This paper presents a Lagrangian based solution algorithm for the network design problem in a build-to-order (BTO) supply chain. The problem is to determine where to locate the distribution centers and to which distribution center or plant the retailers are assigned. The demand is assumed to be lead-time-dependent, and the balance between lead time and logistics costs is considered. Integer programming models are developed to formulate the problem. As it is difficult to obtain precisely optimal solution to this kind of problems, a Lagrangian based solution algorithm is developed to obtain near optimal solution. Problems involving hundreds of distribution centers and retailers are used to test the algorithm. Computational results show that the Lagrangian based algorithm can present very good solutions to all the examples in short CPU time. Scenario analyses and some managerial insights are reported.

The concept of Society Design Engineering is proposed as an engineering method to solve social problems and the framework for designing society is developed,which consists of five elements.The relationship of the elements is analyzed.Based on the framework,the formally description for the solution of society problem is presented.Through the analysis of the properties of society design problem,it seems that society design problems may not be solved by using approaches such as game theory or operations research.It may be solved using Society Design Engineering.

A closed loop system is investigated, in which the manufacturer has two channels to satisfy the demand: manufacturing brand-new products and remanufacturing returns into as-new products. Remanufactured products have no difference from brand-new products and can be sold in the same market at the same price. The demand is uncertain and sensitive to the selling price, while the return is also stochastic and sensitive to the acquisition price of used products. A mathematical model is developed to maximize the overall profit of the system by simultaneously determining the selling price, the production quantities for brand-new products and remanufactured products, and the acquisition price of used products. Some properties of the problem are analyzed, based on which a solution procedure is presented. Through a numerical example, the impacts of the uncertainties of both demand and return on the production plan, selling price, and the acquisition price of used products are analyzed.

A coordination decision-making method is proposed based on dynamic Bayesian network(DBN) and blackboard mechanism for complex decision-making problem in information war.In the background of the radar target discrimination problem,the quantitative ratiocination capability of DBN and the qualitative ratiocination capability by integrating wisdoms of heterogeneous experts of blackboard mechanism are integrated to propose Bayesian blackboard mechanism.Then the effectiveness of this method is proved by theory analysis,and a simulation experiment is implemented to show that the method can markedly improve the correct rate.

In this paper, the joint production and recycling problem is investigated for a hybrid manufacturing and remanufacturing system where brand-new products are produced in the manufacturing plant and recycled products are remanufactured into as-new products in the remanufacturing facility. Both the brand-new products and remanufactured products are used to satisfy customer demands. Returns of used products that are recycled from customers are assumed to be stochastic and nonlinearly price-dependent. A mathematical model is proposed to maximize the overall profit of the system through simultaneously optimizing the production and recycling decisions, subject to two capacity constraints — the manufacturing capacity and the remanufacturing capacity. Based on Lagrangian relaxation method, subgradient algorithm and heuristic algorithm, a solution approach is developed to solve the problem. A representative example is presented to illustrate the system, and managerial analysis indicates that the uncertainties in demand and return have much influence on the production and recycling policy. In addition, twenty randomly produced examples are solved, and computational results show that the solution approach can obtain very good solutions for all examples in reasonable time.

We present an extension to the multi-product newsvendor problem by incorporating the retailer’s pricing decision as well as considering supplier quantity discount. The objective is to maximize the expected profit of the retailer through jointly determining the ordering quantities and selling prices for the products, subject to multiple capacity constraints. We formulate the problem as a Generalized Disjunctive Programming (GDP) model and develop a Lagrangian heuristic approach for its solution. Randomly produced instances involving up to 1000 products are used to test the proposed approach. Computational results show that the Lagrangian heuristic approach can present very good solutions to all instances in reasonable time.

War Design Engineering is a method of analyzing and designing war system that faces war complexity. Aimed at the demand of antagonism seminar among heterogeneous experts in War Design Engineering, we explored the relationship between dynamic Bayesian network and Blackboard mechanism. Then we integrated the quantitative ratiocination capability of dynamic Bayesian network and the qualitative ratiocination capability by integrating intelligence of heterogeneous experts of Blackboard mechanism to propose a debate method which is called Dynamic Bayesian Blackboard. Finally, an example was given to illuminate that experts could analyze and design war system based on the seminar method.

Based on analyzing the characteristics of material requirements, this paper puts forward the main challenge for material requirements development. The challenge is that there is no exactly future battle modality, but we have to predict battle modality in the future. Aimed at the above problem, a requirements development mechanism driven by a military mission, under a scenario of the future war, by the antagonism seminar of experts belonging to different realms is presented. Finally, material requirements development method based on Seminar Game of War Design Engineering is proposed.

Designing storage systems to provide high availability in the face of failures needs the use of various data protection techniques, such as dual-controller RAID. The failure of controller may cause data inconsistencies of RAID storage system. Heartbeat is used to detect controllers whether survival. So, the heartbeat cycle's impact on the high availability of a dual-controller hot-standby system has become the key of current research. To address the problem of fixed setting heartbeat in building high availability system currently, an adaptive heartbeat fault detection model of dual controller, which can adjust heartbeat cycle based on the frequency of data read-write request, is designed to improve the high availability of dual-controller RAID storage system. Additionally, this heartbeat mechanism can be used for other applications in distributed settings such as detecting node failures, performance monitoring, and query optimization. Based on this model, the high availability stochastic Petri net model of fault detection was established and used to evaluate the effect of the availability. In addition, we define a AHA (Adaptive Heart Ability) parameter to scale the ability of system heartbeat cycle to adapt to the environment which is changing. The results show that, relatively speaking with fixed configuration, the design is valid and effective, and can enhance dual controller RAID system high availability.

Considering the characteristics of autonomous operation cooperatively for distributed satellites system(DSS)in future,the task optimal allocation architecture model for DSS based on negotiation was put forward by analyzing and describing the problem of task allocation for DSS.Based on it,the concept of task coalition was defined and the task allocation was described as a set-covering problem by set-covering theory.Consequently,with the principle of lowest general energy-consumption for completing task,a greedy heuristic algorithm for task allocation was proposed,which conformed to the contract net protocol and limited the number of bidding sub-tasks.At same time,the convergence and supremum of the algorithm were proved,and the asymptotic time complexity was analyzed.At last,a simple example was give.With the property of the distributed calculation and quick reduction of the search space,the algorithm is suitable for task distributed problem solving for small and middle scale problem of task allocation.

War Design Engineering is the methods to design the future Warfare,and it should integrating five kinds of realm experts' wisdom.It is the base to analyze the actions that the realm expert execute in every phase during designing the future war.The Realm-Expert component of War Design Engineering(WDE) is first analysed and then the flow of WDE and the task in every phases is given.Based on this discuss,the task-decomposition method of multi-hiberarchy is present,and this method is used to construct the Action-Set of every realm experts in each phases.

Grid is one of the currently and most actively developing concepts in the IT community, which nodes can dynamically enter and quit system. So, there are some real problems about nodes membership management in grid environments, especially, when considering asynchronous wide-area networks conditions, where messages may be delayed indefinitely and nodes may fail. Heartbeat detection is one of basic blocks to construct a reliable Grid system. Aim at the highly dynamic characteristics of grid system, a novel heartbeat detection method is designed to solve the Consensus problem and node management according to network changing. The results show that, on the basis of the algorithm implementation failure detector has better performance. Compared to other failure detector, ours is much efficient and dependable.

The paper adopts the network model for modeling the large-scale network storage system,and establishes the basic indicators for describing the data access invulnerability according to the relationship of network storage service.Then,the paper researches on the statistical characteristics of the large-scale network storage system from physical and logical topology way,and analyzes the data access invulnerability of the network model basing on the above characteristics.Finally,the paper discusses the data access invulnerability evaluation method of the network model,and designs different types of data access invulnerability measures with validity demonstration.

This paper deals with the collaborative campaign of pair-warships, whose decision-making process is described. Considering behavior and cognition factors of decision-makers, the mathematical model of two-decision-maker decision-making process with superior-subordinate relationship is constructed subsequently. Based on this issue collaborative decision-making consistency and its measurement are defined, and then the experimental environment of collaborative decision-making consistency is conceived, through which we can analyze the factors that influence the collaborative decision-making consistency. The mathematical model of two-decision-maker is extended to a more commonly form, the applicability of the model and the relations between influence factors are further discussed lastly.

Based on the concept of Open Complex System, the paper analyzes three causes of system complexity: system structure, combination exploding and human intervention. And then the paper pointes out that "un-repeatability" is a core characteristic of Complex Giant System(CGS). Applying the system dynamics to complexity research, the paper constructes a theoretic framework for studying the large scale complex system. The framework proposes the rules of assigning and co-operating the use of qualitative and quantitative analysis. And the paper studies the application of the framework to the large scale antagonism complex system.

Based on the analysis of the current research on the complex system theory,we point out that artificially intervening is the most important factor that makes the system complex and that the un-repeatability is a core characteristic of Complex Giant System(CGS).Taking the CGS participated in by human being as a key research object,and using the system dynamics, we construct a theoretic framework for studying the large scale complex system,in which we propose the rules of assigning and co-operating the use of qualitative and quantitative analysis,and study the application of the framework to the large scale antagonism complex system.

How to study the organization structure affected the last decision making of organization was one of the most difficult problems in the management science. This paper was to indicate that how to affect two important decision making, which are the group decision making and the collaboration decision making, through their structure. This was working theory which was based on the idea of complexity such as decision making process, mechanisms and approaches. And then, the some regulation models were established by a case about the command control decision making design, and some approaches of optimization solution were given. Lastly, compared with the effects which two decision making structure modes impacted last decision making was. As a result, the effect of the collaboration decision making was more complex than that of the group decision making.

In view of the characteristics of P2P storage,a novel Erasure Code based segmented file P2P storage strategy is designed,and the Chord protocol based P2P storage structure is constructed.The effective file storage,access and update function of the novel strategy overcome the deficiencies of the traditional Erasure Code P2P storage strategy,enabling the stored file to have a certain data revision capability and structure expansion-contraction capability.Theoretical analysis and experimental simulation verify that the novel strategy has reasonable feasibility and effectiveness.