为了研究苏打盐碱对整个生长期内水稻叶丙二醛及叶绿素的影响,研究旨在探讨苏打盐碱胁迫对水稻叶绿素及丙二醛的作用.以苏打盐碱化土壤和天然黑土为对照,通过盆栽方法对 11 种土壤进行了混合处理,并在整个生长期内对其进行了叶片丙二醛、叶绿素等指标的检测.研究发现,在整个生长期内,丙二醛的含量随着盐碱胁迫的加重而升高,各品种的叶绿素浓度均呈现出先上升再下降的单峰型曲线.在开花期间达到最高,随后逐渐降低,蜡熟期达到最低.在同一时期,叶绿素含量随盐碱程度的增加而降低;盐碱浓度越高,则丙二醛的含量也越高,同时叶绿素的含量也越低.

[Objective]To study the effects of saline sodic stress on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves and yield of rice at filling stage. [Method]The pot culture experiment was conducted to study the photosynthetic and physiological indexes of flag leaves of rice at filling stage in different treatments by mixing 8 different concentrations of saline-alkali soils according to the proportion of the soda saline-alkali soil and natural soil.[Result]Under light saline sodic stress,the differences in Pn,Gs and Tr were not significant.With the further enhancement of saline-alkali stress,the differences in Pn,Gs and Tr between different treatments were significant.Intercellular CO2concentration(Ci)in different treatments had little changes,indicating that stomatal limitation effects were little.The decrease of Pn was from non-stomatal limitation effect under saline sodic stress.[Conclusion]Under saline-alkali stress,photosynthetic characteristics in flag leaves and yield of rice decreased.Under light saline-alkali stress,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of rice showed no significant decrease.With the increase of saline-alkali stress,the decline became significant.

畜牧业赖以生存和发展的基础是饲料,一旦饲料质量出现问题,就会影响畜牧业可持续健康发展.而饲料行业是推动和发展现代畜牧业的重要引擎,是农业产业链中的重要环节,其决定了畜牧业发展的水平,关系着经济发展水平和人民生活水平的提高.阐述了内蒙古呼伦贝尔市饲料行业发展态势及存在的主要问题,并对饲料行业的发展现状进行了分析研究.

为减少草原蝗虫对草原生产力的影响,对内蒙古新巴尔虎左旗2004—2016年草原蝗虫的发生情况进行了调查,并与降水量、温度等气候因素进行了分析.结果表明,草原蝗虫的发生与前一年降水量呈负相关,相关系数为-0.477,较与当年降水量、当年4—7月降水量的相关系数更高,与年均温、极端温度等差异不显著;通过曲线回归分析,拟合出年降水量与翌年蝗虫发生面积的回归方程,拟合优度较好.

呼伦贝尔位于内蒙古东部,冬季寒冷漫长,夏季温凉短促,春季干燥风大,秋季气温骤降、霜冻早,由于呼伦贝尔特殊的(低温干旱)的气候特征,适宜该地区种植的优质苜蓿品种极少,2016年中央一号文件明确指出,优化农业生产结构和区域布局,扩大粮改饲试点,加快建设现代饲草料产业体系.呼伦贝尔杂花苜蓿是20世纪50年代从前苏联引进的品种,在呼伦贝尔地区具有30多年的种植历史,经过品种比较试验、区域试验、生产试验,成功选育成为呼伦贝尔地方品种,2013年被内蒙古自治区草品种审定委员会审定为呼伦贝尔杂花苜蓿[1].

文章分析了呼伦贝尔草牧业现状及存在问题,在人工草地面积逐渐加大的情况下,如何通过发展草产业带动畜牧业发展提出新思路.

为研究不同含水量打捆对苜蓿干草饲用价值的影响,试验选择“金皇后”紫花苜蓿,测定不同含水量打捆苜蓿于草产量、叶片损失及营养成分含量变化.结果表明:苜蓿打捆含水量与苜蓿干草质量高度相关,苜蓿干草产量随着打捆含水量的降低而降低.打捆时苜蓿含水量越低,叶片脱落越多,茎叶比逐渐增加,粗蛋白、胡萝卜素含量和相对饲用价值呈降低趋势,中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量呈上升趋势;苜蓿含水量由30.25％降到18.66％的过程中,粗蛋白含量降低缓慢,但相对饲用价值降低明显.与传统苜蓿打捆相比,高水分打捆可明显增加苜蓿干草产量,减少叶片脱落,提高饲用价值.

Taking Changbai 9 and Changbai 22 as experiment material, using pot experiment, to study of different concentration effect of saline alkali stress on physiological characteristics of rice in different growth periods. The results showed that, effect of saline alkali stress on the physiological characteristics of the same rice variety and soil characteristics of different resistant rice varieties are different. Weak salt resistance of Changbai 22 of chlorophyll , soluble sugar and MDA of salt stress more sensitive than saline resistance strong of Changbai 9,and the change trend of the physiological indexes of two cultivars under saline alkali stress is consistent, with the increasing concentration of salt stress, leaf chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content and soluble protein content firstly increased and then decreased,while the MDA concentration showed an increasing trend. At the same time with the increase of salt stress concentration, accumulation of soluble sugar in leaves of Changbai 9 increased even more than Changbai 22,indicating the Changbai 9 may be mainly through the accumulation of soluble sugar to alleviate the toxic effects of osmotic stress. This study can be used as an important reference index for soda saline alkali soil rice planting, soil improvement and comprehensive utilization.

以长白9号水稻为试验材料,采用盆栽法,研究不同浓度盐碱胁迫对水稻生长发育及产量的影响.结果表明,不同浓度盐碱胁迫下,水稻分蘖动态、叶面积、干物质积累量和产量均出现不同程度下降.当土壤含盐量为2.20‰.时,处理A的分蘖数、叶面积、干物质积累和产量与CK差异均不显著,当土壤含盐量＞2.20‰时,差异显著.说明当土壤含盐量为2.20‰,pH为7.92,电导率为200.13 us/cm时,可作为苏打盐碱地水稻种植及土壤改良与综合利用的重要参考指标.

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of applying bacterial manure in different rice growth stage on its growth and productivity, which was cultivated in the saline-alkali soil. Results showed the growth and productivity of rice in treatment of applying bacterial manure was better than that in treatment of fertilizing normally. The productivity of rice fertilized bacterial manure in its whole growing stage was highest and increased by 12.5% compared with the CK, and that of rice applied bacterial manure as basic fertilizer was 12.4% higher than that of CK.