针对高校生物实验室目前的安全教育现状,分析了利用微信公众平台开展实验室安全教育的可行性,构建了一种基于微信公众平台的高校生物实验室安全教育模式.该模式打破了时间、空间的限制,激发了学生安全学习的热情,强化了安全意识,提高了安全技能,进一步保障了实验操作中人身、财产安全.从提高微信关注度、优化教育内容、培养微信管理骨干等方面给予实施建议,旨在为高校安全教育管理工作提供切实有效的实践参考.

Corpus luteum,an important endocrine tissue in mammalian ovary,plays a role in the regulation of reproductive cycle and the establishment of early pregnancy.While studying the luteal development and its molecular regulation,we have discovered a variety of immune cells,such as T lymphocytes,macrophages,neutrophils,and eosinophils,in the corpus luteum.These immune cells accumulate and support luteal angiogenesis and progesterone production during the luteal development,thus participating in the regulation of luteal functions.In luteal regression,prostaglandin F2 can stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines,which help immune cells enter the corpus luteum and enhance the decomposition of corpus luteum through inflammatory reactions.According to our research achievements,we reviewed the roles of different types of immune cells in the development and degradation of mammalian luteal functions,aiming to further understand the biology of corpus luteum and provide a reference for the clinical manipulation of luteal functions.

Owing to the avascular structure of the ovarian follicle, proliferation of granulosa cells (GCs) and development of follicles occur under hypoxia, which is obviously different from the cell survival requirements of most mammalian cells. We hypothesized that autophagy may exert an inhibitory effect on GC apoptosis. To decipher the underlying mechanism, we constructed a rat follicular development model using pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and a cell culture experiment in hypoxic conditions (3% O2). The present results showed that the autophagy level was obviously increased and was accompanied by the concomitant elevation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and BNIP3 (Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa-interacting protein 3) in GCs during follicular development. The levels of Bax (Bcl2-associated X) and Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2) were increased, while the activation of caspase-3 exhibited no obvious changes during follicular development. However, inhibition of HIF-1α attenuated the increase in Bcl-2 and promoted the increase in Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Furthermore, we observed the downregulation of BNIP3 and the decrease in autophagy after treatment with a specific HIF-1α activity inhibitor (echinomycin), indicating that HIF-1α/BNIP3 was involved in autophagy regulation in GCs in vivo. In an in vitro study, we also found that hypoxia did not obviously promote GC apoptosis, while it significantly enhanced the activation of HIF-1α/BNIP3 and the induction of autophagy. Expectedly, this effect could be reversed by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) treatment. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that hypoxia drives the activation of HIF-1α/BNIP3 signaling, which induces an increase in autophagy, protecting GC from apoptosis during follicular development.

Objective: The past four decades have witnessed rapid improvement in living standards worldwide, and nutritional obesity has attracted increasing attention. To further understand the cardiovascular complications caused by a high-fat diet (HFD), there is an immediate need to focus on the effects of HFD on vascular structure and functions. Methods: The effects of HFD on physiological and biochemical indices were evaluated using ELISA kits, and the associated vascular abnormalities were investigated using microscopy and vasodilatation examination. Besides, NLRP3 inflammasome expression and activation were assessed by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and RT-qPCR assays. Results: Body weight and plasma insulin levels were found to be significantly increased in the HFD group by the third week, while fasting glucose concentrations and insulin resistance index apparently increased by the sixth week, and the changes in aortic structures occurred at the ninth week, suggesting that insulin resistance contributed to the elevated fasting glucose in the HFD group in a time-dependent pattern, following the pathological changes of aortic tissues. Further analysis showed increased expression and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the HFD group, which might have inhibited the vasodilatation during the sixth week. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in promoting HFD-induced vascular dysfunction.

仪器共享是推进地方高校科研工作的重要举措.针对地方高校科研仪器共享存在的缺乏凝聚合力、人员配备、激励机制等问题,结合仪器共享的软硬件支撑条件,提出从健全组织机构、建立管理平台、完善人员配置、加强经费调控、开展效率评价、完善激励机制等六个方位,建立仪器共享"六位一体"机制,提升科研仪器共享水平,创造优良的科研条件.

Scientific research laboratory in colleges and universities is an important place to cultivate and explore the mystery of scientific research, and its safe operation is related to the sustainable development of colleges and universities as well as the safety of life and property of teachers and students. Based on the analysis of the present situation and existing problems of the scientific research laboratory in colleges and universities, this paper puts forward the establishment of the laboratory safety management organization system, the perfection of the rules and regulations, the implementation of the laboratory safety responsibility system, and the standardization of the construction of the scientific research laboratory, increasing the investment in the safety of existing laboratories, safety education of scientific research laboratories, and modern information management methods to promote the sustainable and healthy development of scientific research.

在哺乳动物中,巨噬细胞是一种多功能细胞,大量存在于生殖组织中,在免疫反应中起关键作用.卵巢中的巨噬细胞可以通过表面受体的表达来鉴定,在不同发情周期阶段的特殊定位和分布变化表明巨噬细胞在卵巢卵泡发育、排卵和黄体形成及退化时的组织重构中具有不同的作用.同时,巨噬细胞参与卵泡发育及其排卵过程,如吞噬和降解外来抗原,基质溶解和组织重塑,细胞因子、趋化因子和生长因子的产生和分泌.因此,在先前研究基础上,该文综述了哺乳动物卵巢巨噬细胞的功能及其在卵泡发育与排卵过程中的作用,初步分析了巨噬细胞在卵巢疾病中的作用,旨在进一步理解哺乳动物卵巢生物学的内容,并为多囊卵巢综合征和卵巢早衰等卵巢疾病进行早期诊断和治疗提供重要参考资料.

In mammals, developing ovarian follicles transform from primordial follicles to primary follicles, secondary follicles, and mature follicles, accompanied by changes in follicular secretory functions. FoxO3a is a member of the forkhead transcription factor family (FoxO), which plays an important role in the cell cycle, DNA damage repair, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and energy metabolism. Recent studies have shown that FOXO3a is involved in the physiological regulation of follicular development and pathological progression of related ovarian diseases, which will provide useful concepts and strategies for retarding ovarian aging, prolonging the ovarian life span, and treating ovarian diseases. Therefore, the regulation of FOXO3a expression, as well as the physiological contribution during ovarian follicular development are detailed in this paper, presenting an important reference for the further study of ovarian biology.

In mammals, the follicular development and following ovulation are regulated by reproductive hormones, while polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder syndrome with reproductive dysfunction and abnormal glucose metabolism in most PCOS women. Its characteristics are hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction, and the exclusion of other androgen excess or related diseases. Its clinical characteristics are large antral follicle pool from which to recruit and persistent anovulation. The incidence of PCOS in women of childbearing age ranged from 4 to 12%. About one-third of infertility cases had no ovulation, and 90% of them had PCOS. Therefore, further studying the regulatory mechanism of follicular hyperrecruitment and anovulation can provide theoretical basis for exploring the pathogenesis of PCOS and guiding clinical treatment, especially for protecting female fertility and preventing the occurrence of metabolic disorder syndrome. The present article will review the progress in endocrine characteristics and regulatory mechanism of follicular development and ovulation failure in the mammalian ovary.

肾脏纤维化是原发或继发性肾脏病持续进展至终末期肾病的共同病理过程.1-磷酸鞘氨醇是一种具有生物活性的神经鞘脂类代谢物,参与组织纤维化的发生.研究发现,1-磷酸鞘氨醇在成纤维细胞转分化为肌成纤维细胞过程以及纤维化早期阶段炎症反应的诱导中发挥着关键作用.本文主要介绍1-磷酸鞘氨醇在肾脏纤维化中的作用及其调控,旨在更进一步认识肾脏纤维化发病机制,为肾脏纤维化疾病的预防及治疗提供新的靶向.

以新鲜永泰产青梅为原料,通过糖渍制得青梅露,分别对鲜青梅和青梅露的维生素、矿物质及水解氨基酸等基本营养成分进行测定,同时采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用分析法对二者的挥发性香气组分进行分析.结果表明:鲜青梅和青梅露均含有丰富的维生素及矿物质,且青梅露的维生素B2较鲜青梅大幅增加.青梅露较好地保存了鲜青梅中原有的氨基酸成分,药效氨基酸丰富,鲜味氨基酸含量高,且氨基酸均衡度略优于鲜青梅.糖渍后青梅挥发性香气组分由16种增加为40种,以醇类、酯类、醛类、有机酸为主.苯甲醛是鲜青梅的特征香气组分.

通过对高校生物类研究生进行自填式问卷调查,了解其对生物实验室安全知识的认知情况.调查显示他们对生物安全的认识存在有诸多不足,同时学校在系统化安全教育方面的工作还有待提高.基于此,建议高校从加强实验室安全设施建设、建立健全安全管理制度、定期开展实验室安全教育、切实发挥导师的指导作用、培养学生良好的科研工作习惯以及利用现代化技术进一步保障实验室的安全等方面,提高学生对实验室生物安全的认知,以期达到加强实验室生物安全管理的目的.

高校实验室是进行实验教学和科研的地方,是培养创新性能力的重要场所.随着危化品使用种类及数量的增多,如何实现危化品安全有效的管理是各高校面临的重要课题.针对高校目前危化品安全管理现状进行了深入分析,探讨了危化品管理的方法和对策,为危化品的安全监管提供依据,使实验室最大可能地降低危化品事故的风险.

低值易耗品是高校教学与科研工作中不可缺少的材料,是实验教学和科研顺利开展的重要保障.如何对其进行科学规范化管理,使其最大程度地发挥作用,是高校实验室资产工作的重要内容.针对目前高校实验室低值易耗品管理的现状和存在的问题,在转变思想观念、完善管理规章制度、构建网络管理平台、提高管理队伍素质、加强监督管理等方面进行了一系列有深度的探索和实践,旨在提高管理服务水平和工作效率,进而为深化实验室管理改革、提高资源优化配置提供一定的参考.

虚拟现实技术伴随着计算机通讯技术、多媒体技术和仿真技术的快速发展而日趋成熟,具有沉浸性、交互性、多感知性和构想性等特征优势,且在医学教学实践中日趋得以广泛应用,并展示出强大的教学应用潜力.对虚拟现实技术的内涵,特征,研究现状,以及在医学教学实践中的各方面应用进行了归纳总结,并进一步阐述了这一技术在应用中的优缺点,为探索如何利用虚拟现实技术更高效地完成教学任务、提高教学质量提供一定的参考.

虚拟实验室综合利用各项高新技术构建虚拟仿真的学习环境,为传统教学提供一种新的教学模式和教学手段.简要介绍了虚拟实验室的内涵、国内外的发展概况以及在生物教学中的实际应用,并进一步阐述了在实际应用中的优缺点,为探索如何利用虚拟实验室更高效地完成生物教学任务、提高教学质量提供一定的参考.

对福建省云霄县枇杷果园产的4月份早钟和解放钟两种枇杷果实表面酵母菌群分离并进行特征分析和分子鉴定,为开发枇杷酒酿造专用酵母资源提供依据.研究通过富集培养和划线分离,从成熟的枇杷果皮上分离出203株酵母,经菌落形态和镜检进行初筛选出17类不同形态酵母,进行真菌核糖体RNA（rRNA）基因ITS（Internal Transcribed Spacer）序列测定及系统发育分析,确定9属13种酵母.研究分离得到菌株,为构建特色型枇杷酒酵母提供基因资源,同时也可为枇杷果实的储藏等研究提供参考.

实验室不仅是教学和科研的重要场所,也是培养创新型人才的摇篮.然而随着教育的改革,实验室管理问题日渐突出.针对实验室管理现状及问题展开了一系列的讨论,提出了建立并完善制度、强化实验队伍、建设多功能型实验室等方法,从而有效地提高了实验室管理效率,确保实验室的良好发展和有利竞争.

实验室是高校教学和科研任务的主要场所,而实验室安全则是保证实验顺利进行的前提.文章论述了高校实验室存在的主要问题,并针对问题结合时代的特征,提出了加强安全教育、建立并完善制度、改善实验设施等建议,旨在为师生营造一个绿色、和谐、稳定的实验环境,为实验室的管理人员提供参考意见.