pathways.

Pseudo threshold pressure gradient (PTPG) is one of the main factors affecting the oil recovery of heterogeneous low-permeability and tight reservoirs. When the pressure gradient between the supply boundary and the bottom hole is less than PTPG, the crude oil in the formation cannot flow. In order to accurately measure the relationship between PTPG and permeability, a novel experimental device has been designed and a series of core flooding experiments using brine and oil have been carried out. The new experimental device eliminates the influence of rubber sleeve in core holder and core end-effect on the results, and greatly improves the accuracy of pressure measurement. The experimental results show the PTPG has a power function relationship with permeability, and has no obvious relationship with the viscosity of the fluid. Based on the equation for PTPG and permeability of crude oil and brine fitted by the experimental data, a new heterogeneous reservoir mathematical model considering PTPG were established. The influence of the coefficient of permeability variation, average permeability, and the production rate on oil recovery factor have been studied by this model. The results clearly show that the coefficient of permeability variation has the greatest influence on oil recovery factor, which represents inhomogeneity in low-permeability and tight reservoirs. Also, when the coefficient of permeability variation is less than a certain value (about 0.2 when average permeability is 1mD, in our model), there is only a slight decline in oil recovery factor, and when coefficient of permeability variation is larger than this value, the oil recovery factor decreases rapidly. The finding is consistent with oil field production and helpful to determine whether to take EOR(enhanced oil recovery) measures for a low-permeability heterogeneous reservoirs.

聚合物溶液的流变行为对其在油藏多孔介质中的驱油效果影响较大.系统分析了聚合物含量、温度、多种金属离子及机械剪切作用对驱油用超高分子量部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(U-H PA M)及常规中等分子量部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(M-HPAM)溶液拉伸流变性能的影响.实验结果表明:提高聚合物含量能够促进HPAM分子链间纠缠,聚合物的拉伸黏度增加,同时U-HPAM对拉伸黏度的增强幅度远大于M-HPAM;温度升高、外加金属离子(Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+和Fe2+)含量增大及机械剪切作用增强都会削弱聚合物分子链间纠缠,导致拉伸黏度降低;U-HPAM受温度及Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe3+等的影响明显小于M-HPAM,而Fe2+及机械剪切对两类HPAM影响程度相似.渗流及岩心驱替实验表明,U-HPAM比M-HPAM具有更强的调剖能力,在强非均质油藏中更能发挥其高效驱油能力.