Coating on the sperm surface, glycocalyx, plays a key role in sperm motility, maturation and fertilization. A comprehensive profile of sperm surface glycans will greatly facilitate both basic researches and clinical studies. Because of the capability of recognizing different glycan moieties, lectins are widely used in glycobiology. However, lacking high-throughput technology, limited lectins have been reported for analyzing the glycan of human sperm. In this study, we employed a lectin microarray for profiling the surface glycans of human sperm, on which 54 out of 91 lectins showed positive binding. Based on this technique, we compared lectin binding profiling of sperm with homozygous DEFB126 mutation (del/del) with that of wild type (wt/wt). DEFB126 was reported to contribute to the sialylation on sperm surface and its homozygous mutation was related to male subfertility. Six lectins (Jacalin/AIA, GHA, ACL, MPL, VVL and ABA) were found to develop lower binding affinity to sperm with del/del. Further validation showed that these lectins, especially ABA and MPL, can be potential biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of subfertility due to the mutation of DEFB126. Our research provides insight into the detection of some unexplained male subfertility and the lectin microarray is generally applicable for infertility/subfertility sperm biomarker discovery.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163524.].

DEFB126 rs140685149 mutation was shown to cause sperm dysfunction and subfertility. Indel rs11467497 is another 4-nucleotide frame-shift mutation (151bp upstream of rs140685149) that leads to the premature termination of translation and the expression of peptide truncated at the carboxyl terminus. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive association study to check the contribution of rs140685149 and rs11467497 to male infertility. Our results confirmed the previous findings that there was no association between rs140685149 and sperm motility. In contrast, we found a significant association of another indel rs11467497 with male infertility. Moreover, rs11467497 was shown to be associated with higher number of round cells in the infertile males with low sperm motility. Surprisingly, the two mutations commonly existed in the sperm donors (n=672), suggesting a potential application of the two indels in the screening for eligible sperm donors. Western blotting assays showed the sperms with rs140685149 2-nt deletion tended to have unstable DEFB126 protein in contrast of no DEFB126 protein expressed in the sperms with rs11467497 4-nt deletion, suggesting a more severe consequence caused by rs11467497 mutation. In conclusion, our study presented a significant contribution of another functional frame-shift polymorphism of DEFB126 (rs11467497) to male infertility.

It is well known that cell surface glycans or glycocalyx play important roles in sperm motility, maturation and fertilization. A comprehensive profile of the sperm surface glycans will greatly facilitate both basic research (sperm glycobiology) and clinical studies, such as diagnostics of infertility. As a group of natural glycan binders, lectin is an ideal tool for cell surface glycan profiling. However, because of the lack of effective technology, only a few lectins have been tested for lectin-sperm binding profiles. To address this challenge, we have developed a procedure for high-throughput probing of mammalian sperm with 91 lectins on lectin microarrays. Normal sperm from human, boar, bull, goat and rabbit were collected and analyzed on the lectin microarrays. Positive bindings of a set of ~50 lectins were observed for all the sperm of 5 species, which indicated a wide range of glycans are on the surface of mammalian sperm. Species specific lectin bindings were also observed. Clustering analysis revealed that the distances of the five species according to the lectin binding profiles are consistent with that of the genome sequence based phylogenetic tree except for rabbit. The procedure that we established in this study could be generally applicable for sperm from other species or defect sperm from the same species. We believe the lectin binding profiles of the mammalian sperm that we established in this study are valuable for both basic research and clinical studies.

本文根据顺和煤矿高应力软岩特性,介绍了该矿-702m水平东翼轨道运输大巷采用注浆加固技术对巷道进行加固.通过施工经验的积累对底板注浆和壁后注浆施工工艺进行了优化.优化后的施工工艺不仅有效的起到了保持巷道稳定性的作用,而且节约了人力、物力,取得了良好的效果.

A series of grouting reinforcement drilling are arranged in roadway section to carry out grouting reinforcement,the technology has the advantages of low cost,good effect as a secondary support in the high ground pressure tunnel.Comprehensive grouting reinforcement gives full consideration to the actual situation of the site construction.To ensure the effect as the first,a new type of grouting construction is provided,and its operability and effectiveness in the practical application of engineering are proved.

Objective To explore the feasibility of laparoendoscopic single-site epinephroectomy through retroperitoneal approach. Methods Eight patients, including 5 cases of adrenal hyperplasia and 3 cases of adenoma, underwent retroperitonral laparoendoscopic single-site epinephroectomy. In all cases, a 2.5 cm single longitudinal incision was made along the midaxillary line 4-5 cm above the iliac crest. Two 5 mm and one 10 mm trocars were inserted, and medical rubber glove was sutured surrounding these trocars and incision for gas proofing. Flexible electric coagulation hook and plier were used for dissection. The adrenal central vein was held by Hem-o-lock clamps. Results All operations were successfully completed. The mean operating time was 95 (55-135) minutes. The mean estimated blood loss was 85 (50-150) ml. The total drainage volume after operation was less than 100 ml in all case. Follow-up results after 1 to 4 months demonstrated that, blood pressure in all patients decreased respectively and returned to the normal range in 5 cases. Slow cicatrization of incision occured in only 1 case. Conclusions Retroperitoneal laparoendoscopic single-site epinephroectomy is verified to be safe and feasible, and the operation outcome is proved to be effective.

Taking the administration of Xinkai River for an example,the pro-natural waterfront landscape is studied.The participation role of water environment in the landscape is emphasized to show people's social attributes,in addition,the characteristics and advantages are analyzed and illustrated.It is pointed out that pro-natural waterfront landscape should insist on the designing principles and methods,such as focusing on small-scaled continuity,decreasing the degree of water quality damage,strengthening the comfort of pro-water atmosphere,predicting the influencing power of special affairs,and constructing a beautiful overall composition.

Objective To investigate the patterns of azoospermia factor C (AZFc) microdeletion in the Chinese Han population and optimize the selection of the required sequence tagged sites (STSs) of AZF microdeletion in multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods Nine STSs (sY84, sY86, sY127, sY134, sY152, sY145, sY255, sY254 and sY157) were detected by multiplex polymerase reaction for Y chromosome microdeletion in 164 Chinese Han patients with severe oligozoospermia or non-obstructive azoospermia, and another 105 with normal sperm concentration were included as controls. Meanwhile 180 cases of AZFc microdeletion (absence of sY255 and sY254) from multiple reproductive medical centers were analyzed for sY145, sY152 and sY157. Results Fourteen (8.5%) of the 164 patients with severe oligozoospermia or non-obstructive azoospermia showed AZFc microdeletion (absence of sY255 and sY254). All the 194 patients with the absence of sY255 and sY254 displayed the presence of sY145 and sY152, only 2 of them with sY157 present. Deletion of sY1206 and DAZ3/DAZ4 copies was confirmed in 1 case of severe oligozoospermia with sY157 absent only. Conclusion Deletion of sY255 and sY254 as well as sY157 is the most common pattern of AZFc microdeletion in the Chinese Han population. sY145 and sY152 can be omitted in AZFc screening. Absence of sY157 alone may be a new type of partial AZFc microdeletion in the Chinese Han population, and the clinical significance of unique sY157 absent needs to be further explored.

Adhering to the requirements for the commercial F-T catalyst,a series of RD works on the formula and preparation process were carried out.With the various results obtained through the lab and pilot plant,the properitery formula and preparation process of Shenhua F-T catalyst SFT418 were patented and commercialized successfully estabilshed.The catalyst has a Fe-Co dual active sites structure.Commercial production of the catalyst was evaluated by CSTR and CEU(a F-T process pilot plant with bubble column slurry reactor).Perfomance tests showed that the catalyst is of high activity,good selectivity and stability and high attrition resistance.It is suitable to be applied in the slurry phase F-T synthesis reactor.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the control substance of plant drug (CSPD) of Coptis chinensis Franch. and its proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints for the purpose of original identification.METHODS:The CSPD and their 1H NMR and HPLC fingerprints of Coptis chinensis were obtained by standardized procedure. Chemical components were isolated from the CSPD by silica gel column chromatography. By elucidation of their structures, the assignments of the characteristic signals in fingerprints could be achieved. RESULTS; The 1H NMR and HPLC fingerprints of the samples from various sources had wonderful reproducibility and characteristic features. Furthermore, five main compounds were isolated from CSPD and their structures were authenticated by spectral analysis as palmatine chloride, berberine chloride, epiberberine chloride, coptisine chloride, and jatrorrhizine chloride, respectively. The 1H NMR and HPLC fingerprints of the CSPD of Coptis chinensis showed mainly the characteristic signals of the berberine-type compounds isolated in this work.CONCLUSION:The 1H NMR and HPLC fingerprints of the CSPD of Coptis chinensis exhibit the structures and total composition of the main active constituents in it, and can be used for its original identification and quality evaluation.