BackgroundCoronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19), a rising global pandemic, has triggered psychological crises among the public. Panic, a severe symptom of mental disorders, is increasing in the public in China and it is urgent to provide research for intervention development.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of public panic in China during the earliest stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and to explore the associated psychological behavioral responses and public's risk perception of the pandemic.MethodsA cross-sectional study using a web-based survey with convenience sampling was conducted with 2,484 participants nationally from February 11 to February 24, 2020 in China. A self-developed questionnaire was applied to assess the prevalence of public panic and its associated factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the risk and protective factors of public panic.ResultsThere were 23.39% (581/2,484) of the participants who reported experiencing panic during the earliest stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking temperature repeatedly, being nervous in a crowd, being suspicious of infection in the family, being worried about the future, and worries about high infectivity of the COVID-19, lack of effective therapies, and wide impact of the COVID-19 pandemic increased the odds of public panic. Whereas, avoiding gatherings during holidays was negatively associated with the odds of public panic.ConclusionsPsycho-behavioral responses were closely associated with public panic during the earliest stage of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Defusing excessive health-related worries, the guidance of appropriate self-protective behaviors, strengthening of health education in communities, and available treatment for mental disorders should be adopted to monitor the psychological responses and to guide the behaviors of the public.

Background: Stroke patients may suffer from a variety of symptoms which can result in sleep disturbance and post-stroke depression (PSD). Whereas, resilience can alleviate sleep disturbance and help maintain well-being after stroke. Objective: The aim of this study is to explore whether resilience plays a mediating role in the relationship between sleep disturbance and PSD of stroke patients in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a multi-stage sampling was carried out in Liaoning Rehabilitation Center and the Third People's Hospital of Chongqing in China from May to September 2019. A total of 353 stroke patients were enrolled in this study. Structural equation model (SEM) was used to test the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between sleep disturbance and PSD. Results: The prevalence of PSD of stroke patients was 34.56%. Sleep disturbance contributed most to the variance of PSD and had a significantly positive association with PSD among stroke patients ( P < 0.01). Resilience was negatively associated with PSD, and acted as a mediator between sleep disturbance and PSD (a * b = 0.201, BCa 95% CI: 0.156~0.254). Conclusions: The prevalence of PSD was high among the Chinese stroke patients. Sleep disturbance was highly associated with PSD, resulting in the increased risk of PSD. Furthermore, resilience has a mediating effect on the relationship between sleep disturbance and PSD, and could reduce the negative effect of sleep disturbance on the development of PSD.

Background Prenatal anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental disorders during pregnancy. This study assessed the prevalence of prenatal anxiety and examined whether resilience could play the mediating role in the association between self-efficacy and symptoms of prenatal anxiety among pregnant women in China. Methods A nationwide smartphone cross-sectional study was carried out in three cities (Shenyang of Liaoning Province, Zhengzhou of Henan Province and Chongqing Municipality) in China from July 2018 to July 2019. The questionnaire consisted of questions on demographic characteristics, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Chinese version of General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES), and the 14-item Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (RS-14). A total of 665 pregnant women were recruited in this study. A hierarchical multiple regression model was employed to explore the associate factors and mediators of symptoms of prenatal anxiety. A structural equation model was employed to test the hypothesis that resilience mediates the association between self-efficacy and symptoms of prenatal anxiety. Results The prevalence of symptoms of prenatal anxiety was 36.4% in this study. Self-efficacy was negatively correlated with symptoms of prenatal anxiety ( r = -0.366, P < 0.01). Resilience had a significant positive correlation with self-efficacy ( r = 0.612, P < 0.01) and had a negative correlation with symptoms of prenatal anxiety ( r = -0.427, P < 0.01). The hierarchical multiple regression model indicated that self-efficacy and resilience were the main factors associated with symptoms of prenatal anxiety and contributed to 11.9% and 6.3% to the variance of symptoms of prenatal anxiety, respectively. Resilience served as a mediator between self-efficacy and symptoms of prenatal anxiety (a*b = -0.198, Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap 95% Confidence interval: -0.270, -0.126). Conclusions Self-efficacy was a negative predictor of symptoms of prenatal anxiety among pregnant women. Moreover, resilience mediated the relation between self-efficacy and symptoms of prenatal anxiety among pregnant women in China. It was observed in this study that psychological interventions might be beneficial for pregnant women to relieve symptoms of prenatal anxiety through improved self-efficacy and resilience.

目的 探讨脑卒中患者家庭照顾者的焦虑现状,脑卒中患者家庭照顾者的压力、自我效能与焦虑之间的关系,分析自我效能在压力和焦虑之间的中介作用.方法 选取脑卒中患者家庭照顾者490例,采用自我效能量表(GSES量表)、压力量表(CSI量表)、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)来调查分析脑卒中患者家庭照顾者的压力水平、自我效能水平和焦虑现状,并采用多元分层回归分析找出焦虑的影响因素.结果 脑卒中患者家庭照顾者在不同压力水平下,自我效能、焦虑水平均有差异(P<0.01).脑卒中患者家庭照顾者压力与焦虑水平呈正相关(P<0.01);自我效能与焦虑水平呈负相关(P<0.01).照顾者的自我效能在压力和焦虑之间起着部分中介作用(P<0.01),且压力和自我效能能够预测其焦虑水平.结论 降低照料者压力水平、提升自我效能感,能够有效改善并减轻脑卒中患者家庭照顾者的焦虑程度.

BACKGROUND:The rapid outbreak of COVID-19 around the world has adversely affected the mental health of the public. The prevalence of anxiety among the public has increased dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are few studies evaluating the effects of positive psychological responses and information-seeking behaviors on anxiety experienced among social media users during the COVID-19 pandemic.OBJECTIVE:This study evaluated the prevalence of anxiety and its associated factors among WeChat users in mainland China during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.METHODS:From February 10 to February 24, 2020, a nationwide, web-based cross-sectional survey study was carried out using convenience sampling. Participants' levels of anxiety, positive psychological responses, and information-seeking behaviors were assessed. The survey was distributed among WeChat users via the WeChat smartphone platform. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the factors associated with anxiety.RESULTS:This study found that the prevalence of anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item [GAD-7] scale score ≥7) among WeChat users in China was 17.96% (446/2483) during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that information-seeking behaviors such as cannot stop searching for information on COVID-19, being concerned about the COVID-19 pandemic, and spending more than 1 hour per day consuming information about the pandemic were found to be associated with increased levels of anxiety. Additionally, participants who chose social media and commercial media as the primary sources to obtain information about the COVID-19 pandemic were found more likely to report anxiety. Conversely, participants who were confident or rational about the COVID-19 pandemic were less likely to report anxiety.CONCLUSIONS:This study found that positive psychological responses and information-seeking behaviors were closely associated with anxiety among WeChat users during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. It might be paramount to enhance mental well-being by helping people respond to the COVID-19 pandemic more rationally and positively in order to decrease symptoms of anxiety.

目的 了解医学生性行为现状以及主要影响因素,为开展大学生性健康教育提供依据.方法 采用滚雪球抽样方法,对辽宁省沈阳市某医学院校大学生进行手机问卷调查,回收问卷750份,其中有效问卷698份,问卷有效率为93.1％.结果 医学院学生性行为发生率为12.6％.男生性行为发生率(17.6％)显著高于女生性行为发生率(10.0％).logistic回归分析结果表明性别(OR=1.991,95％CI:1.225～3.236)、平均月花费(OR=1.563,95％CI:1.092～2.237)、偶尔或经常饮酒(OR=1.813,95％CI:1.123～2.926)、认为男女比例会影响性取向(OR=1.687,95％CI:1.054～2.701)是性行为发生的危险因素.结论 在医学生中开展性健康教育,引导学生减少由于性别比例分布不均而导致的性行为的发生.通过普及性知识、树立正确性意识和性观念、合理消费、控制饮酒等角度引导大学生树立安全性行为观念.

目的:分析我国各省在推进"互联网+医疗健康"发展中政策工具的使用情况,发现政策工具在选择和构建方面存在的具体问题,以期为我国"互联网+医疗健康"政策调整和优化提供参考依据.方法:基于Rothwell和Zegveld政策工具编码分类,进行频数统计分析,确定政策工具的使用情况.结果:通过对24份政策文件进行政策工具单元分析整理,各省综合运用了供给型、需求型和环境型三类政策工具,占比分别为55.33％、17.13％和27.54％.结论:我国现有的"互联网+医疗健康"政策工具以供给型为主,应当结合未来的发展趋势,增加需求型、环境型政策工具使用,优化各类型政策工具的内部结构,进一步完善相关政策体系.

Prenatal anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental disorders in prenatal period. Self-efficacy and resilience, the well-known positive resources, could help prevent the symptoms of anxiety during pregnancy. This study assessed the prevalence of prenatal anxiety and examine whether resilience could play a mediating role in the relationship between self-efficacy and prenatal anxiety of Chinese pregnant women. From July 2018 to July 2019, a multi-site smart phone survey was carried out in three cities (Shenyang in Liaoning province, Zhengzhou in Henan province and Chongqing) in China. A total of 665 pregnant women participated in the study. A hierarchical multiple regression (HMR) model was used to test the predictors and mediators of prenatal anxiety. A structural equation model (SEM) was applied to test the hypothesis that resilience mediates the relationship between self-efficacy and prenatal anxiety. The HMR model indicated that self-efficacy contributed most to the variance (11.9%) of prenatal anxiety and had a significant negative correlation with prenatal anxiety (P<0.01) among pregnant women. Resilience had a significant positive correlation with self-efficacy (P<0.01) and was negatively correlated with prenatal anxiety (P<0.01). Resilience served as a mediator between self-efficacy and prenatal anxiety (a*b = -0.198, BCa 95% CI: -0.270, -0.126). Self-efficacy was a negative predictor of prenatal anxiety for pregnant women. Moreover, resilience played a mediating role on the association between self-efficacy and prenatal anxiety among pregnant women in nationwide China. This study suggested that pregnant women might benefit from interventions to relieve prenatal anxiety through improved self-efficacy and the mediating path of resilience.

近年来,构建话语表达体系、建立中国制度性话语权的研究蔚为壮观.何为制度性话语权,又何为中国的制度性话语权是值得探讨的问题.从WTO到SDR,这一时期中国形成了对内、对外的较为完善的中国特色社会主义制度体系.这一制度体系的形成也促成了中国在国际社会取得制度性话语权.

从第一个五年卫生计划至今,我国已经制定和实施了十三个卫生发展五年规(计)划.文章对从"一五"到"十三五"卫生发展规(计)划进行了系统回顾,分析了卫生规划在推动卫生健康科学发展方面发挥的历史作用,总结了新中国成立70年来卫生规划制定实施的历史经验,并对新时期如何健全卫生规划体系和更好地发挥规划引领作用提出了若干建议.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的了解我国医疗卫生政策发展状况和未来关注。方法通过文献计量分析和CiteSpace可视化图谱相结合的方式,以"医疗卫生政策"为主题,选取CSSCI数据库（2003—2018年）617篇文献为样本数据进行作者、研究机构、关键词等方面聚类分析。结果我国医疗卫生政策研究在2009年处于爆发期,相关研究机构已初具规模,但相互间合作程度较低;分级诊疗、公益性、公立医院和医改等是目前医疗卫生政策研究前沿课题。结论我国医疗卫生政策研究主体之间应开展更为广泛的交流合作,研究内容和方法应适时进行广角化、动态化拓展。</span>

辽宁省是东北人口最多的省份,老年人口基数大、增长快、“未富先老”的现象十分突出.本文通过总结分析近几年政府公布的相关数据,了解辽宁省健康养老产业发展的基本现状和存在的主要问题,并结合辽宁省的实际情况,提出对策建议,以期为辽宁省人口老龄化问题的缓解和健康养老产业的发展提供借鉴.

1949年～1978年这一历史阶段,受计划经济管理的影响,中国医疗保障制度建设始终未能走向现代医疗保障制度发展的道路.但改革开放前中国医疗保障制度却以“低水平、广覆盖”为原则,在经济发展水平较低的历史时期,树立了世界初级卫生保健榜样的形象.从新中国建立到改革开放前,城市医疗保障建立在公费医疗和劳保医疗两大制度之上,在农村则由农民自发创举了农村合作医疗制度.

面对当前高校思想政治理论课的课堂现状,以“三三制”概括其基本状态;强调思想政治理论课与学生生活的紧密联系;分析思想政治理论课所承载的“应该是怎么样”的三个“价值悬设”;借喻后马克思思潮对布尔乔亚生活的批判,反思思想政治理论课与当下中国现实生活的关系,进而尝试如何从教师和学生两个方面来重构贴近生活的思想政治理论课教学.

目的 探讨我国大陆31个省区市2014年人口出生率、死亡率和自然增长率的分布特点,并根据不同地区的人口数据特点进行聚类分析,为不同地区的人口政策制定提供参考.方法 收集2014年我国31个省区的人口出生率、死亡率和自然增长率数据,对其进行统计描述分析和Q型系统聚类分析, Q型聚类分析的距离测量采用类平均法. 结果 我国人口变动的总体特点为低出生率、低死亡率和低自然增长率,但各地区数据各有特点.系统聚类分析显示,东北三省以明显的低出生率和低自然增长率的共同特点,单独聚为一类;新疆和西藏则以高出生率和高自然增长率单独聚为一类.结论 根据不同省市区的人口变动数据,应用系统聚类分析法对地区进行分类的结果,基本符合我国各地的人口发展规律和特点,对了解我国不同地区的人口变动特征及有关部门制定相应的人口政策有一定参考意义.

In the medical market, it is necessary to clarify the meaning of the "government" and the "market", and reconstruct the relations between government and market.By analyzing the differences between the "government-oriented" health care system and the "market-oriented" health care system in the practice of health care reform, the authors argued that the different understandings towards this issue in the East and the West led to different paths of medical reforms.It emphasized the returning of the research perspective of political economy would open up a new path for the current allocation of health resources to find more consensus for the reform of the medical market.It is necessary to design policy path for medical market reform from the concept of value, to evaluate the health care reform in the historical relations of production, so as to promote the deepening of new medical reform and achieve the goal of harmonious grow through the "supply side reform".

Objective To describe the seasonal characteristics of hand?foot?and?mouth disease ,and to provide reference for disease prevention and control measures from 2014 to 2016. Methods Disease incidence data were collected from the websites of the national disease control organi?zation. Circular distribution was constructed to calculate the peak season of the disease ,and the Rayleigh test was used to determine if a peak sea?son exists. Results Seasonal characteristics of disease incidence were evident. More cases were reported during late spring and early summer than other seasons. The first peak season was in May and June;a second peak was not obvious but it existed in late autumn and early winter every year before. Conclusion According to the seasonal characteristics of the disease ,Department of Health should actively implement measures before and during the peak season to reduce the incidence of hand?foot?and?mouth disease.

从经济模式上来说,新中国医疗保障体系的发展经历了从计划经济体制向市场经济体制转变的过程.改革开放以来,随着商品经济乃至市场经济在理论和实践中的运用,计划经济时代的公费医疗和劳保医疗制度逐步向现代医疗保障制度转变,我国城市医疗保障制度实现了从理念到架构的重塑.

将罗尔斯的政治哲学研究引入卫生经济学领域,通过对卫生资源配置的公平正义分析,为卫生经济学注入新的研究视角.在方法论上实现政治哲学与卫生经济学的交叉,结合罗尔斯的正义理论,阐述基本卫生保健的正义性;进而阐释正义的两个原则在卫生经济学中的运用,并对“政府”与“市场”两种配置卫生资源方式进行政治哲学解析;最后探讨的是公平正义理念对当前我国医药卫生体制改革的指导作用,寄希望于将程序、结果的公平正义引入当前我国的医药卫生体制改革中,为改革寻找基于基本的健康权共识性的重叠意识.