Neuropeptides regulate diverse physiological and behavioural processes in parasites, yet their functional roles in the infective larval stages of Schistosoma mansoni remain poorly defined. In this study, we identified miracidia-derived putative neuropeptides and examined their roles in regulating miracidial behaviour. Peptidomic analysis revealed ten putative neuropeptides, including five whose proteomic identification in this life stage was previously unreported. Neuropeptide precursor proteins were evaluated for stage-specific expression and Schistosoma genus specificity to prioritise candidates with potential functional and biocontrol relevance. Protein-protein interaction analysis identified Smp_176700 as a highly connected neuropeptide precursor associated with proteins implicated in miracidial structure and infection. Eight putative neuropeptides derived from six precursor proteins were synthesised and externally applied to miracidia in acute (1 min) and prolonged (360 min) behavioural assays. During acute exposure, most peptides induced significant concentration-dependent behavioural changes at 3 mg/mL and 0.1 mg/mL, characterised by reduced swimming velocity and increased directional change, with no significant effects at 0.01 mg/mL. Prolonged exposure revealed peptide-specific effects, with ASLSYF-OH and FLLGLPPSLRQH-OH producing the most pronounced behavioural modulation. These findings demonstrate that S. mansoni miracidia express bioactive neuropeptides capable of modulating larval behaviour, providing insight into schistosome neurobiology and identifying potential targets for transmission-blocking interventions.

Guided by Lasswell’s 5W communication model, this paper analyzed the English translation process of MOOC subtitles of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnostics. From the five aspects of the subject,content, approach, audience and effect of translation, it systematically analyzed the various elements that affect the English translation of the MOOC subtitles of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）, discussed the requirements of the various elements of communication on the translation of the subtitles, and summarized the corresponding translation strategies with specific cases to provide new research ideas for the English translation of the MOOC subtitles. Only by breaking through the language barrier can the knowledge and culture of TCM be better disseminated.

Objective: To explore the value of ear morphological inspection in identifying the nine constitutions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by analyzing the correlation between these two research objects. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was employed. The participants' ear morphology was determined using the Ear Morphology Inspection Information Evaluation Form, while constitution was assessed using the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire. Data were statistically analyzed, and one-way and multi-factor logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: Among 888 participants, 270 (30.41%) had a balanced constitution, and 618 (69.59%) had different biased constitution types. The analysis revealed that thick auricles (P < .05) and a moderately sized left earlobe (P = .010) were protective factors, while obtuse earlobes (P < .05) were risk factor for balanced constitution. Auricles close to the temple (P < .05) was a protective factor, while no Frank's sign in earlobes (P < .05) and obtuse earlobes (P < .05) were risk factors for qi-deficiency constitution. Clear structure of the helix (P < .05), no Frank's sign (P < .05), and a visible half left helix (P = .024) were risk factors, while auricles close to the temple (P < .05) and a triangular right ear apex (P = .029) were protective factors for phlegm-dampness constitution. No Frank's sign (P < .05) and moderate tragus shape (P < .05) were risk factors for qi stagnation constitution. Triangular ear apexes (P < .05), a left auricle close to the temple (P = .002), and moderate position of auricles (upper edge of the auricle levels with the top of eyebrows, P < .05) were protective factors for qi stagnation constitution. Conclusion: A correlation between ear morphology and TCM constitutions may exist. Ear morphology may be used as reference values for the identification of TCM constitutions.

卫气虚证为临床常见证候,在实际应用中存在着内涵与外延界定不清晰的现象.通过收集卫气虚证、肺卫气虚证的相关文献,对其诊断依据及临床表现等信息进行提取,分析卫气虚证的应用现状,梳理卫气的概念、功能及其与脏腑之间的关系,明确了卫气虚证的内涵即是因卫气亏虚致其护卫肌表,抗御外邪,温煦皮肤、腠理、肌肉及司汗孔开阖功能的失调,并伴有气虚表现的一种证候类型.认为未来可从证候要素的角度入手,围绕卫气功能失调及气虚两个维度来建立卫气虚证诊断标准,以期促进证候研究的规范化、标准化.

目的 探讨五态人格与卡特尔16种人格因素的关系,验证五态人格测验的科学性和有效性.方法 运用五态人格测验表和卡特尔16种人格因素问卷(16PF)对2020年11月至2021年1月在北京中医药大学招募的913例在校生的人格进行测评.比较研究对象与全国常模五态人格得分及研究对象不同性别五态人格得分;采用建立结构方程模型的方法,使用比较拟合指数(CFI)、塔克-刘易斯指数(TLI)、近似均方根误差(RMSEA)考察模型的拟合情况,并以五态人格(太阳、少阳、阴阳和平、太阴、少阴)分别作为结果变量,以16PF各因子为预测变量,依据标准化的参数估计结果,探索五态人格与16PF各因子的关系.结果 共招募到在校生913名,最终获得有效样本756名.756名在校生五态人格太阳、少阳、太阴得分显著低于全国常模,阴阳和平得分显著高于全国常模(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);男性在太阳、少阳、阴阳和平、少阴维度得分显著高于女性(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).五态人格各维度与16PF的关系:模型拟合结果中CFI、TLI值分别为0.993、0.980,RMSEA值为0.027,模型拟合较好.16PF因子恃强性、敢为性、怀疑性、有恒性、紧张性和稳定性正向预测太阳人格因素,世故性和忧虑性负向预测太阳人格因素(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);兴奋性、敢为性、恃强性和紧张性正向预测少阳人格因素,有恒性、忧虑性和世故性负向预测少阳人格因素(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);自律性、有恒性、稳定性和独立性正向预测阴阳和平人格因素,忧虑性负向预测阴阳和平人格因素(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);自律性、稳定性、独立性、有恒性和怀疑性正向预测少阴人格因素,恃强性、敢为性和兴奋性负向预测少阴人格因素(P＜0.01);忧虑性、紧张性、怀疑性和独立性正向预测太阴人格因素,敢为性、有恒性和聪慧性负向预测太阴人格因素(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 五态人格测验与16PF存在显著的相关性,16PF因素可预测五态人格因子,五态人格测验具有科学性和有效性.

We report on a GaSb-based superluminescent diode optimized for high-power broadband operation around a wavelength of 2 μm. The high optical power was achieved by the high-quality epitaxial InGaSb/AlGaAsSb type-I quantum well gain material, which was processed into a double-pass amplification configuration. To prevent lasing at high current injection while enabling strong amplified spontaneous emission, a cascade cavity suppression waveguide geometry was designed to connect the vertical rear facet with the reflectivity-suppressed angled front facet. A Ta2O5/SiO2 ultra-low antireflection coating with a minimum reflectivity of 0.04% was applied to the front facet for further cavity suppression. This combination allowed the superluminescent diodes to demonstrate a record high single-transverse-mode output power of up to 152 mW under continuous-wave operation at room temperature, with a broad spectral band of 42 nm full width at half maximum. A 25% promotion in optical power has been realized compared to current state-of-the-art devices in this wavelength range, without sacrificing spectral bandwidth. The high-power spectral density characteristics, along with a good beam quality, are well suited for absorption spectroscopy applications and hybrid integration with silicon technology.

In the field of physiognomy in later generations, five-element constitution, the most comprehensive and systematic classification method of constitution in Huangdi Neijing, is included in the category of observing external characteristics of human beings to identify their situation by ancient physiognomists, which made it develop to a certain extent.Therefore, this paper intends to study the cognitive characteristics of five-element constitution in physiognomy, and summarize its content from five aspects: it is from the image to the form, and unity of form and spirit; the whole is class, and the division is order;inspection mainly, and refer to other diagnostic methods; it is from the outside to the inside, and it relates health; constitution of human beings exist side by side, and it’s easy to apply. The purpose is to explore the potential value of five-element constitution described in physiognomy to enrich the understanding of five-element constitution in Huangdi Neijing, and provide some reference for further guiding the identification and application of five-element constitution.

We propose a novel graded AlGaAsSb layer growth method to achieve a super-linear interface by precisely controlling the cell temperature and valve position. Atomically smooth surface and lattice-matched epitaxy was confirmed by AFM and the HRXRD characterization of the graded AlGaAsSb layer sample. With the inserted graded layer between the cladding and waveguide layers, high-power, high-efficiency GaSb-based laser emitters and laser bars were confirmed. The linearly graded interface layer smooths the potential barrier peak between the cladding and waveguide layers, which resulted in a low turn-on voltage of 0.65 V and an ultra-low series resistance of 0.144 Ω. A maximum continuous-wave output power of 1.8 W was obtained with a high power conversion efficiency of 28% at 1.1 A and 12% at 8 A. A facet-coated laser bar was also fabricated with a record-high CW output power of 18 W. A high internal quantum efficiency of 83 was maintained at 40 °C, implying improved carrier injection efficiency, which benefits from the built-in electric field of the composition-graded AlGaAsSb layer.

The nervous system of the Asteroidea (starfish or seastar) consists of radial nerve cords (RNCs) that interconnect with a ring nerve. Despite its relative simplicity, it facilitates the movement of multiple arms and numerous tube feet, as well as regeneration of damaged limbs. Here, we investigated the RNC ultrastructure and its molecular components within the of Pacific crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS; Acanthaster sp.), a well-known coral predator that in high-density outbreaks has major ecological impacts on coral reefs. We describe the presence of an array of unique small bulbous bulbs (40-100 mu m diameter) that project from the ectoneural region of the adult RNC. Each comprise large secretory-like cells and prominent cilia. In contrast, juvenile COTS and its congener Acanthaster brevispinus lack these features, both of which are non-corallivorous. Proteomic analysis of the RNC (and isolated neural bulbs) provides the first comprehensive echinoderm protein database for neural tissue, including numerous secreted proteins associated with signalling, transport and defence. The neural bulbs contained several neuropeptides (e.g., bombyxin-type, starfish myorelaxant peptide, secretogranin 7B2-like, Ap15a-like, and ApNp35) and Deleted in Malignant Brain Tumor 1-like proteins. In summary, this study provides a new insight into the novel traits of COTS, a major pest on coral reefs, and a proteomics resource that can be used to develop (bio)control strategies and understand molecular mechanisms of regeneration.

Here we report 1.3 μm electrical injection lasers based on InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) grown on a GaAs substrate, which can steadily work at 110 °C without visible degradation. The QD structure is designed by applying the Stranski–Krastanow growth mode in solid source molecular beam epitaxy. The density of InAs QDs in the active region is increased from 3.8 × 1010 cm−2 to 5.9 × 1010 cm−2. As regards laser performance, the maximum output power of devices with low-density QDs as the active region is 65 mW at room temperature, and that of devices with the high-density QDs is 103 mW. Meanwhile the output power of high-density devices is 131 mW under an injection current of 4 A at 110 °C.

The symptom responses related to cold and heat at the initial stage of exterior pathogenic factor attack have been greatly appreciated by doctors of all dynasties. The cold-related symptoms mainly include Wu Han（aversion to cold）, Wei Han（fear of cold）, Wu Feng（aversion to wind）, and Han Zhan（chills）, with aversion to cold/wind most commonly seen at the initial stage of wind-cold attack. While some of those cold-related symptoms are vague and inconsistent in terms of connotation and clinical significance in various TCM Diagnostics textbooks, and they are not consistently applied in various TCM clinical textbooks. In order to clarify the connotation and clinical significance of those cold-related symptoms seen at the initial stage of wind-cold attack, an analysis is carried out in this paper by integrating ideas from both ancient and modern books and papers.On basis of that, the following ideas are confirmed: ‘Aversion to cold’ has been used as a symptom generally referring to ‘fear of cold’, and it’s only clearly differentiated from the symptom of ‘intolerance of cold’ until modern TCM Diagnostics textbooks.Other symptoms and factors should be taken into consideration in the clinical differentiation of these two symptoms. Besides, the clinical significance of ‘aversion to cold’ should not be limited to its correlation to exterior patterns. The main pathogenesis of ‘aversion to wind’ should be viewed as exterior deficiency instead of being similar to that of ‘aversion to cold’. Accordingly, the clinical manifestation of ‘aversion to wind’ is the discomfort when exposed to wind, and this symptom could coexist with ‘aversion to cold’. With such a differentiation and analysis, we hope to clarify the connation and significance of cold-related symptoms in TCM Diagnostics and provide references for their standardized usage.

目的 探索和发现红外热成像技术在中医领域应用的研究热点与趋势.方法 检索中国知网、万方、维普数据库自建库至2022 年9 月30 日期间所有红外热成像技术在中医应用的相关文献,运用CiteSpace软件进行机构、作者共现分析,关键词共现分析和聚类分析,并绘制知识图谱.结果 最终纳入767 篇文献.年发文量呈明显上升趋势,针灸学科杂志发文较多,研究者多为中医院校或科学院人员,合作相对不足.关键词共现聚类网络由933 个节点、1728 条连线组成,被划分为 18 个聚类,由聚类标签可知研究聚焦于针刺、阳虚质、足三里、腧穴、经络、辨证等.结论 红外热成像技术在中医领域具有较好的应用价值与发展前景.研究热点是经络腧穴与针灸、推拿治疗,疾病、证候的辅助诊断,中医体质研究.在未来应制定和完善相关标准,推进临床研究,加强跨学科与多元化研究.

审察饮食情况是疾病诊治过程中的一项重要内容,饮食症状在《金匮要略》中有丰富的体现,但迄今对其相关术语的研究甚少.该研究梳理统计书中饮食症状核心术语及相关词组61个,发现表述近似词语较多,同时存在术语表述模糊或内涵不清、一词多义等现象.从厘清术语内涵的基础上,选取李照国、魏迺杰译本探讨术语英译,通过对比分析发现其英译存在词不达意、误译、译文冗长等问题.该研究通过举例分析了以上主要问题,提出无论是在临床使用中还是中医翻译工作中,都应准确把握术语内涵.该研究旨在为中医术语规范化研究、中医典籍英译研究提供参考.

Objective:To discuss the molecular association pattern of Shenling Baizhu Powder for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and ulcerative colitis through network pharmacology method based on the theory of "treating different diseases with same method" in TCM.Methods:The TCMSP and ETCM Chinese medicine chemical composition databases were used to obtain the chemical composition and predict the targets of Shenling Baizhu Powder. The OMIM, GeneCards, DrugBank and TTD disease databases were used to obtain the disease targets of T2DM and ulcerative colitis. The intersection targets of chemical composition of Shenling Baizhu Powder, T2DM and ulcerative colitis were obtained by Bioinformatics platform. Cytoscape 3.8.2 software was used to map the "Chinese materia medica-component-target" network and "effective component- intersection target" network. The GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis of the intersection targets were performed with the STRING platform. The intersection target protein-protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database, and core targets were obtained using the CytoNCA plugin of Cytoscape 3.8.2 software. AutodockTools software was applied to validate the molecular docking between the core chemical components and the core targets of Shenling Baizhu Powder.Results:Totally 176 chemical components of Shenling Baizhu Powder, 226 corresponding targets, 11 478 T2DM targets, 4 857 Ulcerative targets of ulcerative colitis, and 162 intersection targets of medicinal chemistry components and diseases were obtained. 1 789 related biological processes, 163 molecular functions, 92 cell constituents, and 192 signaling pathways were obtained by GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. The signaling pathways were mainly about AGE-RAGE, TNF, IL-17,MAPK, PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, etc. The core components of Shenling Baizhu Powder were mainly sitosterol, luteolin, kaempferol, naringenin, beta-carotene, etc. The core targets were EGFR, ALB, IL1B, CASP3, ESR1, VEGFA, PTGS2, TNF, IL6, MYC, AKT 1, JUN, TP53, etc. The core chemical components had tight correlation with the core targets by the molecular docking.Conclusions:By acting on core targets such as TNF, IL1B, IL6, AKT1, VRGFA, PTGS2, MYC, JUN, TP53, and regulating IL-17 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, etc., Shenling Baizhu Powder improves tissue inflammation damage, mucosal barrier damage, immune regulation imbalance, intestinal flora dysbiosis, insulin resistance, apoptosis, oxidative stress and other biological processes. Therefore Shenling Baizhu Powder can treat T2DM and ulcerative colitis with the same method.

本文基于对《饮膳正要》首个英译本的研究,思考民族医药典籍翻译的问题与困境,探索民族医药典籍翻译的对策.通过对该书的书名、医理、中医术语、名物、民族特色膳食名称、养生观念及饮食禁忌英译的分析得到诸多启示,提出民族医药典籍的翻译中,译者应努力跨越语言与文化的鸿沟、忠实原作、秉承弘扬民族性原则、灵活融合多种翻译策略与方法,在保持民族医药文化特色的基础上,准确、恰当地翻译,以助推中医文化的对外传播.

针灸在美国的合法化以及医疗保险制度的完善促使赴美针灸师的数量急速增长.同时,初到美国的针灸师执业过程中的安全问题及面临的潜在的法律风险也浮出水面.通过对相关法律法规的研究和美国针灸资深人士访谈内容的整理,总结出赴美中医师在执业过程中需要加以注意的事项.如缺乏对患者权利的充分认识无意中造成对患者隐私的侵犯;没有给予患者诊前必要的告知和提示,让其享有对治疗方案的知情权和自我决策权;超出执业所在州的法律规定的执业范围,不重视诊前对非针灸适应证的排查,缺乏危机事件中的应急管理经验,以及非常规医疗环境中的风险防范意识等.提示针灸师严格遵守相应的法律和职业道德规范,以确保安全执业,降低职业风险.

五行体质是《黄帝内经》中较为全面且系统的体质分类方法,现代研究从身体和心理两个维度对五行体质辨识内容进行了丰富.身体维度主要涉及望诊、闻诊和切诊方面,心理维度主要是融入现代心理学的相关知识并结合阴阳理论对五行体质的心理特征进行重新诠释.现代研究主要采用文献整理与分析、问卷或量表调研、个人经验总结及客观量化研究等方法发掘五行体质的内涵与价值.针对五行体质的研究现状,认为当前需建立统一、规范的五行体质辨识标准,开拓其在现代医学与非医学领域的应用空间,并借助客观量化研究方法,采用现代人工智能与大数据技术构建五行体质辨识模型及系统,进一步发掘五行体质在治未病领域的应用价值.

中医诊断学是中医学专业的基础课,是联系中医基础理论与临床各科之间的桥梁课,是中医学专业课程体系中的一门主干课程.中医诊断学的重点内容为四诊和辨证,而脏腑辨证是中医诊断学教材辨证部分的核心内容,是教师讲授和学生学习的重点内容.虽然中医诊断学教材经历了多版的修订与完善,但目前常用的中医诊断学教材关于脏腑辨证部分有证候名称欠规范,证候临床表现部分内容的表述还存在界定不清、前后重复等问题.文章列举了脏腑辨证中证候名称不规范及临床表现表述不妥的证候和规范化建议,以供同道教学及编写教材作为参考.

Objective:To initially explore traditional Chinese medicine patterns in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model.Methods:Thirty-six C57 BL/6 mice were divided by the random number table method（with 12 rats per group） into three groups:a blank group,a model group,and a number 2 Feibi recipe（FBR-2） group.The pulmonary fibrosis mouse model was established by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin.The FBR-2 group was treated with FBR-2 for 4 weeks.Symptoms in the mice such as mental behavior,food/water intake,body weight,body temperature,respiratory rate,and tongue image were observed.The samples were collected on the 14 th day and 28 th day after modeling,and lung tissues were visually assessed and microscopically evaluated by staining with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson.The expression levels of hydroxyproline,interleukin（IL）-33,IL-37,tissue plasminogen activator,and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Mice in the model group were poor in spirit,less active,slow in response,showed reduced food/water intake,body temperature,and body weight,increased respiratory rate,and their tongue color had changed from light red to dark red.However,treatment with FBR-2 significantly improved these symptoms.Extensive inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber deposition were observed in the lung tissues of the model group.Compared with the blank group,the levels of hydroxyproline,IL-33,and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in the model group significantly increased（all P ＜.05）,whereas that of tissue plasminogen activator significantly decreased on the 14 th day and 28 th day（P=.036 and P=.005,respectively）.Moreover,FBR-2 improved lung inflammation and fibrinolysis imbalance and reduced collagen fiber deposition.Conclusion:To some extent,our bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model exhibited traditional Chinese medicine patterns of qi deficiency,blood stasis,and heat retention.