ObjectiveTo examine the application of national Indoor Air Quality Standard – GB/T 18883 – 2002 (IAQS) and its obstacles and to provide references for revising the standard.MethodsUsing stratified multistage sampling, we conducted a questionnaire survey among 91 professional institutions in 26 cities across China during July – October 2019. The selected institutions included centers for disease control and prevention, health supervision institutes, housing and construction companies, detection agencies, industry associations, and universities. Information on IAQS-related awareness and concern among the public were also collected from 1 052 valid responses in all provincial-level regions of mainland China simultaneously.ResultsValid information were collected from all the institutions selected. The IAQS was mainly applied by detection agencies and daily application of the IAQS was reported by 18.68% of institutions surveyed. In indoor air quality assessment performed by the institutions, the most commonly adopted indicators of the IAQS was formaldehyde (being adopted in 91.21% of the assessments reported), followed by benzene (68.13%), ammonia (62.64%), toluene (57.14%), and total volatility organic compounds (TVOC) (57.14%). There were 31% of the surveyed institutions reporting being able to conduct less than 10 of 19 indicators included in the IAQS. Of all the institutions, 91.21% were reported with the capability of detecting formaldehyde in routine monitoring, but only 28.57% with the capability of benzo(α)pyrene detection. Stratified indicator management, including the particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) as a quality index, and appropriate optimization of sampling and analyzing instrument were among the most frequent recommendations proposed by the institutions for the revision of the IAQS. Among the surveyed citizens, 43.82% reported the awareness about the IAQS and 73.8% reported the concern on indoor air.ConclusionThe national Indoor Air Quality Standard – GB/T 18883 – 2002 is generally reasonable and mainly adopted by detection agencies in daily routine indoor air quality assessment. Improvements in indicator selection and analysis instrument were suggested by professional institutions for the revision of the standard

目的 了解上海市公共卫生技术服务机构传染病防治检测技术服务能力现状,为进一步提升传染病防治检测技术服务行业总体能级水平提出建议,为相关政策和措施制定提供科学依据.方法 2020年4—6月,对上海市开展公共卫生技术服务的社会机构和市区两级疾病预防控制机构开展问卷调查,收集2019年度开展传染病防治检测技术服务的业务量和市场供需,以及截至2020年6月在6大类40项传染病防治检测技术服务细分领域能力参数的储备情况.结果 被调查机构2019年全年共提供31763次传染病防治领域检测技术服务.社会委托性质技术服务为主要需求方,出具社会委托性质报告占报告总数的78.3％(24859份),社会机构为该领域检测技术服务的主要提供方,出具报告占报告总数的73.1％(23207份).截至2020年6月,能力储备率最高的是医疗机构环境卫生学监测项目(82.7％),最低的是消毒灭菌设备项目(11.5％).疾病预防控制机构的传染病防治领域检测技术服务总体能力储备率(50.0％)高于社会机构(25.9％),在医疗器械及物品细菌学监测、消毒剂项目的能力储备率上疾病预防控制机构和社会机构存在差异(P<0.05).环氧乙烷低温灭菌综合性能监测/化学监测能力参数尚为"零能力储备".结论 上海市传染病防治领域检测技术服务市场已形成一定规模,检测技术服务能力储备已有一定基础,疾病预防控制机构总体能力储备高于社会机构.细分领域能力储备不均衡,部分能力欠缺有待提升.疾病预防控制机构和社会机构共同作为传染病防治领域检测技术服务提供方,发挥各自优势特点,依托质量控制中心平台,共同提升传染病防治领域检测技术服务能力水平,促进传染病防治领域检测技术服务行业发展.

[目的]对《上海市建设项目集中空调通风系统卫生学评价规范(试行)》(以下简称"《规范》")的实施效果进行评价.[方法]采用"集中空调通风系统卫生评价报告评分表",比较《规范》实施前后空调卫生评价报告质量.[结果]《规范》实施后,空调卫生评价报告总分较实施前显著提高(t=3.164,P=0.002);在各项目评分中,格式、总论、工程分析和建议结论的评分均高于实施前(t=3.701、2.012、2.152、2.450,均P＜0.05);《规范》实施前后,评价过程的评分差异无统计学意义(P=0.465).[结论]《规范》实施后,空调卫生评价报告质量显著提高.

目的 了解医院集中空调通风系统的卫生状况.方法 参考WS/T 199—2001《公共场所卫生综合评价方法》 的模糊综合评价法,建立医院集中空调通风系统卫生评价指标体系和模糊评判准则,对上海市三家医院的集中空调通风系统进行卫生学评价.结果 抽取A、B、C三家医院共7套集中空调通风系统,卫生状况为Ⅲ级(合格)或Ⅱ级(良好),卫生质量由高到低排序:C医院1#、A医院1#、C医院2#、B医院2#、A医院3#、B医院1#、A医院2#.综合评价结果显示,A医院集中空调通风系统卫生状况为合格,B、C医院集中空调通风系统卫生状况为良好.结论 应用模糊综合评价法能够较全面地评价医院集中空调通风系统的卫生状况,同时可根据评价结果对集中空调通风系统卫生安全状况进行分级管理,有利于提高卫生管理水平.

目的 了解上海市地铁车站室内空气中微生物分布状况.方法 对地铁车站站台环境和室外环境中的细菌、真菌进行采样检测,并对数据进行统计学分析.结果 车站内细菌菌落数低于室外对照点,真菌菌落数则高于室外,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).地铁车站内颗粒粒径在4.70 μm以上的微生物数量低于室外对照点,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).地铁车站空气中微生物主要附着于0.65～4.70 μm粒径的颗粒物上.结论 由于5.00 μm以下的颗粒可以进入到人体下呼吸道,富含致病微生物的颗粒物会对人体健康带来危害.地铁车站内粒径在5.00 μm以下的微生物气溶胶应成为重点监控对象.

目的了解上海市生产车间洁净室空气洁净状况，为合理维护日常生产环境提供理论依据。方法针对26家企业63间生产车间（10万级洁净室）进行检测，主要检测车间内的尘粒数和静压差指标。检测分为两次，第1次在未做任何调试时对现有的63间洁净室进行尘粒数和静压差的检测，检测结果对应标准进行评判。第1次检测不合格的洁净室经过调试维护后进行第2次检测，并记录调试过程中发现的问题。结果63间生产车间中，10万级洁净室尘粒数合格率分别为87．5％、84．4％和80．O％。10万级洁净室静压差合格率分别为62．5％、62．2％和60．0％。第1次测试不合格的洁净室在调试后均合格。结论随着使用的增加，空气净化系统逐步老化，对洁净厂房综合性能造成影响。建议应对空气净化系统进行定期维护，制订和施行切实有效的洁净厂房管理制度。

[Objective]To examine the validity of checklist method for hygienic evaluation of central air conditioning systems(CACS) in public places.[Methods]The CACS of 37 public construction projects were selected for hygienic evaluation using self-administered checklist,and then the evaluation results were analyzed with SPSS 19.0.[Results]Issues of CACS installation were identified in about one third projects including indirect indoor fresh air inlet,insufficient distance between fresh air inlet and pollution sources,condensate pipes without water seal,and sundries in equipment rooms.Only 16.2% projects were installed air purification and disinfection devices.None of the projects provided windows for cleaning and disinfection.The evaluation results of the same checklist item showed no significant differences among projects of hospitals,commercial buildings,and public traffic constructions(P0.05);meanwhile,statistical differences were found among various check list items of the same project(P0.05).[Conclusion]Hygienic problems exist in running CACS in public place,and the checklist method can be employed to the hygienic evaluation of CACS.

目的 了解上海市生产车间洁净室空气洁净状况,为合理维护日常生产环境提供理论依据.方法 针对26家企业63间生产车间(10万级洁净室)进行检测,主要检测车间内的尘粒数和静压差指标.检测分为两次,第1次在未做任何调试时对现有的63间洁净室进行尘粒数和静压差的检测,检测结果对应标准进行评判.第1次检测不合格的洁净室经过调试维护后进行第2次检测,并记录调试过程中发现的问题.结果 63间生产车间中,10万级洁净室尘粒数合格率分别为87.5％、84.4％和80.0％.10万级洁净室静压差合格率分别为62.5％、62.2％和60.0％.第1次测试不合格的洁净室在调试后均合格.结论 随着使用的增加,空气净化系统逐步老化,对洁净厂房综合性能造成影响.建议应对空气净化系统进行定期维护,制订和施行切实有效的洁净厂房管理制度.