介绍了一种改良的西瓜靠接育苗技术,接穗与砧木分别用 128 孔穴盘育苗,嫁接后放入 50 孔穴盘中进行育苗管理.该方法避免了接穗与砧木大小苗不匹配的情况,接穗不用断根且不需要饱和湿度环境管理.相比于其他嫁接方法,具有嫁接操作简单、对育苗设施要求不高、嫁接苗易管理、成活率高等优点.这种改良的西瓜靠接育苗技术可应用于西瓜育种和生产中.

天津市引进"浙江台州大棚西瓜高效种植模式",并结合当地气候和土壤条件进行了优化完善,形成了适宜天津地区推广的早春大棚西瓜简约化一种多收栽培技术,投入少、管理简单,较常规大棚栽培早上市5～7 d(天),可采收2～3茬,每667 m2年产值1万～2万元.

近年来天津市大力发展设施蔬菜,据统计,2020年全市设施蔬菜种植面积达到2.73万hm2.本市以种植露地加工辣椒为主,设施辣椒原本不是本市的优势作物,但近年来由于鲜食辣椒市场行情好,农民增收明显,设施辣椒面积逐年提升,2020年已突破800 hm2.早春大棚种植大果型羊角椒是设施辣椒栽培的主要类型,大果型羊角椒果形美观、味微辣、口感好,符合京津冀地区群众消费习惯.笔者根据生产实践,总结出天津地区大果型羊角椒早春大棚栽培技术,供种植者参考.

黑科优一号是以甜R为母本、Q-16为父本杂交选育的西瓜新品种.中熟种,天津春季小拱棚覆盖栽培全生育期110 d,果实发育期35 d左右.植株生长势强,易坐果.果实椭圆形,果皮底色墨绿,覆暗齿条,表面覆蜡粉.瓜瓤红色,瓤质脆,少籽,口感甜,中心可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)可达12.7％,边部9.6％.单瓜质量9 kg左右,667 m2产量可达4500 kg以上.适宜天津、河北、山东、陕西、山西、内蒙古、河南、湖南等地及相同生态区春季露地地膜覆盖栽培.2020年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记.

辣椒是我国蔬菜主栽种类之一,天津高度重视辣椒产业的发展,加工椒(腌渍、酱制)近几年在天津地区得到快速发展,已经形成宁河、静海量产、加工、销售体系并成为当地农产品出口的主要产品.但随着产业发展规模的扩大,造成连年重茬种植,辣椒病害也逐渐成为制约辣椒产业发展的重要因素.辣椒腌制企业出现了"无米下锅"的尴尬局面.由于产业技术体系创新团队的科研攻关,病害综合防控技术初见成效,"消失"的辣椒又回来了.

科螺5号是以自交系TL-25-1为母本,以自交系TL-8-3为父本配制而成的螺丝椒一代杂种.中早熟,植株生长势强,始花节位为第9～10节,单株结果30个左右,上下层果实一致性好;果实羊角形,果皮皱褶多,青熟果绿色,老熟果红色,果长25～30 cm,果肩宽3.5 cm左右,果肉厚0.35 cm左右,单果质量80 g左右,VC含量1210 mg·kg-1,辣椒素含量0.18％,味香辣;田间对炭疽病、病毒病、疫病的抗性强于对照螺丝椒2号,每667 m2产量3500 kg左右,适宜我国北方春季保护地栽培以及南方露地栽培.

辣椒是我国重要的蔬菜作物,也是天津名特优产品中的"三辣"之一,更是市民餐桌上必备的菜肴或佐料.科螺5号是天津市农业科学院蔬菜研究所以TL-25-1为母本,以TL-8-3为父本配制而成的螺丝椒一代杂种,2020年通过国家农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记,登记编号:GPD辣椒(2020)120257.其性状表现为早熟,植株生长势强,始花节位第9～10节,株高70 cm左右,开展度55 cm左右.

'津椒35'是以'程m-1'为母本、'正F10'为父本组配而成的杂交一代早熟辣椒新品种.果实大羊角形,果肩部有褶皱,纵径28～30 cm,果肩横径4～5 cm,果肉厚度0.3 cm,单果质重110 g,果色为浅绿色,果面光滑,果形顺直,味微辣,平均产量67500 kg/hm2左右.适合我国华北、西北地区秋冬、早春保护地栽培.

'津蜜栗'是以高代自交系'N-35'为母本'、N-72'为父本选育而成的杂交1代食用南瓜新品种.植株生长势中上等,第1雌花节位15节左右,易坐果.嫩果表皮深绿色,中熟,北方大棚内种植授粉后约45 d成熟,全生育期约125 d.成熟果表皮灰绿色,棱沟不明显,果形纺锤形,果长约19 cm,果肉黄色,肉厚均约2.6 cm,肉质粉糯细腻.平均可溶性固形物含量9.2％,平均单果质量2.5 kg,667 m2产量3500 kg左右,田间表现抗白粉病,适应北方大棚吊蔓及露地栽培.

我国南瓜产业在20世纪90年代初期迎来第2次发展新高潮.近年来,随着食用南瓜在我国消费量的逐渐增加,消费者越来越注重其口感及营养保健价值, 市场上也出现了众多的食用南瓜新品种,但这些品种存在仅单一性状突出等问题,无法满足人们全部的生产、消费需求.针对这些问题,天津科润蔬菜研究所的研究人员广泛收集南瓜种质资源,分离纯合、转育杂交,并经系列的试验试种,选育出优质高产、口感良好的南瓜新品种津蜜栗,并总结了其配套的高产优质栽培技术.

宁夏的压砂西瓜生产主要分布在环香山地区中 卫、中宁、海原等市县的兴仁、喊叫水等10 多个乡 镇, 采用的是中卫市环香山地区群众于20 世纪60 年代创造的农业生产模式, 宁夏的压砂瓜生产规模 占全国压砂西(甜)瓜生产总面积的80％以上[1].压砂 西瓜开始以籽瓜生产为主,由于经济效益显著,进入 21 世纪后栽培面积迅速扩大,2004 年种植面积增加 到2.08 万hm2,2008 年达6.8 万hm2,到2012 年压砂 西瓜种植面积连续5 a 稳定在6.67 万hm2 [2].种植模 式以砂田覆盖+地膜(或盖碗)覆盖栽培为主[3],播种 方式为催芽后直播.随着压砂西瓜迅速发展和连年 种植, 一些潜在的问题逐渐显现, 连续多年重茬种 植, 虽然选用抗病品种和倒行栽培技术起到一定的 防病效果,但随着年限的增加,连作障碍日趋严重, 成片的压砂田因无法种植西瓜而荒废.

为了将嫁接栽培技术应用到压砂西瓜中,针对嫁接栽培中在不同砧木材料、不同西瓜品种、不同嫁接方式等方面做了试验研究.结果表明,以白籽南瓜为砧木的嫁接苗对枯萎病免疫,平均单瓜质量也较CK增加了40％,筛选出了高产压砂西瓜推广品种'津抗五号',优质压砂西瓜推广品种'花魁',靠接不断西瓜根的嫁接方法有较高的成活率,较低的管理成本.确定了压砂西瓜以白籽南瓜品种为砧木、'津抗五号'等优良品种为接穗、靠接不断西瓜根方法的嫁接栽培模式.

The utility model discloses a special device for quickly peeling buds of cruciferous vegetables. The device comprises a circular plate, a circular ring is rotatably connected to the outer wall of thecircular plate, a rubber sleeve is fixedly connected to the left side of the outer wall of a supporting rod, a curved bar is rotatably connected to the left side of the top of the supporting rod, a rotating assembly is arranged on the rear end face of the supporting rod, a transmission assembly is arranged on the top of the supporting rod, and a clamping assembly is arranged on the front face of the circular plate. The utility model discloses a special device for quickly peeling buds of cruciferous vegetables. The rotating plate, the teeth, the blade and the rotating assembly are matched; vegetable flowers to be subjected to bud stripping can be subjected to annular rotary cutting; the bud peeling efficiency is further improved; the bud peeling time is greatly shortened, the bud peeling difficulty is reduced, through cooperation of a transmission assembly, a supporting rod, a curved bar, a curved ring and a clamping assembly, a clamping plate can clamp a cutting part, then the cuttingpart can be separated from a flower bud by lifting a circular plate, pollination is facilitated, the bud peeling efficiency is further improved, and convenience is brought to use of people.

Stress can induce microspores to change their developmental pathway from the gametophytic to the embryogenic pathway. To explore the molecular mechanisms of microspore embryogenesis, complement DNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism was used to isolate the transcript-derived fragments during microspore embryogenesis of the non-heading Brassica campestris L. ssp. c hinensis ‘Wuyueman’. With 256 primer combinations screened, a total of 94 transcript-derived fragments were identified, and 15 were successfully sequenced. Based on a BLAST search in the Brassica database, 12 of the 15 sequenced transcript-derived fragments were homologous to genes with annotations; the remaining three transcript-derived fragments did not match any sequences. Transcript-derived fragments with annotations were involved in cell wall formation, hormones, and resistance. Analysis of cis -elements indicated that there were heat shock-related and stress-related cis -elements in the promoter sequences of 12 transcript-derived fragments. TDF1 ( Bra040720 ), TDF6 ( Bra013664 ), and TDF15 ( Bra022587 ) were selected for validation of complement DNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism expression patterns by real-time quantitative PCR. Results confirmed the altered expression patterns of three genes revealed by the complement DNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism. This study provides novel information on the molecular mechanism of microspore embryogenesis in non-heading Chinese cabbage.

‘津花24’是天津科润蔬菜研究所以自交系‘12TH-32’为母本、自交系‘12R-66’为父本选育而成的二倍体西瓜杂交1代新品种.该品种早春大棚种植全生育期100d左右,果实发育期30 d左右.果实高圆形,果形指数1.06.果皮浅绿色覆墨绿锯齿条带,果皮厚度0.8 cm,瓤色鲜红,瓤质酥脆多汁,纤维少,口感好.中心可溶性固性物含量(w,后同)12.0％,边部9.0％.植株长势较强,易坐果,中抗西瓜枯萎病.单瓜质量5～7 kg,667 m2产量在4 000 kg以上.适合北方保护地嫁接栽培及河南、安徽、江苏等地大棚栽培.2018年通过国家非主要农作物品种登记.

The invention discloses a bud peeler for pollination of cruciferous vegetables. The bud peeler for the pollination of the cruciferous vegetables comprises a first handle, a rubber tube sleeves the outer wall of the first handle, a second handle is arranged below the first handle, the left end of the second handle is rotatably connected with the left end of the first handle through a pin shaft, anda torsion spring sleeves the outer wall of the pin shaft. By adopting the bud peeler for the pollination of the cruciferous vegetables, through the cooperation of the first handle, the second handle,the torsion spring, a first blade, a second blade and a rubber ring, flower buds can be removed without hurting the stigmas of the flower buds; by adopting the bud peeler for the pollination of the cruciferous vegetables, the overall operation process is simpler, the operation efficiency is higher, and the time consumption is less; during use of the bud peeler for the pollination of the cruciferous vegetables, a third blade can be used for trimming external branches and leaves, so that more convenience is brought to an operator; the bud peeler for the pollination of the cruciferous vegetablesis simple in overall structure, good in use effect and suitable for popularization and application.

为了准确、快速鉴定西瓜杂交种纯度,建立8424类型西瓜品种的SSR分子标记纯度鉴定体系.基于23对西瓜SSR核心引物,对天津市静海区主要种植的8424类型西瓜品种‘蜜多’进行分子标记纯度鉴定.从供试引物中,总共筛选到4对在双亲上具有多态性差异的特异性引物,并从中选出2对多态性良好,条带清晰的引物10号和22号,应用于‘蜜多’的分子标记纯度鉴定.对4份杂交F1代样品进行分子鉴定,结果分别为97.4％、94.9％、98.1％、97.8％,对比分子鉴定结果和田间形态学鉴定结果,结果偏差≤1.5％,表现出高度一致.研究结果表明,SSR分子标记适用于该品种纯度鉴定,并可以取缔田间表型鉴定,实现准确、快速检测.

SBP-box (Squamosa-promoter binding protein) genes are a type of plant-specific transcription factor and play important roles in plant growth, signal transduction and stress response. However, little is known about the SBP-box genes in pepper (CaSBP), especially in the process of Phytophthora capsici infection. In this study, a novel gene (CaSBP12) was selected from the CaSBP gene family, which was isolated from the pepper genome database in our previous study. The CaSBP12 gene was located in the nucleus of the cell and its silencing in the pepper plant enhanced the defense response against Phytophthora capsici infection. After inoculation with Phytophthora capsici, the root activity of the CaSBP12-silenced plants is compared to control plants, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content is compared viceversa. Additionally, the expression of defense related genes (CaPO1, CaSAR8.2, CaBPR1, and CaDEF1) in the silenced plants were induced to different degrees and the peak of CaSAR8.2 and CaBPR1 were higher than that of CaDEF1. The CaSBP12 over-expressed Nicotiana benthamiana plants were more susceptible to Phytophthora capsici infection with higher EC (electrical conductivity) and MDA contents as compared to the wild-type. The relative expression of defense related genes (NbDEF, NbNPR1, NbPR1a, and NbPR1b) in transgenic and wild-type Nicotiana benthamiana plants were induced, especially the NbPR1a and NbPR1b. In conclusion, these results indicate that CaSBP12 gene negative regulates the defense response against Phytophthora capsici infection which suggests their potentially significant role in plant defense. To our knowledge, this is the first report on CaSBP gene which negative regulate defense response.

为建立辣椒自然游离小孢子培养技术体系,以32个辣椒品种为试材,研究基因型(CL-1～CL-32)、基本培养基(MS、Nitsch and Nitsch、NLN、B5)、激素配比(ZT 0.5 mg·L-1+IAA 0.8 mg·L-1、ZT 0.5 mg·L-1+IAA 1.0 mg·L-1、ZT 1.0 mg·L-1+IAA 1.0 mg·L-1、ZT 1.5 mg·L-+IAA 1.5 mg·L-1)、活性炭添加量(0.1,0.5,0.8,1.0 g·L-1)对辣椒小孢子胚状体诱导的影响.结果 表明,基因型是辣椒小孢子胚状体诱导的关键因素,供试的32个基因型中有18个诱导成功,诱导成功率56.25％,其中F1代诱导成功率达到66.67％,而自交系诱导成功率为0,各基因型中以CL-14诱导率最高,达到29.2％;不同基因型最适培养基不同,5个基因型(CL-4,CL-8,CL-10,CL-12,CL-14)中CL-4、CL-12、CL-14均以Nitsch and Nitsch为基本培养基添加适量激素诱导胚状体最佳;不同基因型的适宜激素浓度配比不同,3个基因型(CL-4、CL-8、CL-14)中CL-8、CL-14以添加0.5 mg· L-1 ZT和1.0 mg· L-1IAA效果最好;适量添加活性炭可提高小孢子胚诱导率,CL-4、CL-8、CL-14分别以添加0.8,0.5,0.5 g·L-1诱导效果最好.

The invention discloses a quick flower-bud cutter special for brassicaceous vegetable, comprising a disc. A ring is rotationally connected to the outer wall of the disc; a rubber sleeve is fixedly connected to the left of the outer wall of a support rod and a cranked lever is rotationally to the left of the top of the support rod; a rotation assembly is arranged at the back end of the support rod,a drive assembly is arranged on the top of the support rod, and a clamp assembly is arranged on the front of the disc. With matching of a rotary plate, teeth, a blade and the rotation assembly, the quick flower-bud cutter special for brassicaceous vegetable can circularly rotationally cut flower buds which need to be removed, and thus, the flower bud removal efficiency is increased, time for removing flower buds is shortened greatly, and difficulty in flower bud removal is reduced; with matching of the drive assembly, the support rod, the cranked lever and the clamp assembly, to-be-cut partsare clamped by clamps, and the cut parts can be separated from the flower bubs by lifting the disc, so that pollination is facilitated, the flower bud removal efficiency is improved further, and a great convenience is brought to people.