Objective To prepare LID-PLGA nanospheres (LID-PLGA-Ns) with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) for the study of the release properties in vitro. Methods The nanospheres were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The drug-loading, encapsulation efficiency and release in vitro were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. Results The prepared LID-PLGA-Ns were even and uniform spheres with mean particle size of (174.5±15.2)nm in diameter. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were 12.48% and 34.30%, respectively. The in vitro release profile of nanospheres was found to agree with Higuchi equation, with t1/2=3.45 d . Conclusion The prepared nanospheres loaded with lidocaine are of slow-release function in vitro.

Objective To build a 3D non-uniform rational B-spline(NURBS) female pelvic model based on Chinese visible human(CVH) datasets.Methods Pelvic structures were segmented with Photoshop from CVH datasets and a set of contours were obtained.Triangular mesh was generated from these contours and then imported into Rhinoceros program for NURBS surface reconstruction.Results The bladder,rectum,uterus,ovary,vessels,vagina,ureter,thighbone and urethra were segmented from the pelvic datasets and a 3D NURBS female pelvic model was reconstructed.The obtained model was realistic,distinct and satisfactory for the true object and stereoscopic sensation.Conclusion NURBS surface reconstruction of female pelvic structures are validated and the digital model can be used to provide a platform for anatomical training,surgical simulation and sports medicine.

Objective:To provide abundant and various model of laryngeal,therefore extending teaching approaches to study anatomy of laryngeal via digital simulation.Methods:The laryngeal structures were precisely segmented on the 2D images of laryngeal region from the CVH2 on manual discernment.After registration of the images,the high accuracy data sets were built,and then the colorized segmented images were transformed into gray images by using our own software.The laryngeal structures were reconstructed and 3D displayed in the virtual reality system of Amira software.All reconstructed structures of the digital anatomical model of laryngeal were represented individually or jointly.The inner organs data pruned,enlarged and rotated in any orientation so that the inner structure of laryngeal can be observed clearly and conveniently by human-computer interactional equipment.Results:The high accuracy digital anatomical model of the laryngeal was built,which provided a visual display of laryngeal.The model could be used unlimitedly.The anatomical structures of the laryngeal were displayed visually in the virtual reality system.Conclusion:The digital anatomical model of the laryngeal based on the data of Chinese Visible Human can be used to simulate anatomic teaching of the laryngeal.It can display minute structures of the laryngeal.

Objective To construct a three-dimensional (3-D) finite element hip model including acetabular bone, cartilage, labrum and bone, cartilage of femoral head based on Chinese visible human dataset for biomechanics. Methods The images of hip dataset in Chinese visible human (CVH) were obtained for construction of hip biomechanical model. A hip model including acetabular bone, cartilage, labrum and bone, cartilage of femoral head was constructed with AutoCAD and Solidworks software by using these images. The hip model was imported into ABAQUS analysis system for meshing of the hip joint contact surface, and then loading test (400 N) was performed at 5 hip flexion and 20 external rotation. The contact pressure distribution on the cartilage and labrum was observed. Results The constructed 3-D hip model reflected the real hip anatomy. The constructed 3-D finite element hip model reflected biomechanical behavior similar to the results from previous researches. Conclusion The hip dataset of CVH can be used for accurate 3-D reconstruction. The construction of the 3-D finite element hip model can avoid some disadvantages by other construction methods, such as imprecision of cartilage construction and absence of labrum, and hence can provide basic data which are critical for accurately modeling normal loads as well as for observation of abnormal conditions of the hip.