乳房形态学以及体积的测量可以帮助整形外科医生在乳房整形术前制定合理的手术方案，帮助假体型号的确定以及自体肌皮瓣切口的设计，有利于乳房整形外科朝着更便利、更精确、术后对称性更佳的方向发展。现代影像学三维重建技术的飞速发展，使得乳房形态学和体积的测量更为便捷和准确。本文对各类影像学测量手段进行系统性回顾，并分析其利弊与适用范围。

Objective To investigate effects of local flap or skin graft for the repair of facial basal cell carcinoma resec-tion. Methods Between July 2009 and Sept 2014, After intraoperative active rapid pathologic examination,92 patients with de-fect after facial basal cell carcinoma resection were repaired by local local flap(81 cases) or skin graft(11 cases). Results All cases exhibited excellent appearance and healed by firstintention without any hematoma, postoperative infection, or flap ( sink graft) necrosis. All patients were followed up6 months-36months. Conclusion Intraoperative active rapid pathologic examination guarantee complete excision in the resection of facial basal cell carcinoma, It is an ideal method torepaire the defect by local local flap or skin graf.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the predictability of preoperative serum Carbonhydrate antigen (CA19-9) and Carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) for tumor resectability in the patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HC). METHODS:One hundred and three HC patients pathologically diagnosed from 2003 to 2012 were divided into radical resection group and palliative treatment group according to their surgical therapy and resection results, and preoperative serum CA19-9 and CEA data was collected and analyzed retrospectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to find the best cut-off point, and the resectability prediction of different detection methods was evaluated. RESULTS:In the application of ROC analysis, the cut-off point of CA19-9 and CEA were 400 microg/L and 8 microg/L with the largest Youden's index 0. 2345 (AUC = 0.605 +/- 0.057) and 0. 1635 (AUC = 0.631 +/- 0.055) respectively. The ROC-AUC, sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value in the combine detection (parallel test) with this new cut-off point were 0.660 +/- 0.054, 62.79%, 65.00%, 56.25% and 83.33% respectively. CONCLUSION:The HC patients with "CA19-9 < 400 microg/L + CEA < 8 microg/L" may have big opportunity to have radical resection while those with "CA19-9 > or = 400 microg/L or CEA > or = 8 microg/L" may have small opportunity.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of surgical treatments for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma.Methods The clinical information of 156 patients from March 2007 to March 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into surgical resection group,biliary drainage group and palliative treatment group.The hospitalstay morbidity and mortality,and survival time were analyzed.Results Forty-five patients underwent surgical resection,78 biliary drainage,and 33 palliative treatments.The radical resection rate was 23.1%(36/156).The 1-,3-and 5-year cumulative survival rates were 64.4%-17.8%-0.0%,40.2%-12.6%-12.6%,and 17.7%-7.1%-0.0% in each group respectively.The surgical resection group had better survival situation than the other two groups(P 0.05).Conclusions Compulsive pre-resection bile duct drainage is not suggested,and R0 resection should not be over emphasized.Biliary drainage may prolong survival time.However,it may cause high biliary infection-related morbidity in the short and long terms.

解剖臀区及股后区深层结构时,经对比观察发现:该标本左下肢半腱肌发生了变异,其上附着有一块梭形肌肉(附图如下).