OBJECTIVE:To observe the spermicidal effect of alcohol extracts from different ratios of Sophora flavescens Ait/Chinese Bulbul in vitro.METHODS:Semen samples aseptically obtained by masturbation and prepared by density gradient centrifugation from 15 healthy men were incubated in the alcohol extracts from 9 different ratios of Sophora flavescens Ait/Chinese Bulbul for 20 seconds, 2 minutes and 4 minutes. Then the motility and movement parameters of the sperm were detected by computer-assisted semen analysis, and the minimal effective concentrations of the instant spermicidal effect of the extracts were determined.RESULTS:At the ratio of 3:1, the extract at 0.5 mg/ml significantly inhibited the sperm motility and other sperm movement parameters VCL, VSL, VAP, ALH, WOB and MAD, as compared with the control group. The minimal effective concentration of the instant spermicidal effect of the extracts was 3.5 mg/ml at 3:1.CONCLUSION:The alcohol extracts from Sophora flavescens Ait and Chinese Bulbul at the ratio of 3:1 have the best spermicidal effect in vitro.

OBJECTIVE:To study the antifertility and anti-inflammatory effects of compound Kucen gel in vivo. METHODS:As antifertility experiment, we randomly divided 60 female SD rats into six groups of equal number: normal saline, blank gel, low-, medium- and high-dose compound Kucen gel (0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 g/g), and positive control (4% nonoxynol gel) to receive intravaginal administration of 200 microl of respective agent, followed by copulation with male rats in a 1:1 ratio. At 12 days after successful mating, the female rats were dissected for calculation of the embryos and the rate of contraception. As an anti-inflammatory trial, we established a mouse model of inflammation by applying xylene to the pinna, and equally randomized 60 Kunming mice to six groups as in the former experiment. We determined the degrees and average rates of swelling inhibition in the left ear. RESULTS:High-dose compound Kucen gel achieved a fertility-inhibition rate of 100% in the female rats, the number of embryos significantly lower than in the normal saline group (0.00 +/- 0.00 vs 11.00 +/- 2. 00, P < 0.05), but with no statistically insignificant difference from that of the positive control (0.00 +/- 0.00, P > 0.05). High-dose compound Kucen gel also markedly suppressed swelling in the left ear of the mice, with an inhibition rate of 52.3%, the average swelling degree significantly lower than in the normal saline group (10.17 +/- 2.56 vs 21.32 +/- 3.17, P < 0.01), but not remarkably different from that of the positive control (8.53 +/- 1.89, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION:Compound Kucen gel, with its strong antifertility and anti-inflammatory effects, deserves further study and clinical application.

目的探讨六味地黄方体内外对草酸钙结石形成的影响。方法采用种晶技术检测六味地黄方不同质量浓度（20、10、5、1 mg/mL）在体外对（Coo）2Ca.H2O晶体生长的抑制指数。60只SD大鼠随机分为6组,对照组,模型组,阳性对照组,六味地黄方高、中、低剂量（0.8、0.4、0.2 g/kg）组。饲养4周后,检测各组大鼠血生化指标,24 h尿草酸量,Ca2+、Mg2+分泌量和肾组织Ca2+、Mg2+水平。镜下观察各组大鼠肾组织切片中草酸钙结晶分布及组织病理改变。结果体外实验中,20、10、5 mg/mL六味地黄方对结晶生长抑制指数分别为98.50%、89.20%、43.94%,明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。体内实验,六味地黄方高剂量组大鼠血清尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（SCr）水平,肾Ca2+水平,24 h尿Ca2+分泌量及肾组织草酸钙结晶沉积均低于模型组与阳性对照组（P＜0.05）。结论六味地黄方具有抑制草酸钙结石形成的作用,并且其抑制效果优于枸橼酸钾。

目的 研究泽泻总三萜提取物对大鼠尿草酸钙结石形成的影响,从而确认泽泻抗泌尿系结石的活性成分.方法 在实验的28 d内给予乙二醇及阿法骨化醇诱导雄性SD大鼠泌尿系草酸钙结石形成.造模的同时分别给予不同剂量的泽泻总三萜提取物,分别为205.2、68.4及22.8 mg/kg.实验结束时,检测各组大鼠体重,血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、P、Ca2+、Mg2+含量,24 h尿量,尿pH值,24 h尿Ca2+、Mg2+、尿草酸(Ox)的分泌量,右肾系数,肾Ca2+、Mg2+含量;显微镜下观察肾组织切片中草酸钙结晶沉积及病理变化,评价泽泻总三萜对泌尿系结石形成的影响.结果 乙二醇及阿法骨化醇诱导的泌尿系草酸钙结石大鼠血BUN、Cr、24 h尿Ox、尿Ca2+分泌量、肾Ca2+含量及右肾系数明显升高,肾Mg2+含量明显下降.泽泻总三萜提取物能降低泌尿系结石大鼠的血BUN、Cr、24 h尿Ca2+含量、肾Ca2+含量及右肾系数水平,增加24 h尿量及肾组织Mg2+含量.肾组织病理学检查可知泽泻总三萜能减少大鼠肾组织内草酸钙晶体的沉积,改善肾脏组织的损伤情况.结论 泽泻总三萜提取物可以有效抑制乙二醇及阿法骨化醇诱导的大鼠泌尿系草酸钙结石的形成,泽泻总三萜是泽泻抗泌尿系结石的活性成分.

Objective To study the effects of the total triterpenoids extract of Alismatis Rhizoma on calcium oxalate urinary stone formation in rats,thereby confirming the anti-urolithiatic active constituents of Alismatis Rhizoma.Methods Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were given ethylene glycol and alfacalcidol to induce urolithiasis for 28 days.Meanwhile,the rats received the total triterpenoids extract at the doses of 205.2,68.4,22.8 mg/kg body weight,respectively.On the 28th day,body weight,the levels of serum urea,creatinine,P,Ca2+ and Mg2+,24 h urine volume,urine pH,Ca2+,Mg2+ and oxalate,relative kidney weight and renal Ca2+,Mg2+ were evaluated to estimate the anti-urolithiatic effects of the total triterpenoids extract.Kidney sections were examined under a light microscope to study the calcium oxalate crystal deposition and pathological changes.Results The urolithiasis induced by ethylene glycol and alfacalcidol not only caused significant increase in the levels of serum urea and creatinine,urine oxalate and Ca2+,relative kidney weight and renal Ca2+,but also the reduction in renal Mg2+.The administration of the total triterpenoids extract reversed the changes in the levels of serum urea and creatinine,urine Ca2+,relative kidney weight,renal Ca2+ and Mg2+.It also diminished the number and size of calcium oxalate crystal deposits and protected the kidneys from serious damage.Conclusion The total triterpenoids extract of Alismatis Rhizoma has a beneficial effect against calcium oxalate urinary stone formation induced by ethylene glycol and alfacalcidol.The total triterpenoids are the anti-urolithiatic active constituents of Alismatis Rhizoma.