Objective:To observe the attention processing characteristics of the pilots experiencing black hole illusion, and to provide quantitative data references for flight simulation training guided by eye movement fixation based on the eye movement mode of the pilots with high flight performance score.Methods:The pilots who underwent the transformation training were selected by cluster sampling. Their original flight performance scores were converted into percentile grades. The top 10 and bottom 10 pilots were assigned as high and low score groups. Their eye movement data were recorded when they were completing the night approach and landing task on the flight illusion simulator. The correlation between eye movement data and flight performance in the simulation task were analyzed, and the eye movement patterns of pilots with different flight performance were compared.Results:Thirty-six valid subjects were selected. A total of 12 eye movement indexes were correlated with flight performance ( r=0.334-0.398, all P<0.05). Three eye movement indexes, including peak velocity of exit saccade from attitude indicator of head-up display (HUD), the percentage of total duration of fixations on airspeed indicator of HUD to the total task duration and average duration of whole fixations on attitude indicator could establish a linear regression model with flight performance ( R2=0.422, F=7.77, P<0.001). The percentage of total duration of whole fixations on airspeed indicator of HUD to the total task duration in high score group [(4.38±3.48)%] was higher than that in low score group [(1.72±1.32)%], and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.25, P=0.045). And the average peak velocity of exit saccade from attitude indicator of HUD in high score group [(358.85±171.40)°/s] was higher than that in low score group [(221.14±92.60)°/s], and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.24, P=0.038). Conclusions:Eye movement index in the night approach and landing task can be used as an evaluation index of attention ability of pilots in black hole illusion simulation and experience task.

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness of pilot′s arousal adjustment ability training.Methods:Thirty-five pilots were divided into test group (18 cases) and control group (17 cases) according to the order of entering Air Force Healthcare Center for Special Services, Dujiangyan. In the same simulated flight task, the test group conducted the trained method to adjust arousal ability, while the control group took the deep breathing relaxation method for self-regulation. For analyzing the effects of arousal adjustment training, the physiological and psychological indicators, scores of subjective scale and flight performance were compared between groups and the formal 2 were also compared between before and after the simulated flight task.Results:①During the simulation flight task, the test group had significantly higher EEG α wave amplitudes than the control group ( Z=2.36, 2.16, 1.96, P=0.008, 0.015, 0.025). ② Profile of Mood States Scale indicated that the scores of tension and energy in test group after task were higher than those before task ( t=2.32, 2.66, P=0.033, 0.017); the scores of tension and panic before the task were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=2.20, 2.23, P=0.042, 0.032), and the scores of fatigue and total mood disturbance (TMD) after the task were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t=2.27, 2.39, P=0.035, 0.023). The self-evaluation score of arousal in test group was significantly higher than that in control group after the task ( t=2.16, P=0.040). ③The scores of four-fold task in the simulated flight task in test group were statistically higher than that in control group ( t=2.11, P=0.043). Conclusions:Through daily arousal adjustment ability training, pilots can obtain and remember "the best state" of the previous flight, and improve their technical capabilities to the best level when performing the flight tasks.

目的 调查了解空军某部医疗科研人员心理健康状况,为提高群体心理健康水平提供参考.方法 采用明尼苏达多项人格测验量表(MMPI),对某部队2098名医疗科研人员进行团体心理测评,并进行分析比较.结果 剔除390名不合格者,最终参与数据统计的1708医疗科研名人员中,心理测验阳性被试者225人,占总人数的13.17％.男性组说谎(lie,L)量表、校正(correction,K)量表、癔病(hysteria,Hy)量表分显著高于全国常模(P<0.01);女性组L、K、Hy、男性化-女性化(masculinity-femininity,Mf)量表分显著高于全国常模(P<0.01),其余量表显著低于全国常模(P<0.01).对男女性别组间进行比较,男性组精神病态(psychopathic deviate,Pd)、轻躁狂(hypomania,Ma)量表分显著高于女性组(P<0.01);男性组疑病(hypochondriasis,Hs)、抑郁(depression,D)、Hy、Mf、精神衰弱(psychasthenia,Pt)、社会内向(social introversion,Si)量表分显著低于女性组(P<0.01).对年龄组间差异比较,除Hy量表外,其余量表差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01);≤29岁组与30～49岁组、≥50岁组比较,诈病(Validity,F)、K、Hs、D、Pd、Mf、妄想(paranoia,Pa)、Pt、精神分裂(schizophrenia,Sc)、Ma、Si量表差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).按文化程度进行比较,除K、Hy、Ma量表外,其余量表差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);本科以下组与本科组、硕士及以上组比较,量表F、Hs、D、Pd、Pa、Pt、Sc、Si差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 部队医疗科研单位整体心理健康状况优于全国常模,但对29岁以下较低年龄段的低学历群体需要更多关注.

随着先进科技发展与智能化交互技术应用,飞机座舱的人机交互系统设计日趋复杂,在保证飞行员任务完成的前提下如何进一步提高信息获取效率、提升交互体验满意度,是未来飞机座舱人机交互设计面临的重大挑战.笔者围绕飞机座舱的人机交互系统开展综述研究,深入剖析了座舱人机交互系统的发展沿革与技术应用现状,梳理并提取了面向未来飞机座舱智能化设计的人机交互关键技术,重点关注其技术发展与标准研究情况.结果表明:未来座舱的人机交互设计发展离不开智能化技术的加持与赋能,诸如曲面显示、全息显示、以及多通道交互等新型人机交互技术,具有良好的应用前景,而这种交互方式的升级,也会为飞机设计人员和飞行员带来新的问题与挑战.

Objective: To construct a technical method of cognitive behavior training for the maritime flight, verified the application effect. Methods: (1): The present study investigated the psychological problems and demands of logistics support of the pilots in maritime flight training. (2) The multimedia technology was adopted to complete the maritime flight cognitive behavior training technology. (3) The maritime flight cognitive behavior effect questionnaire was adopted to conduct an effect analysis. Results: (1) The common psychological problems, psychological stress sources, and psychological safeguard demands of maritime flight were analyzed. (2) The filmed teaching film had a total of 10 episodes, which systematically illustrated the physiological and psychological influence, illusion prevention, nutrition guarantee, sleep management, and other knowledge of maritime flight. (3) The effect evaluation questionnaire showed that pilots were able to quickly understand and comprehend the knowledge points of the maritime flight. Conclusion: Maritime flight cognitive training can enable pilots to understand and evaluate maritime flight tasks accurately.

目的 构建海上飞行预适应心理训练的技术方法 并验证效果,为后续应用提供科学参考.方法 采用4D仿真技术构建海上飞行预适应心理训练技术,并通过海上飞行及航空医学专家的主观体验,对训练效果进行主观评估;以飞行锻炼员等15人采用被试内配对设计,采集训练前基线和训练中的生理指标:心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)、脑电波(electroencephalogram,EEG)、皮肤电导反应(skin conductance response,SCR)、肌电(electromyography,EMG)等数据,对训练效果进行客观评估.结果 构建的海上飞行预适应心理训练场景主要包括海上飞行环境特点、飞行座舱环境特点以上飞行作战中常见战术动作、攻击流程和方式,专家评估后认为可以供飞行员在海上飞行前进行针对性预适应训练;HRV指标:与基线比较,训练中时域各指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),频域指标:极低频功率(very low frequency,VLF)指标有显著性升高(P<0.05);EEG指标:与基线比较,训练中θ波最大值(maximum theta wave,Maxθ)、α波最大值(maximum alpha wave,Maxα)、SMR波最大值(maximum sellsorimotor rhythm wave,Max SMR)、低β波最大值(maximum low beta wave,Max lowβ)、高β波最大值(maximum high beta wave,Max highβ)、SMR波平均值(average sellsorimotor rhythm wave,Ave SMR)升高(P<0.05);其他生理指标与基线比较,训练中SCR显著升高(P<0.01).结论 针对性飞行预适应心理训练可以提升飞行员在海上险恶环境下遂行作战任务的心理适应和承受能力,并熟悉常用的海上作战模式,消除紧张恐惧情绪,坚定必胜信心.

Objective To investigate the effect of autonomic nervous stability training on military flight personnel in order to provide data for future applications and studies.Methods Fifty military pilots were randomly divided into the experimental group (n =26) and control group (n =24).The indexes of HRV (time domain and frequency domain) in completing the flight simulation task were measured before training.Autonomic nervous stability training was performed in the experimental group for 30 minutes while respiratory training of the same length was performed in the control group.The indexes of HRV of each pilot in completing the flight simulation task were measured a second time.The experimental group completed the training assessment questionnaire and the effect of training was analyzed.Results (1) HRV time domain indexes:there was no significant difference between or within the two groups after training.(P＞0.05).(2) HRV frequency indexes:there was no significant difference between the two groups before training (P＞0.05).Compared with the control group,the experimental group gained a significant increase in 0.1 Hz,LF and LF/HF(P＜0.05,P＜0.01) after training.The experimental group gained a significant increase in TP and LFnorm,but a significant decrease in VLF and HFnorm (P＜0.05,P＜0.01) after training.After training,the control group gained a significant increase in LF/HF(P＜0.05).(3) The necessity and effectiveness of autonomic nervous stability training was 92％ according to the result of the training assessment questionnaire.Conclusion The autonomic nervous stability training can effectively regulate the balance of sympathetic-vagus nerve function in military flight personnel while helping maintain good work performance.

Objective To investigate the effects of floating feedback training capsule in defending psychological stress on military flight personnel for providing basis to further applications and studies. Methods Forty six military flight personnel were divided into 2 groups randomly: the experiment group(n=26) and the control group(n=20). All persons underwent psychological stress(additive mental calculation & flight simulation operation) and then their indexes of HRV and brain wave were measured. Floating feedback training was performed to defend psychological stress in the experiment group for 30 min, while deep breathing and relaxation training was performed in the control group for 30 min. All persons' indexes of HRV and brain wave were measured again and training assessment questionnaire was filled in. Results ①HRV time domain indexes: compared with control group and before training, experiment group gained significant increase in PNN50(P<0.05,P<0.01).②HRV frequency domain indexes:compared with control group and before training's, experiment group gained significant increase in HFnorm and significant reduction in LF/HF&LFnorm(P<0.05,P<0.01).③The necessity and effectiveness of psychological stress defense training is 96% according to the result of assessment questionnaire. Conclusion Floating feedback training capsule is an effective and popular tool for military flight personnel to defend psychological stress reaction.

目的:通过考察心率变异性与模拟飞行成绩的相关性,探讨心率变异性作为情绪调控能力生理指标的可行性.方法:选取42名飞行员进行模拟飞行任务,同时记录心电信号,分析其在完成3种难度水平任务时的频域参数.结果:随着模拟飞行任务难度的增加,心率变异性指标中的校正低频功率和低/高频功率比值呈上升趋势,而校正高频功率呈下降趋势;心率变异性的变化趋势在低分组表现得较明显,高分组较为平缓,并与模拟飞行成绩之间有显著的曲线关系.结论:心率变异性与模拟飞行成绩有明显的相关性,可以作为评价情绪调控力的客观指标.

Objective To construct a three-dimensional (3-D) finite element hip model including acetabular bone, cartilage, labrum and bone, cartilage of femoral head based on Chinese visible human dataset for biomechanics. Methods The images of hip dataset in Chinese visible human (CVH) were obtained for construction of hip biomechanical model. A hip model including acetabular bone, cartilage, labrum and bone, cartilage of femoral head was constructed with AutoCAD and Solidworks software by using these images. The hip model was imported into ABAQUS analysis system for meshing of the hip joint contact surface, and then loading test (400 N) was performed at 5 hip flexion and 20 external rotation. The contact pressure distribution on the cartilage and labrum was observed. Results The constructed 3-D hip model reflected the real hip anatomy. The constructed 3-D finite element hip model reflected biomechanical behavior similar to the results from previous researches. Conclusion The hip dataset of CVH can be used for accurate 3-D reconstruction. The construction of the 3-D finite element hip model can avoid some disadvantages by other construction methods, such as imprecision of cartilage construction and absence of labrum, and hence can provide basic data which are critical for accurately modeling normal loads as well as for observation of abnormal conditions of the hip.