以连作1～7茬设施豇豆为试验材料,采用完全随机设计方法,研究了连作设施豇豆的生理指标、产量指标及土壤的生理生化指标,以期为克服设施豇豆连作障碍提供参考依据.结果表明:随着设施豇豆连作次数的增多,设施豇豆的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率等生理指标影响不大,连作差异不显著.但是重茬3次之后,土壤养分及豇豆的株高、豆荚长度、单荚质量等产量性状指标均受到显著影响,呈现出明显下降的趋势.此外,豇豆在苗期及营养生长阶段需要吸收氮、磷、钾及有机质等大量营养素,开花结荚期是氮和钾的需求高峰期,因此设施豇豆抗重茬栽培苗期和营养生长阶段需要增施有机肥和无机平衡肥,幼苗期还需要适当增施抗逆性功能肥料;豇豆对磷的需求量相对较少,但缺磷将严重影响豇豆产量;因此,抗重茬豇豆生殖生长阶段可以增施含磷叶面肥以克服连作障碍.

以姬秋丽的叶片和茎尖为外植体材料,进行多肉植物组培快繁技术研究.研究结果表明:以茎尖为外植体培养效果最佳,先用75％乙醇处理30s,再用0.1％升汞浸泡12～15min为最佳消毒处理方法;以MS为基本培养基,添加不同浓度6-BA、NAA、KT等植物生长调节剂,适宜诱导姬秋丽愈伤组织及丛生芽的培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0mg/L+NAA 1.0mg/L,效果明显;丛生芽增殖培养基MS+6-BA 2mg/L+KT 1.0mg/L+NAA 0.2mg/L最为适宜;生根培养基以1/2MS+IBA 2.0mg/L为最佳,试验证明最终成苗率可达90％以上,根部粗壮生长状态良好,研究表明姬秋丽组织培养快繁技术体系增殖数高,易成活,质量高.

通过对《土壤肥料学》教学的研究与实践，指出教师可以通过强化自身素质、掌握好的教学方法、灵活运用多媒体、注重实践教学、上好第一堂课等5个方面来引导学生上好《土壤肥料学》。

为探究合理搭配氮肥形态和用量，在保证蔬菜品质的基础上获得高产的规律，通过盆栽试验，采用比色法测定小油菜中的硝酸盐含量，探究不同氮肥形态和用量对小油菜叶片中硝酸盐含量的影响。结果表明，在同一氮肥水平下，硝铵态氮肥硝酸铵，较铵态氮肥碳酸氢铵和酰胺态氮肥尿素，产量高，叶片硝酸盐积累少。因此，在保证合理的氮肥施用量的基础上，合理搭配不同形态的氮肥，有利于绿叶菜类蔬菜品质和产量的提高。

The contents of reducing sugar, total sugar and crude polysaccharide of the six different yam varieties were measured using different methods in this paper. The result showed there were some differences in the sugar content of different varieties. The contents of reducing sugar, total sugar and crude polysaccharide (0.1485%, 0.3812% and 0.2246%) of Mingdouzi were the highest in the six varieties. The contents in rest varieties depend on the variety. Through comprehensive analysis, the Mingdouzi had the highest market development value.

[目的]为评估河南益农牌YN-4000型多功能土壤养分速测仪在科研生产上利用的可行性.[方法]在相同条件下,采用速测法和常规法分别测定不同地块土样的水解性氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量.[结果]采取速测法测定土壤水解性氮和速效钾的值都要低于常规法测定值.而有效磷的测定值有高有低,其中2/3土样速测法的测定值比常规法要高.方差分析结果显示,速测法和常规法测试土壤水解性氮和速效钾之间的差异显著(P＜0.01),而有效磷差异不显著(P＞0.05).此外,速测法的精密度不高,并且测试结果的稳定性较差,特别是以水解性氮显著(P＜0.05),其平均变异系数达23.93％.

[目的]分析比较3种常见山药的主要营养成分及品质特点.[方法]以3个市场常见的山药品种为研究对象,采用常规检测方法对其主要的营养成分进行了测定分析.[结果]研究发现,3个山药品种的主要成分含量存在差异,甚至达到极显著水平.细毛山药灰分、还原糖和维生素C的含量分别为2.57％、0.42％、0.07％,铁棍山药3种成分含量依次为2.45％、0.16％和0.05％,鸡皮山药3种成分含量最低,分别为1.68％、0.21％、0.03％.细毛山药的相关成分含量与鸡皮山药差异明显;鸡皮山药含水量最高,为82.24％;铁棍山药氨基酸含量最多,为0.456％.综合考虑,认为细毛山药品质相比铁棍山药和鸡皮山药较好.[结论]研究可为开发保健类山药产品提供理论参考.

[Objective] The relationship between the amount of nitrogen application and nitrate content in Chinese cabbage leaf was studied to control nitrate content in rape leaves.[Method] Potted experiments were used to study the influence of nitrogen intensive gradient on the nitrate content in Chinese cabbage.[Result] The nitrate content in stalk and leaf of Chinese cabbage was increased accordingly with the nitrogen fertilizer increasing.[Conclusion]To reduce nitrate content,the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled.

[Objective]The research aimed to investigate the antifreezing effects of different phosphate fertilizer application amount in wheat.[Method]The weak springness wheat cultivar Zhejiang Feng 2 was taken as the material.A series of pot experiment were carried out and the effects of phosphorus fertilizer and low levels of phosphate fertilizer on shape and frost indexes were researched.[Result]At the winter growth stage of the wheat,the phosphorus promoted the growth and increased the content of proline,reduced membrane permeability(relative conductivity),thus reduced the freezing point of the cells,and improved the capacity of anti-freezing.[Conclusion]Phosphorus fertilizer could improve the ability of wheat to prevent low-temperature freezing damage.

Rapeseed(Brassica napus) needs enough phosphorous(P) in its early growth stage and thus is very sensitive to P deficiency.Two genotypes of rapeseed,i.e.,a P-efficient cv.97081,and a P-inefficient cv.97009,were used to study the growth,P uptake and utilization,plant P fractions and the activity of acid phosphatase(APase) under normal and low P nutrient status using soil pot and hydroponic experiments.The results showed that cv.97081 possessed high effiency of P uptake and utilization since its dry biomass and P accumulation increased by 85.7% and 50.0%,respectively,in comparison with cv.97009 under P deficient condition.In both rape cultivars,all the P fractions,including insoluble organic P,soluble organic P and inorganic P,increased with P levels in the medium.Low P stress reduced the concentrations of insoluble organic P in the roots of cv.97009,but not cv.97081.The ratio of soluble organic P(ester-P) in total P was higher in bottom leaves than upper leaves.Both the concentration and ratio of ester-P of cv.97081 were higher than that of cv.97009.The concentration of inorganic P in the roots of cv.97081 was higher than that of cv.97009;however,the ratio was much lower compared with cv.97009.P-efficent cv. 97081 had greater activity of APase in roots and bottom leaves under low P stress than P-inefficient cv.97009 although there was no significant difference in upper leaves between the two cultivars.The results suggested that the concentrations and distributions of P fractions and the activity of APase were closely related to P uptake and utilization efficiency of Brassica napus.

Rhizobox was employed to study the difference in plant growth,phosphorous(P) accumulation and utilization of insoluble P in rhizosphere soil and bulk soil between P-efficient genotype(97081) and P-inefficient genotype(97009) at low P and high P levels in this paper.Results showed that P-efficient genotype 97081 produced higher biomass production and showed stronger ability to accumulate P than P-inefficient genotype 97009 under the low-P stress.Based on the fractionation analysis of soil inorganic phosphorus,it was found that available P,Al-P and Ca-P content in rhizosphere soil with planting 97081 were significant lower than that with 97009,which indicated that P-efficient genotype had stronger ability to mobilize and assimilate Al-P and Ca-P in soil,hence resulted higher biomass production and higher P accumulation.