台湾问题与两岸关系的学术研究,经过两岸学术界几十年的努力,在学科建设方面已经打下坚实的基础,组建台湾研究交叉学科——“台湾学”的条件趋于成熟.厦门大学台湾研究院在这一领域的知识理论体系建构和组织体系建制方面做出许多有益的尝试,提出了“厦大方案”.希望两岸学术界继续努力,为台湾研究交叉学科建设做出新的贡献.
从1997年开始,台湾当局介入历史教科书的编写,台湾当局运用公权力极力推进“去中国化”的进程,近年来更是达到登峰造极的地步.在现行的台湾历史教科书中,中国史已经消失,并且全面切断了台湾史、台湾文化、“台湾民族”与中国史、中华文化、中华民族的关系,“台独史观”的建构已经基本完成.台湾史教科书民族叙事的演变过程,不仅是一场学理论争,而且是一场政治斗争.必须将“批判的武器”与“武器的批判”相结合、将批判“台独史观”与开展反对“台独”和遏制“台独”的斗争相结合,直到“台独”分裂主义的图谋彻底失败,“台独史观”才会自然消失.
20世纪80年代一些“独派”学者开始建构“台湾文化民族主义”.考察当时“书写民族历史”的三位学者对台湾历史提出的前所未有的观点,发现他们是以“台湾民族主义”叙事来篡改台湾历史、切割台湾与大陆的关系,建构“台独史观”;其目的是建立“台湾民族主义”,摒弃中华民族主义,妄图“摆脱中国”,为“台独分裂主义”制造舆论.研究这一课题不仅可以揭示“独派”学者的错误观点和政治目的,而且有助于与以后的“民族历史书写”相比较,看出参与建构“台湾文化民族主义”的“独派”学者在公权力介入之后如何变本加厉地“去中国化”和“摒弃中华民族主义”,以及对台湾社会产生的严重影响.
本文提出改变台湾社会认同的五个要素.客观要素是:台湾的国际地位,台湾民众在台湾内部的政治地位,台湾在两岸间所处的地位;主观要素是:台湾当局的自尊需求,台湾民众的自尊需求.台湾的国际地位是台湾社会认同直至国家认同的决定因素.台湾社会认同的改变关键在于两岸关系.台湾社会认同的改变要从两岸同胞的互动着手,必须满足台湾民众的自尊需求.
There exist cognitive differences on Taiwan history between the peop1e across the Strait. In order to fi11 the gap, first of a11,it is necessary for both sides to gain a c1ear understanding of these differences and make a fine distinction between right and wrong before the consensus can be reached on the right basis. This paper makes a 1ist of five major cognitive differences on Taiwan history since ancient times,and at the same time, offers the writer's persona1 views which are different from those of the pub1ic from both sides of the Strait. The writer hopes that these views wi11 be conducive to the promotion of the cross-Strait common cognition through debate and discussion.
“文化杂交的例证俯拾皆是.它们不仅遍布世界各地,而且可见于大部分文化领域.”这句话是英国人彼得·伯克说的.他自称“我本人就是一个杂交的产物”,他父亲的祖籍是爱尔兰,母亲的家族来自俄罗斯,他从小就在这样的家庭里过着“杂交的生活方式”.他写了一本叫《文化杂交》的书,对研究两岸文化不无启发.
流行文化无论在中国大陆或台湾都已经成为大众文化的重要组成部分,渗透到日常生活的各个角落,特别在青年一代中拥有许多受众.从近年两岸文化交流来看,流行文化的交流比中华传统文化、当代主流文化以及文化领域各个项目的交流,有更大的成效.在流行文化中两岸更能找到共同语言、共同价值观,能够互相尊重、互相包容、互相欣赏、互相接纳,通过交流可以实现"心灵的沟通".因此必须重视两岸流行文化的交流,并把它与"两岸共同价值"对接起来,使它在建构两岸命运共同体、实现两岸心灵契合过程中发挥积极的作用.
本文对大陆和台湾的文化从历时性的角度,考察各自文化断裂的历史,然后从共时性的角度,考察两岸之间文化断裂的现实,说明两岸文化各自经历过不同的文化断裂,发展出不同的道路,目的是从一个新的角度加深对两岸文化存在本质差异的认识.
Some achievements have been made in recent years in the cross-Strait cultural exchanges as both sides acceler-ate the exchanging frequency, expand the hierarchical contact, deepen the exchanging content and enhance the sense of cooper-ation. However, there is a long way to go before the two sides can actually bring about mutual understanding, harmonize with each other, make a telepathic communication, and finally achieve the agreement in mind. Therefore, the paper believes that both sides of the Strait should particularly focus on two important points in the orientation of cultural exchanges in the future, that is, the exchange of the“mainstream culture” and the“‘different’ culture” communication, so that the above-mentioned goals can be achieved.
由于两岸在政治难题上的分歧,导致两岸关系制度化出现了搁浅的现象.本文分析两岸学界对政治关系制度化的歧见,在此基础上,着重从思维方式上进行考察,认为既有的、常用的、单向的思维方式已经无法解决问题,有必要改变思维方式.两岸应当根据制度化本身的要求,经历确立共同的价值观念(共同理念)、制定规范(行动准则)、建立机构(保障机制)的完整过程,才能形成“固定化模式”,完成制度化.本文认为在相当长的时间内,两岸政治关系制度化很难向前推进.
陈患信这个名字,现在较少出现在媒体上,其实他是民进党内少有的"大陆通",在过去很长时间里,负责与大陆各界打交道,大陆有许多人认识他.2008年民进党下台以后,据说他已逐渐"淡出"政坛.早在1986年我就与他相识,还曾多次深谈,我一贯认为他是民进党内的务实派.最近,他来重庆参加学术会议,接受媒体采访时发表了这样的言论:"如果明年民进党上台,只有尽早转向、走务实的两岸政策路线,才能使得两岸今天已经开启的多种形式的交流全部能够得以保障,使两岸关系不至于在明年台湾政局发生变化的情况下出现波动.这是我们的期待."果然他又强调务实.
一般人看到的是台湾文化的表层,也是比较优秀的部分,而对于比较深层的社会关系文化则认识不足.本文选择关说文化、密室文化、帮派文化和民粹文化这四种台湾特色的社会关系文化加以解读,希望有助于从另一个侧面加深对"台湾特色的中华文化"的理解.
台湾官方和民间都一再强调台湾生活方式的优越,大家引以为傲.但究竟什么是台湾的生活方式,似乎还没有做出明确的解释.本文根据有关生活方式的基本观点,联系台湾方面提出的看法,试图加以解读,并且与“台湾特色的中华文化”联系起来考察,探讨台湾方面建构“台湾生活方式”的意图,并对如何正确对待,提出个人的意见.
两岸文化冲突,不仅发生在一些重大冲突事件中,而且在日常交流交往中也经常出现.本文列举两岸文化冲突在各个方面的具体表现及其对两岸关系的负面影响,指出这是两岸关系发展中的一个不可忽视的问题,希望引起双方的重视.并且指出,两岸文化冲突也有其正效应,两岸应当尊重文化的多元性,共同推动两岸文化的进步与繁荣.
There have been a great many of academic papers published ever since the journal started its publication 30 years ago,which has made some contributions to the Taiwan studies.This paper selects and discusses the 18 living examples based on the predictions that the journal has ever made in the field of politics,testing them with the criteria of practice and,at the same time,commenting on them respectively.It is difficult to make a prediction as it involves many factors and is closely related to the writer's personal accomplishment.The paper conducts the test from the angle of prediction in the hope that he can provide some reference for us in assessing both the level and quality of the articles from the journal.
当前在两岸文化与文化认同的研究中存在一些概念问题与理论问题,一般的文章对这些概念可以采取各种不同的说法,然而作为学术研究,如果缺乏一定的规范,结果只能各说各话,无法交集,也就无法辨别什么是正确的看法.本文试图针对学术界有关文化、文化认同以及文化认同与政治认同的关系等问题存在的盲点,即容易被忽视的地方,发表自己的意见,提供讨论.
This paper provides a general description of some complicated yet contradictory mentalities that the Taiwan public has held over "the rise of mainland China" which,the writer believes,include:to recognize or not to recognize the "rise",opportunities versus challenges,feelings of frustration versus needs of self-esteem,participation versus fear and so on.On the other hand,the paper also makes a detailed study of how the complex psychology affects the attitude of the Taiwan people towards the relationships between the two sides,especially their identity recognition,pointing out that "strengthening self-identity and maintaining the status quo of the two sides" is still the mainstream public opinion nowadays.Therefore,it is an important subject that the two sides should study carefully whether or not we can handle the complex psychology and its influence well so as to favor the Cross-Strait peaceful development.
2009年10月10日马英九首次提出“台湾特色的中华文化”这个概念[1],他说:“60年来,台湾人民秉持正直、善良、勤奋、诚信、进取与包容的核心价值,以‘台湾精神’完成改革,打造具有台湾特色的中华文化”[2].从此,台湾当局对“台湾特色的中华文化”的建构就开始了.2010年5月19日马英九又提出“文化兴国”的说法,对于“台湾特色的中华文化”,除了重复以上所说的“核心价值”之外,还补充说:“表現在外的就是海洋文化、多元文化、創新文化,以及志工文化和愛心文化”.以上就是马英九所说的“台湾特色的中华文化”的基本概念.本文试图就“台湾特色的中华文化”的内涵、特性、建构的意图以及两岸文化的相互关系等问题进行探讨.
The cultural exchange nowadays has become an important part of the exchanges across the Straits.Many people believe that the similar culture between the two sides will certainly enhance their cultural identity through exchanges.However,they are lack of correct understanding of the difficulties and problems that still exist in the cultural exchange.Based on the decades of careful study of the construction of Taiwan's"cultural nationalism",this paper tries to explain that it is impossible to construct Taiwan cultural subjectivity without taking Chinese culture into consideration.On the other hand,as Taiwan has made some achievements in the"removal of the word of China",this has posed a great obstacle to the Cross-Strait cultural identity.