目的:观察微小RNA(miRNA,miR)-3605-5p通过调控瞬时感受器电位离子通道香草素受体4(TRPV4)基因表达对肾细胞癌A498细胞侵袭和增殖的影响.方法:实时定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)检测肾细胞癌细胞系(A498、CaKi-1、786-O、ACHN)和永生化近端肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)中miR-3605-5p的表达.将miR-3605-5p表达最少的肾细胞癌细胞系随机分为2组:miR-NC组(转染miR-NC)和miR-3605-5p组(转染miR-3605-5p).qRT-PCR检测转染效果.Transwell实验和细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)检测两组肾细胞癌A498细胞侵袭和增殖水平.生物信息学软件预测和双荧光素酶报告实验验证miR-3605-5p的靶基因.qRT-PCR和Western Blot检测2组肾细胞癌A498细胞中靶基因的表达.结果:miR-3605-5p在肾细胞癌细胞系的表达水平明显低于永生化近端肾小管上皮细胞(P＜0.05),在A498细胞中表达最少(P＜0.01).miR-3605-5p组A498细胞中miR-3605-5p的表达(9.49±1.09)高于miR-NC组(1.06±0.18),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).miR-NC组和miR-3605-5p组侵袭细胞数量分别为(125.70±14.05)个和(42.01±8.98)个,miR-3605-5p组A498细胞侵袭能力下降(P＜0.01).与miR-NC组比较,miR-3605-5p组A498细胞增殖能力降低(P＜0.05).生物信息学软件显示miR-3605-5p的靶基因是TRPV4.双荧光素酶报告实验证明miR-3605-5p可靶向结合TRPV4基因(P＜0.05).与miR-NC组比较,miR-3605-5p组A498细胞中TRPV4的表达降低(P＜0.05).结论:miR-3605-5p通过下调TRPV4基因表达抑制肾细胞癌细胞A498的侵袭和增殖能力,miR-3605-5p可能成为肾细胞癌的潜在治疗靶点.

OBJECTIVE:In this study, explored the pathologic mechanism of the contralateral testes impairment in unilaterally cryptorchid rats by investigating the gene expression level. METHODS:Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and evenly divided into two groups: cryptorchid group and control group. Cryptorchidism was induced by surgical relocation. RT-PCR was then applied to examine the mRNA expression level of antioxidant enzymes in descended testes, including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), and catalase (CAT). The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined by spectrophotometry. In addition, germ-cell apoptosis was detected by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. RESULTS:Two weeks after the operation, the mRNA expression levels of GSH-PX and Cu/Zn-SOD in the cryptorchid group were significantly downregulated; the expression of MDA, as well as the number of apoptotic germ cells, significantly increased compared to the control group (p < 0.01). The mRNA expression of CAT did not show significant changes (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION:GSH-PX and SOD were downregulated in the testis contralateral to the undescended testis, leading to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and germ-cell apoptosis. Our results may provide molecular explanations for the impairment of the descended testis in unilateral cryptorchidism.

Objectives: The present study was aimed to establish a model of chronic prostatitis in rat with the use of intraprostatic injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant, and to examine the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of melittin on the newly-developed chronic prostatic pain model. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) into the prostate. Twelve days after model rats of the treatment group were injected melittin into the prostate, while those of the control group received sterile saline injection. The nociceptive effects of CFA were evaluated by using a behavior approach (i.e. mechanical pain threshold measurement) on the day of CFA injection and 6, 12, and 18 days after CFA injection. After the in-live study was done, the prostate was collected for histological examination of inflammatory cell infiltration. Levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in prostate and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in spinal cord were determined using immunohistochemistry. Rats of the sham control group received intraprostatic injection of sterile saline and were studied using the same methods Results: Intraprostatic CFA injection induced local allodynia that lasted over at least 2 weeks. The pain behavior of rat was associated with increases in inflammatory cell infiltration into the prostate. Levels of COX-2 in prostate and GFAP in spinal cord were also elevated. Treatment with melittin significantly raised pain threshold, decreased inflammatory infiltrates, and suppressed COX-2 and GFAP expression. Conclusion: Intraprostatic injection of CFA induced neurogenic prostatitis and prostatic pain. The established model will be useful to the study of CP/CPPS pathogenesis. Melittin demonstrated profound anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects on the chronic prostatic pain model, suggesting melittin may hold promise as a novel therapeutic for treatment of CP/CPPS. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

目的 观察半夏生物碱对786-0细胞株的凋亡诱导作用,并探讨其可能作用机制.方法 将786-0细胞株与半夏生物碱(400、200、100 μg/ml)共同培养48 h;细胞计数试剂盒(cell counting ldt-8,CCK-8)法测定细胞活性;流式细胞法检测细胞的凋亡率;蛋白免疫印迹法及实时定量聚合酶联反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)法检测细胞内葡萄糖转运蛋白78的表达;免疫组织化学法检测细胞中Bad的蛋白表达.结果 与阴性对照组比较,干预组细胞活性下降(P＜0.01)并发生明显的凋亡现象,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);免疫蛋白印迹法及实时定量PCR法检测发现,半夏生物碱干预各组中葡萄糖转运蛋白78表达明显下降(P＜).05);免疫组织化学结果提示,半夏生物碱亦能上调Bad蛋白在细胞内的表达.结论 半夏生物碱能通过抑制葡萄糖转运蛋白78的表达,并能上调Bad蛋白的表达,从而促进人肾细胞癌的凋亡.

Objective To evaluate the possible association between varicocele and body type .Methods A number of 73 patients with varicocele underwent history taking ,physical examination ,and scrotal ultrasound to determine the presence and severity of varicocele ,and 104 male without varicocele were included in the age-matched control group .The age ,weight , height ,and body mass index (BMI) of the two groups were compared .The indexes were also compared between patients with different grades of varicocele .The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 19 .0 .Results There were significant differ-ences in body weight and BMI (P= 0 .013 ,and P= 0 .003 ,respectively) between the varicocele group and control group . There were no differences in all these parameters between patients with different grades of varicocele .Conclusions Leaner man seems to be more susceptible to varicocele ,but the severity of varicocele has no significant connection with weight and BMI .Body height is not associated with the incidence of varicocele .

目的:观察细胞黏附分子1(CEACAM1)与CD105分子在肾细胞癌(RCC)中的表达变化,研究其与肿瘤血管生成、肿瘤侵袭和转移的关系.方法:采用免疫组化SP法,检测47例肾细胞癌组织中CEACAM1和CD105的表达情况;并记录微血管密度(MVD)值,对肾细胞癌及癌旁正常肾组织中CEACAM1和CD105的表达情况进行相关分析.结果:(1)CEACAM1在肾癌中表达强度明显低于癌旁正常组织(P＜0.05);CEACAM1在Ⅰ～Ⅱ中表达明显高于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期(P＜0.05).(2)肾癌组织中CD105-MVD值明显高于癌旁正常组织MVD,二者相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).CD105-MVD值在各病理分级G1、G2、G3组间两两比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),在不同临床分期中表达有显著差异(P＜0.01).(3)CEACAM1与CD105-MVD表达呈负相关(r=-0.427,P＜0.01).结论:(1)肾癌中存在CEACAM1的表达下调和CD105-MVD升高,肾细胞癌中CEACAM1与CD105-MVD存在负相关.(2)CEACAM1在肾癌中的表达促进了肾细胞癌微血管的生成,提示CEACAM1可以作为抗肿瘤血管生成疗法的治疗靶点之一.

目的:探讨腹腔镜根治性前列腺切除术的疗效.方法:2009年9月-2011年9月,我科对81例早期局限性前列腺癌行腹膜外腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术.游离前列腺直肠间隙达前列腺尖部,游离膀胱前间隙及耻骨后间隙,离断膀胱颈部、耻骨前列腺韧带及尿道,重建膀胱颈并与尿道吻合.结果:81例腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术均获成功,无1例中转开放手术.手术时间100-270 min,平均150min.术中出血量100-700ml,平均210ml.需要输血5例(6.17％).标本切缘阳性5例(6.17％).术后膀胱尿道吻合口尿漏2例(2.47％),术后2周拔除导尿管,出现尿失禁8例(9.87％),其中7例(8.64％)随访6个月尿控恢复良好,1例未能恢复.81例术后随访21-45个月,平均30个月,排尿均通畅,未出现生化复发.术前41例(50.6％)有阴茎勃起功能的患者根据国际阴茎勃起功能指数(IIEF-5)评分分组进行术后变化评估.术后IIEF-5评分显著下降,各评分组间的差异无统计学意义.44例(54.3％)可通过使用药物进行性生活.结论:腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术是一种安全、有效、创伤小、并发症低、术后恢复快的手术方法.但长期疗效尚待进一步观察.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism underlying the impairment of the contralateral testis in unilateral cryptorchidism in experimental rats using a molecular neurophysiological approach. Thirty-six male rats (21 days old) were divided into a cryptorchidism group, a cryptorchidism with division of the genitofemoral nerve (GFN) group and a control group (n=12/group). The distribution of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) immunoreactive nerve fibers in the testes was studied using an immunohistochemistry technique. Germ cell apoptosis was detected using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling method. The concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the testis tissue was evaluated using a spectrophotometric determination method, and the ultrastructure of Sertoli cells was observed using transmission electron microscopy. It was found that, 100 days after the surgery, the concentration of CGRP in the cryptorchidism group was decreased significantly, whereas the levels of MDA and the number of apoptotic germ cells were increased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.01). Following the division of the GFN, the damaging effects were decreased (P<0.01). The impairment mechanism may therefore be associated with a reduction in the level of CGRP in the contralateral testis. The reflex decrease in CGRP may be caused by germ cell apoptosis, decreased blood flow and oxygen levels, and the increase in reactive oxygen free radicals and lipid peroxidation.

目的:观察雌激素受体α及β(ERα及ERβ)在人良性前列腺增生(BPH)与BPH合并前列腺上皮内瘤变(PIN)组织中的表达及差异,探讨BPH向PIN转化过程中ERα及ERβ表达量的变化及临床意义.方法:采用免疫组织化学SP法检测30例人BPH组织(BPH组)与25例(BPH+PIN组)BPH合并PIN组织ERα和ERβ的表达状况.结果:两组标本中患者年龄及前列腺体积差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);ERα在2组中均有表达,其差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).ERβ在BPH组中的表达明显高于BPH+PIN组,两者差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论:相对于BPH组织,ERβ在BPH+PIN组中的表达明显减少,据此推论ERβ表达量的减少可能是BPH向PIN及前列腺癌(Pca)转化的危险信号,从而为临床上Pca的防治提供理论依据.

Objective To test the effectiveness of melittin in chronic prostatic pain model. Methods Adult male Spraque-Dawley rats were injected with complete freunds adjuvant (CFA) into the prostate to make chronic prostatic inflammation. Melittin was injected into the prostates of these models 12 days later. The nociceptive effects were evaluated by using a behavior approach ( mechanical threshold measurement) at the 6th, 12th, and 18th day respectively after intraprostatic injection of CFA. The level of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in prostate and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in spinal cord were detected by immunohistochemistry. The rats in control group were injected with normal saline. Results CFA induced rats local allodynia, increases in inflammatory cell quantity and COX-2 expression in prostate, and GFAP expression in spinal cord. Melittin injection significantly raised pain mechanical threshold and decreased inflammatory cells quantity, COX-2 and GFAP expression as compared with control group. Conclusion Local injection of melittin can raise pain threshold, inhibit accumulation of inflammatory cells and expression of COX-2 and GFAP, produce some analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects in rat chronic prostate pain model.

目的:探讨膀胱(尿道)阴道瘘的诊断、治疗和预防.方法:回顾分析23例膀胱阴道瘘患者的病因、临床表现、手术方法、治疗效果.结果:妇科手术所致膀胱阴道瘘占65.3%,临床表现为尿漏为主,早期手术不增加手术失败的风险,与晚期手术效果无差别.结论:妇科手术所致膀胱阴道瘘为最多见,膀胱(尿道)阴道瘘的手术时机和途径的选择需要因人(术者或患者)而异.

Objective: To review the outcomes of vesicovaginal (uretrovaginal) fistula after surgical treatments. Methods: The clinic data of 23 cases of vesicovaginal fistula were retrospectively analyzed from year 1995 to 2005. Results: The gynecological operations were the major factor of vesicovaginal fistula, the rate of was about 65.3%. There were no obvious difference therapeatic efficacy between early and late operation. Conclusion: Opportunity of vesicovaginal (uneterovayinal) fistula surgical treatment should be based on the patients' situation.

Objective To investigate the changes of germ and Sertoli cells and the protective effect of glutathione(GSH) in the contralateral testes of unilateral Cryptorchid rats.Methods Thirty male SD rats were divided into 3 groups:control group(A group),cryptorchid group(B group) and cryptorchid+GSH group(n=10 in each group).The concentration of GSH and malonic diethyl aldenyde(MDA) in testicular tissues was evaluated by using spectrophotometric method.Germ cell apoptosis was detected by terminal-deoxynudeotidyl transferase mediated d-UTD nick end labeling(TUNEL) method.The ultra-structure of Sertoli cells was observed under transmission electron microscopy.Results At 14th day after the operation,as compared with A group,the concentration of GSH in contralateral testes in B group was decreased significantly(P0.01),as well as the level of MDA and the number of apoptotic germ cell were increased significantly(P0.01),and the expansion of mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum was found in Sertoli cells.But as compared with B group,the above changes were lessened in C group.Conclusion The administration of GSH can protect the germ and Sertoli cells in the contralateral testes of the rat unilateral cryptorchid.

目的:探讨单侧隐睾鼠双侧睾丸生殖细胞和 Sertoli 细胞变化和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)对睾丸的保护作用.方法:30只SD雄性大鼠分为对照组(A组), 隐睾组 (B组),隐睾加 GSH组 (C组),每组各 10只.采用化学比色法测定双侧睾丸GSH、丙二醛(MDA)含量;生物素-dUTP/酶标亲和素法检测睾丸生殖细胞的凋亡;透射电镜观察Sertoli细胞的超微结构.结果:术后2周,与A组比较,B组双侧睾丸GSH明显降低,MDA和细胞凋亡明显增加(P<0.01), Sertoli细胞线粒体和滑面内质网扩张.C组这种变化则明显减轻(P<0.01),与A组比较无差别 (P>0.05).结论:外源性GSH对单侧隐睾鼠双侧睾丸生殖细胞和Sertoli细胞有保护作用.

重复肾双输尿管畸形是泌尿科常见畸形,常因无明显临床症状而不易发现.临床病例一般合并积水、泌尿系感染、结石等.1999～2004年武汉大学中南医院共收治15例,现结合文献及临床诊治经验进行探究.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of the contralateral testes damage of unilateral cryptorchid in gene expression.Methods Thiry male spraghe Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups equally:cryptorchidism group and control group.By using RT-PCR method,the mRNA expression levels of antioxidant related enzymes including glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX),copper/zine-superoxide dismutast (Cu/Zn-SOD) and catalase (CAT) in testes were detected.The concentration of malonic diethyl aidenyde (MDA) was evaluated by using spectrophotometric detemination.Germ cell apoptosis was detected by termina-deoxyuncleotidyl transferase mediated d-UTD nick end labeling method.Results At second week after operation,as compared to the control group,the mRNA expression level of GSH-PX and SOD in the cryptorchid group was decreased significantly,as well as the level of MDA and the number of apoptotic gern cell were increased significantly ( P 0.01).But the expression of CAT mRNA did not show significant change ( P 0.05).Conclusion The mRNA expression level of GSH-PX and SOD was decreased in the contralateral testes of unilateral cryptorchid following the increase of reactive oxygen species and germ cell apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of contralateral testicular impairment induced by unilateral cryptorchid in rats. Methods Thirty male Sprague Dawley rats were averagely divided into 3 groups: Group A, control group, Group B, cryptorchid group and Group C, cryptorchid combined with genitofemoral nerve (GFN) resection. The distribution of CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibers in testes was evaluated by means of immunohistochemical staining. Germ cell apoptosis was detected by terminal-de- oxynucleotidyl transferase mediated d-UTD nick end labeling. The concentration of malonic diethyl alde- hyde (MDA) in testes was measured by spectrophotometric determination. The ultra - structure of sertoli cells was observed under transmission electron microscopy. Results Compared with group A, the expres- sion of CGRP in the testes of group B was decreased significantly, while the level of MDA and the number of apoptotic germ cell were increased significantly in this group after 90 days of operation (P 0.01). However, the expression of CGRP in the testes of group C was higher while the level of MDA and the number of apoptotic germ cell were lower than those in group B (P 0.01). Conclusion Germ cell apop- tosis induced by CGRP reduction after GFN reflex might be responsible for the contralateral testicular im- pairment in unilateral cryptorchid in rats.