Background: To identify irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) combined with anxiety and/or depression through a psychological screening tool and to further explore the relationships between patients with comorbidities and gut microbiota. Methods: The GAD-7, SAS, PHQ-9 and SDS were administered to evaluate anxiety and depression. Faeces were subsequently collected from 44 patients with emotional disorders (IBS-EDs), 22 patients without emotional disorders (IBS-nEDs) and 18 healthy controls (HCs) via 16S rRNA sequencing, depending on the participants' wishes. The differences in gut microbiota among different groups were analysed. Spearman analysis was conducted at the genus level and was based on psychological assessment scores. Patients with IBS-D were recruited from December 2020 to November 2022. Results: This study included 124 outpatients with IBS-D. According to the GAD-7 and SAS scores, 40.3% and 19.3% of the participants, respectively, had anxiety (P < 0.05). Similarly, a significantly greater percentage of participants had depression according to the PHQ-9 than according to the SDS (61.3% vs 33.1%) (P < 0.05). Overall, approximately 66.1% of the participants had emotional disorders (anxiety and/or depression) according to the GAD-7 and PHQ-9. Correlation analysis revealed that the abundances of Eubacterium_hallii_group, Monoglobus and Lachnoclostridium were closely related to the PHQ-9 scores and that the abundances of Subdoligranulum and Holdemanella were closely related to the GAD-7 scores. Conclusion: In comparison to the SAS and SDS, both the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 identified a greater number of individuals with emotional disorders within the IBS-D population. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that Lachnoclostridium is not only a biomarker for IBS-ED patients but also that its abundance changes are related to PHQ-9 scores, which may provide insights for further brain gut investigations.

Abstract As stimulation points in acupuncture,acupoints have unique local pathological characteristics. Acupoint sensitization is the transformation of an acupoint from a ‘silent state’ to an‘activ ated state’ and the specificity of sensitization is important for disease investigation, and its dynamics vary significantly with the degree of sensitization.The mechanism of action of l ocal acupoints on the skin needs to be further clarified to provide reference value for sub sequent acupuncture treatment.To explore the degree of acupoint sensitization relatedto the and the underlying mechanism of local content of small biomolecules, mainly mastcells.We established a knee osteoarthritis (KOA) model by intra-articular injection of sodiumiodoac etate (MIA) into the left knee of rats.The distal points of the extremities (Left Tianjing,Ri ght Tianjing,Left Heding,Right Heding)were selected for the study.The mechanical pain thre shold at local acupoints was detected by Electric Von Frey, and the aggregation andthreshi ng status of mast cells(MCs) were detected by toluidine blue staining.The MCs aggregatio n and degranulation status of each group were detected by toluidine blue staining;the chan ges in the content of trypsin, 5-HT and HA indexes at different activation points weredete cted by immunofluorescence double-labeling method.It showed that the content of trypsin, 5-HT and HA at different activated acupuncture points varied more than the resting state of the local acupuncture points, with the right Tianjing acupoint having a higher content t han the other points, indicating that the number of MCs and the content of trypsin, 5-HT and HA produced by degranulation may be one of the cellular mechanisms occurring dur ing acupuncture point sensitization. The pain thresholds of different acupoints were signific antly different, and the sensitization degree was in the order of right Tianjing acupoint（SJ 10）>right Heding acupoint（EX-LE2）>left Heding acupoint（EX-LE2）>left Tianjing acu point（SJ10）.It indicated that the sensitization differences clarify the degrees of variationw ith the differences in point selection,which helped to broaden the understanding ofthe char acteristics of local points and explore the basic pathology of localpoints and provided som e theoretical basis for clinical intervention selection.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease for which currently no cure is available. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been widely used in China as an alternative therapeutic approach for neurological diseases. The cognitive decline in patients with AD has been reported to be closely related to the deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the hippocampus of the brain, and the Morris water maze (MWM) test is a widely used method for assessing the behavior of animal models. In this study, the MWM test was performed to evaluate the effects of EA treatment on cognitive function and memory, and the micro-positron emission tomography scan was used to assess the hippocampal Aβ deposition. The results showed that the cognitive function of APP/PS1 mice was significantly improved and the rate of [18F]AV-45 uptake was reduced in the EA group, compared with the AD group. Our study suggested that EA can exert a therapeutic effect in AD by improving spatial learning and memory and inhibiting the hippocampal Aβ deposition.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Mongolian medicine three-acupoints balance needling on the expression of p11/tPA/BDNF pathway and miRNA-16 in the hippocampus and middle raphe nucleus (MRN) in chronic stress depression model rats, so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of depression. METHODS:Male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control, model, medication and Mongolian medicine acupuncture (acupuncture) groups, with 12 rats in each group. The depression model was established by using chronic unpredictable mild stress method. The rats in the medication group received gavage of prozac (2 mg/kg, diluted with normal saline, 1 mg/mL) 1 h after stress stimulation, once per day for 28 days, and those in the acupuncture group received three-acupoints (Heyi, Badagan and Xin) needling, once a day for 28 days. The behavioral changes were detected by using open field test and sugar consumption test before modeling and after the intervention. The immunoactivity of p11 and tPA proteins in the MRN, and their expression levels in both the MRN and hippocampus were detected by using immunofluorescence histochemistry and Western blot, separately, and the expression levels of miRNA-16 and BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus and MRN detected by using real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS:After modeling, the crossing and rearing scores of open field tests and the relative consumption of sucrose in the model group were apparently lower than those of the blank control group (P<0.05), the expression levels of p11 and tPA in the MRN, and those of p11 and tPA proteins and BDNF mRNA in the MRN and hippocampus were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05), while those of miRNA-16 in the hippocampus and MRN were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the crossing and rearing scores of open field tests and glucose consumption, as well as the expression levels of p11 and tPA proteins and BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus and MRN were obviously increased in both the medication and acupuncture groups (P<0.05), while the expression of miRNA-16 in hippocampus was markedly down-regulated in both the medication and acupuncture groups (P<0.05). No significant differences were found between the acupuncture and medication groups in all the indexes mentioned above (P>0.05). CONCLUSION:Mongolian medicine three-acupoints balance needling can improve the depressive state in depression rats, which may be associated with its effects in up-regulating the expression of p11 and tPA proteins and BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus and MRN and in down-regulating miRNA-16 in the hippocampus, suggesting an involvement of miRNA-16 controlled p11/tPA/BDNF signaling pathway in the antidepressant effect of acupuncture.

As the global population ages, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases has risen. Furthermore, it has been suggested that depression, especially in elderly people, may also be an indication of latent neurodegeneration. Stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD) are usually accompanied by depression. The urgent challenge is further enforced by psychiatric comorbid conditions, particularly the feeling of despair in these patients. Fortunately, as our understanding of the neurobiological substrates of maladies affecting the central nervous system (CNS) has increased, more therapeutic options and novel potential biological mechanisms have been presented: (1) Neurodegenerative diseases share some similarities in their pathological characteristics, including changes in neuron structure or function and neuronal plasticity. (2) MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that contribute to the pathogenesis of diverse neurological disease. (3) One ubiquitous neurotrophin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), is crucial for the development of the nervous system. Accumulating data have indicated that miRNAs not only are related to BDNF regulation but also can directly bind with the 3'-UTR of BDNF to regulate BDNF and participate in neuroplasticity. In this short review, we present evidence of shared biological substrates among stroke, AD, PD, and depression and summarize the possible influencing mechanisms of acupuncture on the neuroplasticity of these diseases. We discuss neuroplasticity underscored by the roles of miRNAs and BDNF, which might further reveal the potential biological mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases and depression by acupuncture.

The current study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment applied to Bai hui (GV20) and Yin tang (GV29) acupoints (1 mA, 2 Hz, continuous wave, 20 minutes) for 28 days in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on reuptake of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) and miRNA-16 levels in the hippocampus and serum. Rats were housed in individual cages, and CUMS was used to establish a rat model of depression. After EA treatment for 4 weeks, behavioral changes and indices including 5-HT transporter (SERT), 5-HT, and miRNA-16 levels in the hippocampus and serum were examined. The EA treatment significantly improved base levels of sucrose preference and exploratory behavior and significantly decreased SERT protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampus of depressed rats. Significantly increased 5-HT levels were observed, and miRNA-16 levels were significantly decreased in the hippocampus and serum of depressed rats. In conclusion, the antidepressant effects of EA treatment may be affected via inhibition of 5-HT reuptake, upregulation of 5-HT levels, and inhibition of miRNA-16 expression in the hippocampus and serum.

Objective To observe the changes of kynurenine(KYN), Indoleamine 2, 3 oxidase (IDO), and tryptophan (TRP) in chronicity stress depression model rats and the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA), and to explore the effect of kynurenine pathway in the onset and treatment of depression. Methods The study was performed after the rats were allowed to acclimate for 1 week. The chronic unpredictable mild stress and solitarily feeding method were used to make the depression models. After 21 consecutive days’ chronic unpredictable mild stress, the hippocampus was collected, and the levels of TRP, IDO, KYN were detected by ELISA. Results The cross and rear scores were significantly lower in the model group than in the control group [(37.40±10.13) vs. (60.00±19.74) and (4.20±2.94) vs. (16.33±2.94); both P<0.05], and were higher in the EA group and the fluoxetine group than in the model group (all P<0.5). The levels of TRP and KYN were higherand the level of IDO was lower in the model group than in the blank group [(0.78±0.81) μg/ml vs. (0.66±0.10) μg/ml, (601.23±18.13) nmol/L vs. (550.18±21.30) nmol/L, and (276.33±36.05) pg/ml vs. (329.89±30.11) pg/ml; all P<0.05]. Compared with those of the model group, the levels of TRP and KYN decreased and the level of IDO increased in the EA group (all P<0.05). Conclusion Electro-acupuncture may relieve depression by adjusting the abnormality of kynurenine pathway. Key words: Depression; Electro-acupuncture; Kynurenine pathway

我患过敏性结膜炎已经好几年了.每年开春都是我最难受的时候,因为双眼奇痒难忍.所以,我根本无心欣赏春天美丽的花儿和美丽的山水.在求医的过程中,我遇到很多具体的问题,想请教专家,虽然这些都是小问题,但却困扰了我好多年. 问题一:我的结膜炎为什么只在春天的时候犯,过了春天就好了?当眼睛特别痒的时候,我忍不住用手揉眼睛,结果把眼睛都揉红了,眼睛还是又痒又干.请问用手揉眼睛为什么不能解痒呢?

<正>患者崔某,男,46岁,于2009年2月4日因双眼突发视物不清2年就诊于我院。查:裸眼视力右眼0.12+,左眼0.1+,电脑验光显示无明显屈光不正。双眼RAPD(-),外眼及前节正常,散瞳查双眼底大致正常。全身无其他不适。

<正>病案患者周某,男,71岁,因右眼疼痛视物不清6d,于2003年10月5日以恶性青光眼转入我院。曾于2003年9月26日在当地因老年性白内障行右眼Phaco+IOL植入术(人工晶体+21.5D),转院6d前出现右眼疼痛、恶心、呕吐,右眼压101mmHg,当地诊断为"右恶性青光眼、右Phaco+IOL术后",予20%甘露醇静点、1%阿托品眼水滴右眼4次/d,转入我院。既往心脏病、高血压半月,服卡托

我们的眼睛犹如一架精密的照相机,外面的光线可以通过角膜、房水、晶状体、玻璃体这一系列被我们称之为"屈光间质"的透明物质投射到眼底视网膜,进而产生神经冲动,经视路传向大脑视皮层,最终产生视觉.

忙碌的新学期又开始了.由于学习过于紧张,家长们发现孩子的视力不断下滑,他们真怕孩子带上厚厚的眼镜,于是他们处处打听有什么办法能阻止视力的下降.不少家长把希望寄托在各种名目繁多的近视治疗仪以及其他治疗方法上,但他们真的能如愿吗?

干眼是指由于泪液的质和量的异常或泪液流体动力学异常引起的泪膜不稳定和眼表的损害,从而导致眼部不适症状的一类疾病.其临床特征主要有眼疲劳、异物感、干涩感、烧灼感、眼胀感、眼痛感、畏光、眼红等,其中以眼疲劳、异物感、干涩感为三项主要症状.根据目前对干眼发病机制的研究[1],其治疗需要通过综合的治疗方法达到恢复正常眼表状态的目的.

OBJECTIVE To observe effect of traditional Chinese medicine tuichizhiyang(退赤止痒) decoction on treatment of vernal conjunctivitis. METHODS One hundred and fifty five patients divided into observed groups and control group. The patients were treated with tuichizhiyang decoction combined with eyedrop containing dexamethasone and kanamycin in the observed group. The patients were treated only with eyedrop containing dexamethasone and kanamycin in the control group. At 2 weeks and 4 weeks effect of treatment was recorded and ratio of recurrence was compared between two groups. RESULTS There was not significant difference at 2 weeks (P>0.05). Effective ratio was higher in the observed group than in the control group (P<0.05). In period of follow-up ratio of recurrence was lower in the observed group than in the control group(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Traditional Chinese medicine tuichizhiyang decoction could be available and it could reduce ratio of recurrence in treatment of vernal conjunctivitis.