Berry skin color CIE parameters, pH and anthocyanidin profiling of 46 grape accessions were investigated using CIE Lab system, pH measurement and anthocyanidin profiling. CIE parameters separated the samples into three groups: yellowish-green, pinkish-red, and purplish-black, and principal component analysis confirmed clear clustering, with the first two components explaining 99.1% of the variance. After anthocyanidin analysis, cyanidin was detected in all samples, whereas trace-level pelargonidin derivatives were identified by UPLC-MS/MS. Total anthocyanidin content was insufficient to evaluate the quality of berry color, but anthocyanidin composition and relative proportions showed a stronger association with color classification. Yellowish-green berries were enriched in cyanidin, while purplish berries contained more malvidin- and cyanidin. Multivariate analysis identified cyanidin, malvidin, and peonidin derivatives as the main drivers of berry skin color variations. Skin homogenate pH ranged from 3.36 to 4.63 and it was lower in wild grape relatives. Correlation analysis indicated that pH was associated with color parameters. Species-related differences in anthocyanidin glycosylation and acylation were evident, and mono/diglucosides may have potential effects on skin color. Overall, skin color appears to depend on anthocyanidin composition, relative proportions, and pH, offering a chemical basis for grape breeding and fruit quality evaluation.

To address the challenges of rapid and accurate grape variety identification in natural orchard environments, along with the demand for efficient deployment on mobile devices, we propose in this paper YOLOv11n-GrapeLite, a lightweight model built upon an enhanced YOLOv11n architecture. First, an Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) mechanism is incorporated into the Neck layer. This mechanism adaptively recalibrates feature channel weights to emphasize those relevant to grape variety recognition, suppress background interference, and enhance target feature perception in complex scenes. Second, an adaptive downsampling (ADown) strategy is employed to replace the traditional convolutional downsampling module, reducing computational complexity while preserving critical features. Finally, the original C3k2 module is redesigned as a multi-scale convolution block (MSCB). This block integrates depthwise separable convolutions with multi-scale convolutions, which achieves significant parameter compression and enhances multi-scale feature extraction. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 91.5%, representing a 0.2% improvement over the original YOLOv11n, along with a 0.6% increase in recall. These results indicate outstanding robustness in complex field scenarios. The model’s parameter count was reduced to 1.87 million, computational complexity to 5.0 GFLOPS, and model size to 4.1 MB. These figures represent reductions of 27.8%, 23.1%, and 25.5%, respectively, compared to the original YOLOv11n, demonstrating significant lightweight optimization. Compared to mainstream models such as YOLOv6, YOLOv8n, YOLOv9s, YOLOV12, YOLOv13 and YOLOv26, the proposed model achieves superior performance in parameter count, computational load, and model size, while maintaining competitive detection accuracy. The YOLOv11n-GrapeLite model efficiently adapts to mobile terminal deployment, providing a feasible and efficient technical solution for real-time, precise identification of grape varieties in complex field scenarios.

Objectives: The aroma profile is a key determinant of fruit quality. Methods: In this study, mature ‘Summer Black’ grape berries were collected from 36 major producing areas in southern China to evaluate regional differences in fruit quality, volatile compounds were analyzed by via GC-MS, and a representative volatile profile was established. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing was employed to identify key genes involved in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway related to aroma formation. Results: The results showed the following: (1) Samples from CD-2 exhibited the highest soluble solid content and the largest TSS/TA ratio. (2) A total of 20 volatile compounds were selected as indicators for the aroma fingerprint. MS-1 samples contained the most diverse aroma compounds (19 types), while CS-2 had the fewest (12 types). (3) Eight aroma compounds were consistently detected across all regions: hexanal, trans-2-hexenal, n-hexanol, β-citronellol, geraniol, nerol, benzyl alcohol, and phenethyl alcohol. Among these, hexanal and trans-2-hexenal were the most abundant; phenylethyl alcohol exhibited the most significant variation in percentage content across all samples, and was determined to be the representative and dominant volatile compound in ‘Summer Black’ grapes. (4) A transcriptome analysis of six representative regions identified 15 differentially expressed genes associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and metabolism. Among them, PAO (Vitvi04g01467) was significantly correlated with phenethyl alcohol content. Conclusions: These findings provide a basis for evaluating the aroma quality of ‘Summer Black’ grapes and offer insights for regional cultivation selection.

The rapid development of viticulture in subtropical regions represents a significant achievement in China’s table grape industry over the last two decades. However, insufficient winter chilling in these areas often leads to inadequate dormancy, which compromises nutrient translocation and storage in grapevines. Insufficient chilling accumulation results in asynchronous budbreak and reduced cane quality. In this study, ‘Shine Muscat’ grapevines were used to systematically evaluate how different defoliant agents affect budbreak characteristics from the perspective of nutrient translocation and storage. The results indicated that applications of ethephon or urea alone, as well as their combinations with boric acid, yielded unstable effects, often causing primary bud necrosis, decreased flower formation rates, and phytotoxicity. In contrast, the combination of lime sulfur and boric acid exhibited a remarkable synergistic effect, significantly promoting dry matter and starch accumulation in canes while enhancing the budbreak speed, uniformity, and flower cluster formation rate. Further experiments with varying concentrations of lime sulfur combined with 0.2% boric acid revealed that utilizing 2% lime sulfur in this combination produced the most pronounced effects, achieving the highest dormancy-breaking efficacy under conventional cultivation conditions. This treatment was used for the first time to produce a second crop during off-season cultivation. The dual effects of dormancy release and bud promotion achieved via this approach represent a reliable solution in high-quality and efficient grape production in subtropical regions.

Mature Vitis davidii berries exhibit a unique metabolite profile characterized by exceptionally low malate, relatively lower soluble sugars, and abundant anthocyanin diglucoside accumulation. To elucidate the regulatory basis underlying these distinctive traits, we performed an integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis across 18 developmental stages. This atlas identified veraison as a critical metabolic reprogramming window, marking a significant shift in metabolic flux that is potentially linked to species-specific transcriptional divergences. Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified candidate hub genes hypothesized to participate in these shifts. Specifically, transient transformation in grapevine callus provided preliminary functional evidence suggesting that the nuclear-localized transcription factor VdNAC17 potentially regulates soluble sugar accumulation, while VdbZIP30 might serve a dual regulatory function coordinating both soluble sugars and anthocyanins. Collectively, this high-resolution multiomics atlas proposes a foundational regulatory framework for V. davidii berry quality and identifies promising genetic targets for targeted grapevine breeding programs.

To improve nitrogen (N) fertilizer management in vineyards and support sustainable production, we conducted field experiments in 2021-2022 to evaluate the effects of reduced N fertilization combined with organic fertilizer (OF) on vine growth, fruit quality, soil fertility, and economic returns in Shine Muscat grapes. Six treatments were established: conventional fertilization (CF), four reduced-N treatments combined with OF (0.9N + OF to 0.6N + OF; i.e., 10-40% N reduction), and a blank control (CK). Yield was significantly increased under 0.8N + OF (18.2% in 2021; 96.0% in 2022) and 0.7N + OF (10.8% in 2021; 47.9% in 2022), with 0.8N + OF also delivering the highest economic returns. Fruit quality analysis showed that 0.8N + OF consistently increased total sugar and the sugar-acid ratio, and improved vitamin C content. Substitution ratios >40% led to a decline in economic benefits. Path analysis indicated that vertical diameter and single-berry weight exerted significant positive effects on total yield. OF substitution also improved fruit quality. Soil available nutrients (N, P, and K) and organic matter were primary factors influencing yield; potassium was the key factor regulating sugar accumulation, with the strongest effect on improving flavor coordination. Reducing N by 20-30% combined with OF (particularly the 0.8N + OF treatment) synergistically enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, N utilization, yield and quality, and soil fertility, representing the optimal fertilization strategy.

[Objective]Vitis davidii.is an important wild grape germplasm resource in southern China.The organic acids in its fruits primarily accumulate in the form of tartaric acid,malic acid and citric ac-id in the vacuoles during the early stages of fruit development,a process primarily influenced by alumi-num-activated malate transporter(ALMT9),vacuolar membrane dicarboxylate transporter(tDT),and vacuolar membrane proton pump.This study aimed to investigate the function of the VdWRKY26 gene in the growth and development of Vitis davidii fruits.The coding region(CDS)and promoter sequence of the VdWRKY26 gene were cloned from Xiangci No.1,and its function and promoter activity were further analyzed.[Methods]The Pearson correlation coefficients between VdWRKY26 gene expression data and organic acid content were calculated using the R language packages GGally and ggplot2.Us-ing cDNA from Vitis davidii fruits tissue as a template,primers were designed via the Oligo7 website for PCR amplification.The CDS region of the VdWRKY26 gene was cloned via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The phylogenetic tree and multiple amino acid sequence align-ments of the VdWRKY26 gene and its homologous were constructed using TBtools,MEGA 12.0,and DNAMAN software.Following the construction of a GFP-VdWRKY26 expression vector,it was trans-formed into tobacco to determine the subcellular localization of VdWRKY26.The expression levels of VdWRKY26 were measured by qPCR in different tissues of V davidii,and the promoter activity of Vd-WRKY26 was determined by GUS staining.Homologous expression in grape 41B suspension cells was used to validate its function.[Results]Pearson correlation analysis between VdWRKY26 gene expres-sion levels and organic acid content revealed that VdWRKY26 exhibited high expression during the ear-ly stages of fruit development and low expression during the later stages,showing a significant positive correlation between VdWRKY26 gene expression levels with organic acid accumulation in V.davidii fruits.Sequence analysis indicated that the coding region of VdWRKY26 gene spans 1434 bp,encoding 477 amino acids.Phylogenetic analysis of VdWRKY26 and its homologous genes showed that Vd-WRKY26 belonged to the same clade as petunia PhPH3,pear PbWRKY26 and apple MdWRKY126.Using DNAMAN software to align the VdWRKY26 protein sequence with its homologous sequences from V.vinifera,apple,pear,tomato,Arabidopsis,Petunia,and Citrus,it was found that this protein contains a WRKY domain encompassing the β2,β3 and β4 regions.Subcellular localization analysis re-vealed that the GFP-VdWRKY26 protein was primarily localized in the nucleus.Subsequently,qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of VdWRKY26 in roots,stems,young leaves,fruits at 13 days after flowering(DAF),fruits at 49 DAF,fruits at 88 DAF,and fruits at 130 DAF.Results revealed that VdWRKY26 exhibited higher expression levels in leaves,fruits at 13 days after flowering(DAF),and fruits at 49 DAF,while showing relatively lower expression in roots and stems.This indicates that the gene may play a key regulatory role during the early stages of leaf and fruit development.Analysis of ciss-acting elements in the VdWRKY26 promoter via the PlantCARE website predicted that this promoter primarily contains the light-responsive element Box4 and participates in drought-induced elements such as MBS.Subsequently,transient transfection was performed in tobacco plants followed by GUS stain-ing analysis.Results showed distinct blue staining in leaves at the transfection site,while no staining was observed in the empty vector control group,confirming the activity of the cloned VdWRKY26 gene promoter.Homologous expression of the VdWRKY26 gene was performed in grape 41B suspension cells,using empty vector-transformed grape 41B cells as controls.The expression levels of the Vd-WRKY26 gene in the control group(EV)and VdWRKY26 transgenic grape 41B cells was detected by qPCR.Results showed that the expression level of VdWRKY26 in the transgenic grape 41B cells was on-ly 32.135％of that in the empty vector transgenic control cells,indicating a co-suppression phenome-non.High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the organic acid content in EV and 35S:GFP-VdWRKY26 transgenic grape 41B cells.It was found that the malic acid content in 35S:GFP-VdWRKY26 transgenic grape 41B cells was significantly lower than that in the control group,while the citric acid content showed no significant changes.This confirmed that VdWRKY26 primarily participates in the regulation of malic acid accumulation in grapes.[Conclusion]This study cloned the CDS region and promoter sequence of the VdWRKY26 gene and analyzed its function.VdWRKY26 ex-hibits higher expression levels in leaves and fruits than that in roots and stems,showing high expression levels during the early stages of fruit development.The cloned 2545 bp promoter sequence of the Vd-WRKY26 gene exhibits promoter activity.The VdWRKY26 protein is localized in the cell nucleus and possesses the function of regulating malic acid accumulation in grapes.

Delayed harvesting of grapes can alter fruit quality and plays an important role in alleviating the problem of market saturation during peak seasons, as well as in regulating the supply period of grapes. In this study, by conducting a comparative analysis of fruit quality, metabolomics (aroma compounds) and transcriptome sequencing of ‘Shine Muscat’ grapes harvested at six different on-tree ripening stages after maturity, we found that: (1) delayed harvesting led to dramatic variation in berry color change (light green to yellow) with a significant increase in soluble solids (19.5 to 20.89 Brix); (2) A total of 25 volatile aroma compounds was identified in collected berry samples, while trans-2-hexenal and hexanal exhibited the highest concentrations in all samples, marking them as key volatile compounds in ‘Shine Muscat’ grapes. Notable variation in the concentrations of linalool, n-butanol, benzyl alcohol, phenylethanol, β-citronellol, and propionic anhydride were recorded in selected harvest periods. OAV analysis results show that linalool has the largest OAV among the detected compounds, and its OAV proportion increased from 53% to 95% during the six sampling periods of ‘Shine Muscat’; (3) Transcriptome sequencing of selected samples demonstrated a positive correlation between eight terpene-synthesis-related genes and linalool accumulation. Furthermore, genes within the MEP pathway (specifically VvTPS55, VvTPS59) and several transcription factors were associated with terpenoids metabolism. Based on soluble solids and OAV results, T18–T22 period (18–22 weeks post-flowering) can become good quality on-vine storge berries. The gene expression profile and developmental patterns of metabolites in MEP pathway may helpful in functional characterization of candidate genes related to terpenoid metabolism in future studies.

Grapevine (Vitis sp.) is one of the most important economic fruit crops all over the world, and the formation of adventitious roots (ARs) is crucial for the vegetative reproduction of grapes. However, studies on the regulatory mechanisms of this process are currently lacking. In this study, we applied an efficient and convenient leave-petiole (LP) system for studying ARs, revealing a significant inhibition of root primordia formation under continuous-light treatment. The results showed that isolated ARs of grapevine were induced and originated from ray cells near the vascular cambium, with the process categorized into induction, initiation, and extension stages. LP samples under light and dark conditions were used for transcriptome sequencing and endogenous hormone measurements at three critical time points of AR formation. A total of 37 155 transcripts were obtained, and 7 041 genes showed significantly different expression levels in the petiole. An integrated analysis, including Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and hormonal content determination, showed that several genes (ARF4, LAX1, PIN1, SUS2, APX1, TPXL1, CHS3, etc.) associated with hormone signals, sugar synthesis and transport, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, cell wall biogenesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, microtubule remodeling, and some transcription factors (HY5, COP1, ERF2, MYB15, etc) played vital roles in light-induced AR formation. A hypothetical model was initially constructed, which illustrated the centrality of auxin in HY5-dependent AR formation and the complex crosstalk among various factors. The results of this study provided abundant genetic resources and a novel perspective for understanding the molecular mechanisms of AR formation in grapevine.

Southern China has high temperatures and receives concentrated rainfall;therefore,the two-crop-a-year cultivation system has been applied to grape production so as to resolve the problem of relative seasonal surplus of grape yield.However,a common issue associated with this technique is the tendency of the second season fruits to be smaller than the first season fruits.We here used the first and second season fruits of'Summer Black'at different ripening stages as research materials.Phenotypic and histological analyses revealed fewer cell number occurring between 7 and 14 days post anthesis(DPA)in the second season fruits,which ultimately resulted in a smaller fruit size compared with the first season fruits.To unravel the mechanism underlying this phenomenon,first and second season fruits of four time periods(7,14,21,and 28 DPA)were selected for RNA-seq analysis.This analysis identified 10 431 differentially expressed genes(DEGs).These DEGs were classified into 9 clusters through GO and KEGG enrichment analyses.Then the time-ordered gene co-expression network(TO-GCN)analysis with the breadth-first search algorithm showed that DEGs in the GCN were divided into 8 levels.The DEGs of early berry development(L1-L3)were enriched in heat stress-and cell division-related pathways.The field investigation of effective accumulated temperature confirmed that the growth and development of the second season fruits were subjected to high temperature stress during 7-14 DPA.Moreover,based on the results of interactive analysis of TO-GCN and transcriptional regulation prediction of L1-L3 genes,we constructed a unique hierarchical regulatory network for the heat stress regulation of berry size.The expression level of 5 candidate genes was verified through qRT-PCR.Vitvi10g00469(HSFB2A),Vitvi16g00982(HSFB2A),Vitvi02g00387(HSFB2B),Vitvi15g01542(NTL9),and Vitvi06g00592(DIVARICATA)were upregu-lated in 7-14 DPA,whereas Vitvi18g00777(HSFB4)was downregulated in 7 DPA.These results suggest that during intense cell division,heat stress might act as a major factor causing a reduction in cell number,thereby ultimately resulting in the smaller size of the second season fruits.

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying primary bud necrosis (PBN) in grapevines. PBN is a physiological disorder that significantly reduces grape yields. The four varieties, 'Shine Muscat', 'Summer Black', 'Ruby Seedless', and 'Hutai 8', were investigated and found to exhibit differences in PBN, which was positively correlated with the speed and extent of inflorescence differentiation. Among them, 'Summer Black' was most susceptible to PBN. Treatment with gibberellin acid 3 (GA3) notably accelerated and exacerbated PBN in 'Summer Black', whereas the endogenous gibberellin (GA) inhibitor chlorocholine chloride (CCC) delayed or prevented PBN onset. Histological observations of dormant bud tissues revealed PBN progression in stages, starting with the expansion of cells in the necrosis zone (NZ), followed by cell wall irregularities and collapse, buckling cell layer formation, and subsequent cell separation. In the water control group, NZ mainly occurred in the bud scale layer. However, by the second week after GA3 treatment, primary buds visibly elongated, and NZ was formed at multiple locations along the primary buds. Transcriptomic analyses revealed significant regulation of stress-related genes, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heat-shock proteins (HSPs), following GA3 treatment. Genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis and signaling pathways were upregulated after week 2, whereas CCC treatment led to the downregulation of these genes. Furthermore, genes associated with cations such as calcium, iron, and copper showed significant changes across all transcriptome samples. Genes associated with the degradation of cell membranes and cell walls were upregulated in samples treated with GA3 and water control. Overall, these findings suggested that GA3 promoted PBN by enhancing JA synthesis and modulating the cell necrosis pathway via JA signaling. This process involved ROS accumulation and activation of cation pathways, leading to endomembrane and cell wall degradation, cell rupture, and, ultimately, PBN development.

Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins are considered to be essential secondary metabolites in grapes and are used to regulate metabolic processes, while miRNAs are involved in their synthesis of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins to regulate metabolic processes. The present research work was carried out to investigate the underlying regulatory mechanism of target genes in the grape cultivars ‘Italia’ and ‘Benitaka’. miRNA and transnscriptomic sequencing technology were employed to characterize both the profiles of miRNAs and the transcripts of grape peels at 10 and 11 weeks post flowering (10 wpf and 11 wpf). The results revealed that the expression level of vvi-miR828a in ‘Italia’ at 10 and 11 wpf was significantly higher than that in ‘Benitaka’. miRNA-seq analysis predicted MYBPA1 to be the target gene of vvi-miR828a. In transcriptome analysis, the expression level of the VvMYBPA1 gene in ‘Benitaka’ was significantly higher than that in ‘Italia’; in addition, the TPM values (expression levels) of VvMYBPA1 and miR828a also showed an evident negative correlation. The determination of the proanthocyanidin (PA) content in ‘Italia’ and ‘Benitaka’ peels at 11 wpf demonstrated that the PA content of ‘Benitaka’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Italia’. The outcomes of RT-qRCR analysis exhibited that the expression levels of the VdPAL, VdCHS, VdCHI, VdDFR, VdMYB5b, VdANR, and VdMYBPA1 genes related anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin pathways were reduced, while the expression levels of all of the above genes were increased after the transient expression of the VvMYBPA1 vector into grape leaves. The results of the transient overexpression experiment of vvi-miR828a before the veraison period of strawberry fruits showed that vvi-miR828a can significantly slow down the coloration of strawberries. The vvi-miR828a negatively regulates the accumulation of proanthocyanidins in grape fruits by inhibiting the expression of VvMYBPA1.

The spine grapes (Vitis davidii Foex.) are wild grape species that grow in southern China, and can be used for table grapes, juicing and winemaking. To systematically investigate the flavor profiles of spine grapes, flavonoids and volatile compounds were detected in five spine grape varieties (Seputao, Ziqiu, Miputao, Tianputao and Baiputao) using HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS and GC-MS. The content of flavonoids highly depended on the variety, such as the total concentrations of anthocyanins (91.43-328.85 mg/kg FW) and flavonols (33.90 to 83.16 mg/kg FW). The volatile compounds with higher odor active value were selected to describe the aroma of spine grapes. Hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal and (E, Z)-2,6-nonadienal contributed to the higher herbaceous flavor to Baiputao and Ziqiu. beta-Damascenone and (E)-2-nonenal gave Baiputao a flavor with more floral, fruity and earthy. Their characteristic flavor compounds were subsequently revealed using multivariate statistical analysis. The results helped producers to further develop and utilize the spine grapes.

Somatic embryogenesis is a crucial genetic transformation method in plants. Despite numerous studies being conducted for acquiring embryogenic competence in plant cells, somatic embryo (SE) induction from embryogenic cells (ECs) has attracted relatively limited research attention. In grapes, somatic cell induction is impeded by unidentified inhibitors, which hinders the progression of globular embryo (GE) formation and subsequently embryo development. We found that addition of activated charcoal (AC) to the grape SE induction medium augmented the speed, consistency, and synchronization of embryogenesis. Cell samples cultured in the induction medium with and without AC were thoroughly evaluated through histological anatomy analysis, subcellular structure observation, and comparative transcriptomic analysis. The histological observation revealed the specific timeline of SE formation. An intermediate developmental state, referred to as the globular embryo precursor (PGE), was observed during the induction of GE formation from EC. Members of transcription factor families such as WRKY, MYB, MADS, AP2/ERF, HB-KNOX, HB-HD-ZIP, HB-WOX, NAC, and GRF were identified in the early and middle stages of GE formation. Additionally, we explored the key roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-, starch-, cell wall-, and hormone-related genes. The cell wall-related genes were highly enriched in differentially expressed gene sets. Several amyloplasts in EC disappeared, potentially because of hydrolysis, and numerous mitochondria were observed. In AC-added samples, starch was consumed more, and cellulose hydrolysis-related genes were downregulated, whereas cellulose synthesis-related genes had higher expression than AC-free samples. ROS response-related genes were induced when GE induction was initiated. When applied, an optimal concentration of external H2O2 promoted SE initiation in grapes, whereas a high concentration caused delayed GE formation. This study suggests that, by absorbing and releasing substances, the added AC can create a stable buffer environment for cell survival, protect against excessive ROS- or inhibitor-induced cell damage, and support uninterrupted progress of somatic embryogenesis.

为了适应新农科背景下社会对园艺专业人才的需求,增强省属农业大学园艺专业人才的竞争力,湖南农业大学园艺学院根据产业发展、社会需求和学生个性发展等情况,对园艺专业的人才培养方案分别从明确人才培养目标、构建人才培养体系、优化课程体系等方面进行了修订和优化,实施人才分类培养.新的人才培养方案具有强化基础课、提前学习专业课、增强专业认同感和引导学生个性成才等特色.

为研究不同时期主梢修剪对"夏黑"葡萄二次结果的生长习性以及果实品质的影响,探索适宜湖南地区的二次结果技术,以9年生"夏黑"葡萄为试验材料,设置常规栽培和延后栽培处理,延后栽培是在1年生枝条去除一次花后,对"夏黑"葡萄在不同时期对主梢第6节位修剪促顶端冬芽萌发进行二次结果,观测物候期和生长习性,测定成熟期的果实品质.结果表明,"夏黑"葡萄在4月30日、5月30日、6月30日修剪促萌的二次果均能正常成熟,成功将"夏黑"成熟期延后至11月上旬.3个熟期的二次果在萌芽率、结果系数方面差异不大,均能整齐萌芽,但6月30日修剪的二次果在结果枝率方面显著低于其他两个处理,且主芽坏死严重,无法达到生产要求.3个熟期的二次果的果实品质虽略差于一次果,但二次果在果实硬度、果梗拉力、还原糖和糖酸比等方面优于一次果,且可滴定酸低于一次果,二次果的口感和风味较好,在一定程度上达到商品性要求.随着修剪时期往后推移果皮转色越快,着色越深.5月30日对"夏黑"葡萄主梢进行修剪生产的二次果综合性状最优,研究结果对湖南地区二次果的果粒增大、产量和品质提升提供了一定的理论指导.

南方地区葡萄栽培面积约为266667万m2,其中"阳光玫瑰"葡萄近年发展迅速,已经成为全国的主栽葡萄品种.在湖南地区,通过错季熟期调控技术,对"阳光玫瑰"进行秋延后或二次果栽培,使优良果产值达到1500kg·667m-2以上,可以实现果实在11月—第2年1月错峰上市,减少了7—8月集中上市的销售压力,同时可提高葡萄价格,增加果农收入.本文主要从土壤管理、肥料的施用与水分管理等方面,分述了"阳光玫瑰"的秋延后二次果的技术,以期为广大中部地区、相近南北纬度的国内外葡萄种植户提供技术参考.

我国南方地区阳光玫瑰葡萄主要在8—9月集中上市,短期内供大于求造成价格偏低.在湖南地区,通过熟期调控技术对阳光玫瑰葡萄进行秋延后栽培,实现错峰上市,有利于增加果农收入.病虫害发生严重是阳光玫瑰葡萄秋延后栽培的重要限制因子,同一葡萄园区往往同时暴发多种病虫害,导致减产及品质下降相当严重.研究病虫害综合防治技术是葡萄生产上的迫切需要.本文主要根据物候期介绍了秋延后阳光玫瑰葡萄病虫害防控技术,以期为广大葡萄种植户提供参考.

以5年生刺葡萄为材料,采用基质栽培,研究了不同施钾水平对刺葡萄果实可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物含量及糖代谢相关酶活性的影响.结果表明:与不施钾肥相比,增施钾肥能显著提高刺葡萄果实中可溶性固形物及各糖组分含量,降低果实中酒石酸、苹果酸和柠檬酸含量.其中,施钾量540 g/株处理的可溶性糖含量最高,说明适量施钾有利于促进刺葡萄果实中糖分的积累.同时,施钾显著提高了刺葡萄果实发育早期酸性转化酶和蔗糖合成酶的活性,对中性转化酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶影响较小,施钾量540 g/株处理各时期代谢酶的活性最强,说明适量施钾提高了刺葡萄果实发育过程中各有关代谢酶活性,促讲了果实中果糖和葡萄糖的积累.

Primary bud necrosis of grape buds is a physiological disorder that leads to decreased berry yield and has a catastrophic impact on the double cropping system in sub-tropical areas. The pathogenic mechanisms and potential solutions remain unknown. In this study, the progression and irreversibility patterns of primary bud necrosis in 'Summer Black' were examined via staining and transmission electron microscopy observation. Primary bud necrosis was initiated at 60 days after bud break and was characterized by plasmolysis, mitochondrial swelling, and severe damage to other organelles. To reveal the underlying regulatory networks, winter buds were collected during primary bud necrosis progression for integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent signaling cascades disrupted the regulation systems for cellular protein quality. ROS cascade reactions were related to mitochondrial stress that can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation causing damage to membrane structure, and endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to misfolded protein aggregates. All these factors ultimately resulted in primary bud necrosis. Visible tissue browning was associated with the oxidation and decreased levels of flavonoids during primary bud necrosis, while the products of polyunsaturated fatty acids and stilbenes exhibited an increasing trend, leading to a shift in carbon flow from flavonoids to stilbene. Increased ethylene may be closely related to primary bud necrosis, while auxin accelerated cell growth and alleviated necrosis by co-chaperone VvP23-regulated redistribution of auxin in meristem cells. Altogether, this study provides important clues for further study on primary bud necrosis.