Light quality optimization is a cost-effective method for increasing leafy vegetable quality in plant factories. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that enable the precise modulation of light quality were used in this study to examine the effects of red-blue (RB), red-blue-green (RBG), red-blue-purple (RBP), and red-blue-far-red (RBF) lights on the growth, antioxidant capacity, and nitrogen metabolism of Chinese cabbage leaves, while white light served as the control (CK). Results showed that the chlorophyll, carotenoid, vitamin C, amino acid, total flavonoid, and antioxidant levels of Chinese cabbage were all significantly increased under RBP combined light treatment. Meanwhile, RBG combined light treatment significantly increased the levels of amino acids but decreased the nitrite content of Chinese cabbage. In addition, RBF combined light treatment remarkably increased the amino acid levels but decreased the antioxidant capacity of Chinese cabbage. In conclusion, the addition of purple light to red-blue light was effective in improving the nutritional value and antioxidant capacity of Chinese cabbage. This light condition can be used as a model for a supplemental lighting strategy for leafy vegetables in plant factory production.

In view of the current situation of high temperature obstacle in the pepper production in late autumn in Hunan area, the structure of the traditional plastic greenhouse was optimized, and the structure, indoor temperature change and its effect on the pepper cultivation in late autumn were compared and analyzed with traditional greenhouse as the control. The results showed that from August 20th to September 26th, the average daytime temperature in the optimized plastic greenhouse was significantly lower than that in the traditional plastic greenhouse, its cooling effect was better than that of the traditional plastic greenhouse. While from September 27th to November 30th, the average daytime temperature in the optimized plastic greenhouse was significantly higher than that in the traditional plastic greenhouse, its heat preservation effect was better than that of the traditional plastic greenhouse. The average night temperature in the optimized plastic greenhouse was obviously lower than that in the traditional plastic greenhouse from August 20th to November 8th, while its average night temperature was higher than that in the traditional plastic greenhouse from November 9th to November 30th. The pepper cultivation benefit in late autumn of the optimized plastic greenhouse was also significantly higher than that of the traditional plastic greenhouse. Compared with the traditional plastic greenhouse, the fruit weight and yield per plant of pepper were significantly increased in late autumn in the optimized plastic greenhouse, and the 667 m2yield significantly increased by 11.3%.

Vegetable crops are abundant in a variety of biologically active compounds that have biological effects on human metabolism, immunity, and the prevention of cancer and chronic diseases. Light is one of the environmental elements that has the greatest impact on the growth and development of vegetable crops. It also plays a significant role in controlling the synthesis and metabolism of a variety of bioactive chemicals in plants. The molecular mechanism of light quality regulating the aforementioned active substances was summarized. This article analyzes the effects of LED light quality and ratio on the metabolism of active substances such as phenolic compounds, carotenoid, sulforaphane, and vitamin C in vegetable crops. In addition to serving as a theoretical guide, this review can offer technical assistance for LED light quality control of high-quality vegetables as well as theoretical support for the measurement of bioactive compounds in vegetable crops.

The development of agricultural robots and the promotion of agricultural production automation are important means to alleviate the shortage of agricultural labor. Fruit and vegetable detection is a prerequisite for accurate harvesting by robots. It directly determines the efficiency and quality of harvesting operations. In order to meet the requirements of target positioning and recognition of tomato harvesting robots, this paper studies tomato recognition technology based on YOLOv3 convolutional neural network algorithm. And the tomato detection process of the YOLOv3 model is presented. The YOLOv3 model training dataset is constructed based on greenhouse tomato plants. The test results show that the model based on the YOLOv3 convolutional neural network has a better detection effect.

Chinese broccoli [Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (L. H. Bailey) Musil] is an annual herbaceous healthy vegetable plant mainly cultivated in southern China. Previous studies have been primarily focused on investigating the nutritional ingredients of this plant, little is known about its medicinal potentials. Here we report the profiling of sulforaphane, an active ingredient with potent anticancer activities, in 47 Chinese broccoli germplasms collected from China and some southeast-Asian countries. High-performance liquid chromatography technology was used to systemically quantify the sulforaphane content in leaf, stem, and flower bud clusters of all 47 Chinese broccoli germplasms. The results indicated a diverse distribution pattern of sulforaphane among different tissues. Flower bud contained the highest average of sulforaphane, roughly twice as much as in leaf and stem tissues. Interestingly, different germplasms exhibited great differences in terms of sulforaphane abundance. Germplasm BOK15-20 is extremely rich in sulforaphane in all tissues tested, similar to 2,500 times of BOK15-15 in leaf, 66 times of BOK15-42 in the stem, and 77 times of BOK15-40 in flower bud. The tremendous disparity of sulforaphane content among different germplasms suggests considerable variations in germplasms' medicinal potentials. In addition, we systemically characterized a series of morphological and phenotypic traits of all 47 Chinese broccoli germplasms. Cluster analysis through NTSYSpc v2.2 showed that the 47 germplasms were classified into five different groups, respectively, based on sulforaphane content and qualitative phenotypic traits. Our results not only confirmed the medicinal values of Chinese broccoli but also provided crucial information that will eventually benefit future germplasm development and new variety breeding.

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an annual climbing herb that belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and is one of the most important economic crops in the world. The breeding of cucumber varieties with excellent agronomic characteristics has gained more attention in recent years. The size and shape of the leaves or fruit and the plant architecture are important agronomic traits that influence crop management and productivity, thus determining the crop yields and consumer preferences. The growth of the plant is precisely regulated by both environmental stimuli and internal signals. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the plant morphological regulation of Arabidopsis, rice, and maize, our understanding of the control mechanisms of the growth and development of cucumber is still limited. This paper reviews the regulation of phytohormones in plant growth and expounds the latest progress in research regarding the genetic regulation pathways in leaf development, fruit size and shape, branching, and plant type in cucumber, so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving cucumber productivity and cultivation efficiency.

Root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) cause a significant decrease in the yield of cucumber crops every year. Cucumis metuliferus is an important wild germplasm that has resistance to RKN in which plant root volatiles are thought to play a role. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. To investigate it, we used the resistant C. metuliferus line CM3 and the susceptible cucumber line Xintaimici (XTMC). CM3 roots repelled Meloidogyne incognita second-stage larvae (J2s), while the roots of XTMC plants attracted the larvae. CM3 and XTMC were found to contain similar amounts of root volatiles, but many volatiles, including nine hydrocarbons, three alcohols, two aldehydes, two ketones, one ester, and one phenol, were only detected in CM3 roots. It was found that one of these, (methoxymethyl)-benzene, could repel M. incognita, while creosol and (Z)-2-penten-1-ol could attract M. incognita. Interestingly, creosol and (Z)-2-penten-1-ol effectively killed M. incognita at high concentrations. Furthermore, we found that a mixture of CM3 root volatiles increased cucumber resistance to M. incognita. The results provide insights into the interaction between the host and plant-parasitic nematodes in the soil, with some compounds possibly acting as nematode biofumigation, which can be used to manage nematodes.

加强协同创新是培养创新型人才和建设创新型国家的内在要求.当前,地方农业院校在科技创新能力、创新人才培养等方面与部属高校相比仍存在较大的差距.该文分析了地方农业院校博士生培养现状及不足,提出了共建协同创新中心、建立研究生联合培养基地、开展联合培养和合作研究等协同创新模式,并从改革招生录取方式、修订培养方案等方面对博士培养模式的改革与实践进行了总结.

1.早青1号早青1号为广东省农业科学院经济作物研究所育成的一代杂交品种.该品种植株生长势中等,主蔓结瓜为主,早熟.瓜条呈短圆形,长18～20厘米,单瓜重150～200克,表皮深绿有光泽,质脆,品质优良,每667平方米产量2000～2500千克.抗霜霉病,不抗白粉病;耐寒性强,适宜春季早熟栽培.

Light quality optimization is an efficient method for improving the growth and quality of lettuce in plant factories. In this study, lettuce seedlings were illuminated under different light-emitting diode (LED) lights, namely, red-blue (RB), red-blue-green (RBG), red-blue-purple (RBP), and red-blue-far-red (RBF) LED lights, to investigate the effect of light quality on growth, quality, and nitrogen metabolism. The combination of 75% red and 25% blue light was set as the basic light source, and 20% of green, purple and far-red light were added to basic light source, respectively. All the treatments were set to 200 μmol m–2 s–1. Results showed that the fresh weight and dry weight of aboveground lettuce under RBG, RBP, and RBF treatments were significantly lower than those under the RB treatment because of the decrease in the effective photon flux density for chlorophyll absorption. The vitamin C content of the lettuce leaves was increased by about 23% with the addition of purple light. For nitrate reduction, the addition of green light significantly increased the nitrite content of the lettuce leaves. It also promoted the reduction from nitrite to ammonium through the activation of the nitrite reductase (NiR) expression and enzyme activity. The nitrate and ammonium content decreased with the addition of purple light because of the inhibited NR and NiR expression and enzyme activity. For nitrogen assimilation, individual (e.g., Asp, Glu, and Leu) and total amino acids were induced to increase by adding green, purple, and far-red light. The addition of light was hypothesized to have inhibited protein biosynthesis, thereby causing the accumulation of amino acids. Correlation analysis showed that the relative expression levels between HY5 and NR/NiR presented a significantly negative correlation. Transcription factor HY5 might mediate the regulation of light quality on nitrogen metabolism by inhibiting NR and NiR expressions. It might also exert a negative effect on nitrate reduction. Further studies via genome editing techniques on the identification of HY5 functions for nitrate assimilation will be valuable. Nevertheless, the results of this work enrich the understanding of the effect of light quality on nitrate metabolism at the level of gene expression and enzyme activity.

长江中下游地区冬春季节低温寡照严重制约了辣椒幼苗的生长发育.分析光质对辣椒幼苗生长发育的影响,并从光合生理角度探讨LED光质的调控机制,为低温寡照天气下辣椒育苗提供新思路和新方法.以兴蔬215辣椒为试材,以白光为对照,设置红蓝光1∶1(RB)、红蓝光3∶1(3RB)、红蓝光6∶1(6RB)、红蓝光9∶1(9RB)和红光(R)5个处理,光强均为150 μmol/(m2·s),光周期为12 h/12 h,研究了不同LED红蓝光质对辣椒幼苗生长、叶片光合特性和叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果 表明,辣椒幼苗株高和下胚轴长度随着红光比例的升高而增大,3RB和6RB处理的地上部分干、鲜质量和地下部分干、鲜质量均高于R处理.光响应曲线和CO2曲线显示,相同光强或相同CO2浓度下,3RB处理辣椒叶片Pn值始终高于对照和其他处理,且羧化效率(CE)、Rubisco最大羧化速率(Vmax)、最大电子传递速率(Jmax)、磷酸丙糖利用率(TPU)均为最高,但其与6RB处理差异不大.叶绿素荧光特性显示,随着R/B值的增大,辣椒幼苗叶片初始荧光(Fo)和最大荧光产量(Fm)均增大,但各个处理间的最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)无显著差异.红蓝组合光处理辣椒幼苗叶片的非光化学淬灭(NPQ)显著高于单一红光处理.相对荧光强度结果显示,单一红光处理辣椒幼苗△K＞0、△J＞0、△I＞0、△L＞0,而红蓝组合3RB、RB光处理△K＜0、△J＜0、△I＜0、△L＜0.综上所述,3RB和6RB处理能显著提高辣椒幼苗叶片吸收、捕获光量子的能力,保护光合系统膜完整、光合电子传递顺畅,使辣椒叶片的最大光合速率、光饱和点、CE、Vmax、Jmax、TPU较高,提升光合作用的同时较好地保护光合结构,减少光抑制,进而提高其地上和地下干物质积累.红蓝光3∶1和6∶1可为辣椒幼苗的生长发育提供较佳的光照环境,为低温寡照天气下辣椒育苗提供借鉴意义.

冬瓜是葫芦科冬瓜属中的栽培种,较耐热、产量高,贮运性好,货架期长.栽培冬瓜的品种类型很多,生产上主要分为大型冬瓜和小型冬瓜(节瓜),其中大型冬瓜又分为青皮冬瓜和粉皮冬瓜. 青皮冬瓜 1.湘潭撑棚冬瓜该品种为湘潭地方品种,植株生长势强,果实长,呈圆柱形,长约120厘米,横径16～20厘米,产量高,适合搭架栽培. 2.铁柱168 该品种为广东省农业科学院蔬菜研究所育成的杂交品种,果实长,呈炮弹形,墨绿色,一般单瓜重20～25千克,横径23～25厘米,瓜长70～90厘米,肉质致密,内腔小,耐贮运,田间表现抗枯萎病、疫病.

以18个番茄品种为试材,置于冷害条件下培养,昼夜温度为15℃/7℃,计算其冷害指数,评价18个番茄品种的耐低温性并将其分为强耐冷型、弱耐冷型和冷敏感型.根据冷害指数将T1和T3作为强耐冷型品种,T13作为弱耐冷型品种,T10和T11作为冷敏感型品种.测定这5个品种在冷害温度下的叶片相对电导率、气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数.结果表明,T1和T3番茄叶片的相对电导率低于T13、T10和T11,T3的净光合速率显著高于其他品种,T1和T3的光化学猝灭系数高于T10和T13,T1的最大光化学效率高于其他品种.综上所述,强耐冷型品种质膜损伤程度低,光合系统受损伤程度低,气孔开合度受低温影响小,光合作用下降幅度小.

为探究设施工厂生产芹菜的适宜光源,使用发光二极管(LED)作为试验光源,选用'西芹1号'试材进行水培处理,设置红蓝(RB=3:1)、红蓝绿(RBG=3:1:1)、红蓝紫(RBP=3:1:1)、红蓝+近红外(RBF=3:1:1)4种不同光质处理,以白光处理为对照(CK),研究不同光质对水培芹菜生长、品质及氮代谢关键酶活性的影响.结果表明,与CK处理相比,RB、RBG、RBP和RBF处理都提高了芹菜株高、株幅和SPAD值以及叶柄中可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量;同时降低了亚硝酸盐含量,维生素C含量以RB、RBP处理最高,RBG和RBF处理略低于CK,但差异性并不显著.氮代谢方面:RB、RBG、RBP和RBF处理均提高了芹菜叶柄的NR、GS和GOGAT活性,进而促进氮素吸收以及转化,增加了氮代谢产物积累及蛋白质的合成.综上所述,在红蓝光基础上增加适宜的紫光对提高水培芹菜的产量和品质最为有利.

以“塞维斯”水果黄瓜为试材,采用大棚基质栽培方式,对3种不同结构的塑料大棚(对称型侧开窗大棚A、锯齿型顶侧开窗大棚B、不对称型顶侧开窗大棚C)和3种不同覆盖材料(PE膜、PO膜、SC膜)进行温光效应观测,并比较了不同处理对黄瓜生长的影响.通过对大棚结构的优化和覆盖材料的筛选,以期改善大棚的温光环境,为蔬菜作物提供较适宜的生长环境.结果 表明:1)3种不同结构大棚的散热性能B＞C＞A;棚内光照强度C＞A＞B;黄瓜产量B＞C＞A,B产量较A提高16.71％,C产量较A提高11.2％.2)3种不同覆盖材料大棚内温度差异主要来源于覆盖材料的透光性,SC膜和PO膜透光率高于PE膜;透光率直接影响黄瓜的产量,3种不同覆盖材料大棚的黄瓜产量PO＞SC＞PE,PO膜和SC膜对黄瓜增产显著,每667 m2产量分别为8 595、7 995 kg,分别较PE提高29.35％和21.87％.综上所述,锯齿型顶侧开窗大棚和PO膜性能最优,为适合当地生产需要,应建设锯齿型顶侧开窗结构的大棚,并覆盖PO膜进行生产.

光是植物生长发育的必需条件,为探究光质对辣椒幼苗生长发育的影响,以兴蔬215为试材,分别给予红蓝光(RB=3:1)、红蓝紫光(RBP=3:1:1)、红蓝绿光(RBG=3:1:1)、红蓝近红外光(RBF=3:1:1)4种不同光质处理,以白光处理为对照(CK),测定并分析了不同光质对辣椒幼苗形态、叶片叶绿素含量、光合特性、叶绿素荧光和氮代谢的影响.结果表明,RBP处理下辣椒幼苗的株高和地上部干、鲜质量最高,同时地下部干、鲜质量均显著高于对照及其他处理.RB、RBG和RBP处理均不同程度地提高了辣椒幼苗叶片的净光合速率,其中RB处理较对照增加幅度最大.RB处理的非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)显著高于对照及其他处理,RBP处理的单位反应中心吸收的光能(ABS/RC)、被单位反应中心捕获的光能(TRo/RC)、单位反应中心用于电子传递的能量(ETo/RC)显著高于对照和其他处理.RBF处理下的硝酸还原酶(NR)、谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)、谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性显著高于对照.综上,RBP处理显著提高了辣椒幼苗叶片吸收、捕获光量子的能力,增加用于电子传递的能量,优化光能分配,增强电子传递的能力,进而提高了辣椒幼苗地上部和地下部干物质积累;结合形态指标和叶绿素荧光的综合表现,在红蓝光基础上增加紫光对辣椒幼苗生长最为有利.

The effects of S and Se treatment on cabbage, especially the interactions of S and Se metabolism with the biosynthesis of glucosinolate (GSL), including glucoraphanin, which is a major aliphatic GSL in cruciferous vegetables and the precursor of the anticancer compound sulforaphane, were examined. Cabbage plants were treated with sulfate and selenite (SeO32−), and the total S, Se, and GSL contents of cabbage head and outer foliage leaves were measured. Results showed that selenite treatment was beneficial to GSL biosynthesis and Se accumulation in cabbage head and outer foliage leaves. GSL synthesis was induced by exogenous selenite-elevated sulfate treatment at certain concentration ratios, i.e., 50-μΜ selenite + 1-mΜ sulfate or 100-μΜ selenite + 4-mΜ sulfate. A high exogenous sulfate concentration was more favorable to GSL accumulation than a low sulfate concentration. According to the relative expression of genes on GSL synthesis, an increase in the GSL content was attributed to the upregulation of gene expression and possible transportation from the outer foliage leaf to the head of cabbage. These results might be helpful for increasing the health benefits of cabbage by supplying exogenous S and Se. Further research should explore the effects of sulfate and selenite on GSL precursor substances to reveal the reason why total GSL contents increased.

长江中下游地区气候夏季炎热多雨、冬季寒冷少雨.最冷月平均气温不低于0℃,最热月平均气温高于22℃,且该地区人群食用辣椒量较大.因此大棚辣椒栽培可分为以下三种模式:春提早栽培,秋延后栽培和长季节栽培(越夏修剪再生、越冬修剪再生),以此来满足长江流域地区人群对辣椒的需求.

为了对《植物新品种特异性,一致性和稳定性测试指南菜豆》标准品种选用的合理性进行评价,为测试指南进一步的修订和完善提供分子层面的参考依据,本研究对菜豆DUS测试标准品种的遗传多样性进行分析.结果 显示,33对核心引物在26个标准品种中共检测到214个等位变异,平均每对引物检测到了6.49个等位变异,该套引物的Shannon's信息指数在0.515 8～2.125 7之间,均值是1.295 7;多态信息含量(PIC)处于0.248 0～0.860 9之间,平均值为0.604 0.26个标准品种的遗传相似系数在0.03～0.85之间,平均值为0.31,表明品种间遗传多样性较丰富,标准品种选择较为合理.其中仅'双阳大花皮'和'大家花雀蛋间'的遗传相似系数大于0.8,且二者在测试指南中均只指示一个性状,可以根据这一结果开展进一步田间对比试验,尝试减少标准品种数量,提高DUS测试效率.

光是植物生长发育的重要环境因子,也是一种调节植物生长发育过程的重要因子,综述了红、蓝、黄、紫单色光和不同比例混合光对蔬菜(绿叶类蔬菜、茄果类蔬菜及芽苗菜)生长、品质以及碳氮代谢影响的研究进展,以期为植物工厂进行优质、高产蔬菜栽培提供技术支撑和理论指导.