粤港澳大湾区建设背景下,广深产业转移促进了周边地区新产业的聚集与结构转型,推动就业规模扩大与结构优化,形成了明显的技术溢出与创新效应.广深产业转移是市场、政策、地理临近等因素综合作用的结果,呈现出"市场驱动+政策引导"、地缘性转移、技术密集型企业增加、头部型和平台型企业引领转移的作用增大的趋势.为进一步发挥广深中心城市的辐射带动作用,应提升产业创新能力与竞争力,优化产业转移政策环境,建立健全地方协作机制,优化区域产业协同发展模式,进一步推动大湾区区域协作发展.

The renewal of collective industrial land with the transformation of village industrial park as the main object is an important force for the development of stock land and the transformation of urban economy.Based on the logical model evaluation framework,a four-dimension evaluation conceptual model of resource input-action response-outcome output-comprehensive benefit was constructed.Qualitative analysis was adopted to evaluate the overall effectiveness of village level industrial park renewal by comprehensively using departmental statistical data,liter-ature and field research data.Based on the evaluation conclusion,policy recommendations are proposed as follows.In order to promote the transformation of village-level industrial parks to achieve high-quality development,investment channels should be expanded,long-term overall planning should be strengthened,precise investment should be implemented,governance mechanisms should be innovated,and disordered com-petition should be restrained by policy guidance.

我国已进入了存量规划时代,研究文化创意导向的工业用地更新不仅有利于合理配置土地资源,对产业结构调整也具有重要意义.文章以广州市旧工厂改造而来的文化创意产业园为研究对象,引入场景理论,综合运用核密度分析、不平衡指数和多分类Logistic模型等方法,探究广州市工业用地更新空间特征与影响因素.结果表明,工业发展起源较早的区域工业遗产丰富,导致旧工厂文创园空间分布格局不均匀,呈现明显的集聚特征;回归结果显示除了地理位置、市场和运营成本等传统区位理论所强调的外部环境因素,人才、文化活动、文化价值观等内部场景特征的差异化也对工业用地更新产生显著影响,揭示了场景特征对产业发展和用地转型的内在动力机制.

工业用地供应管理是土地科学研究的热点问题之一.从制度分析的视角探讨高新区工业用地供应问题不仅有助于完善中国特色的工业用地供应管理理论,而且对于快速城市化背景下工业用地供应管理策略的制定也具有重要的现实意义.本文对广东省清远市高新区工业用地供应与利用状况、工业用地供应的管理困境进行了分析.从目前来看,清远市高新区工业用地供应存在工业用地出让年限过长、价格低导致工业用地盘活利用、转型升级难度大;供应总体规模大,用地结构未跟上产业结构调整步伐;工业用地供后监管难等问题.在剖析工业用地供应面临的困境基础上,提出应当推进土地行政管理体制改革、完善土地监管政策、优化工业用地规划管理制度,以完善高新区工业用地供应管理.

2009年,国土资源部与广东省人民政府合作共建节约集约用地示范省,将“三旧”(旧城镇、旧厂房、旧村庄)改造作为主要试点内容.10年来,广东省构建起较为完整的低效建设用地再开发政策体系,并于2013年在全国推广这一做法.以“三1日”改造为主要内容的低效建设用地再开发实施以来,为城市功能品质提升、人居环境改善、产业结构升级等提供了有力支撑,但也逐渐暴露出相关体制机制障碍方面的问题,迫切需要通过顶层设计取得新突破,为引领城市高质量发展注入新动能.

以推进依法治理、合作治理违法建设为导向,以行政法治、公共治理相关理论为基础,基于对广州市违法建设基本特征以及现行违法建设治理的法规政策、组织体制与运行机制及其存在问题的分析,探讨遏制新增违法建设的途径与方法,综合运用行政强制、行政处罚、行政长官责任制等多种手段,构建涵盖发现—管理—查处的一条龙新增违法建设管控体系,为广州市新增违法建设治理提供对策建议.

Taking Guangzhou as an example to strengthen the construction of large city management system, this paper use the literature method and interview method to sort out the status quo of the joint law enforcement of city appearance and environ-mental sanitation in water area of Guangzhou. Then it analyzes the existing problems and causes from the aspects of organization and management system, construction of laws and regulations, and joint enforcement mechanism. Guided by the theory of central-ized system and centralized power, it is recommended to:(a) improve the joint law enforcement system in both the vertical man-agement system and the horizontal joint enforcement system; (b) improve the law system from the aspect of construction, integra-tion and revision, as well as unified standard; (c) implement the accountability system, strengthen the supervision of the respon-sible area, adopt service outsourcing and establish broader social participation.

基于文献研究法,对城市开发边界的内涵、划定方法、实践模式及实施机制进行梳理与总结.研究发现,城市开发边界可以控制城市蔓延和引导城市发展,在促进土地合理利用、保护耕地和生态环境等方面具有重要意义.我国划定城市开发边界的试点城市基于城市定位、经济发展、环境保护等要求的不同,在划定和实施上都有一定的差异性.实践中,如何运用同时具备约束与引导作用的技术方法、如何合理设置弹性管理尺度、如何完善城市开发边界的评价机制等问题亟待解决,未来应加强对技术手段和政策设计过程的探究,建立一套中国化的城市开发边界理论体系、制度体系和管理体系.

基于剩余权相关理论建立城市更新政策分析框架,探讨城市更新政策制定与变迁机制及其实施效率.研究发现广州市城市更新政策构建了政府、开发商与原业主之间复杂的契约关系网络,基于分成地租契约的自主更新显著提高了制度效率,但城市更新存在多元目标难以协调、过度追求土地开发利益的问题,面临政策稳定性差、规划管控不足的困境.建议在确立公共利益优先原则、发挥规划管控作用、明确不同参与主体角色定位的基础上,政策制定应合理配置剩余控制权与剩余索取权;应建立土地增值税制度,转变政府角色定位,以分成契约的形式实现不同参与主体间的土地收益分享和经营风险分担机制.

以广东省云浮市中心城区为例,运用层次分析法、多因子综合评价法、灰色系统模型预测法以及GM(1,1)模型,通过建立资源环境承载力评价与城市空间扩展指数耦合的弹性开发适宜指数,最终在禁止开发建设区域的约束下划定城市开发边界.研究发现云浮市中心城区建设用地布局不合理,城市用地拓展边界未能实现土地资源的最优配置,管理过程中存在规划边界类型繁多、管理成本高、管理手段单一及刚性过强的问题.在当前空间规划体系改革和空间治理现代化的政策背景下,未来应促进多规整合,有机结合边界管理的刚性与弹性,建立边界内外差别化管控机制,完善配套措施.

构建适用于改自旧厂房的文创园区研究的社会-生态系统分析框架,综合运用文献分析、访谈、问卷调查等方法,对广州红专厂这一典型案例进行剖析.研究发现文创园区存在产业集聚效应不强、空间体验差、公共空间职能弱、多元政策目标冲突、治理局面一极化等问题.提出如下建议:完善文创产业规划;改善空间体验,强化公共休闲空间职能;加快评定工业遗产;建立行之有效的公众参与渠道;促进多中心治理局面的形成.

Urban renewal is a complex system with multi-stakeholders and multi-goals,which makes policy making a challenging problem.Based on the case study of Chancheng District of Foshan municipality,the development of"T hree Old"T ransformation is set as an example,it is found out that w hile playing important roles in providing land,the policy also faces with various challenges in respects of setting appropriate policy goal,planning the urban space and allocating land value increment etc.Suggestions are put forward including adjusting the policy goals to a more sustainable approach,classifying the policies according to the different features and requirements of the old villages,old tow ns and old factories,and transforming the role of the governments on both sides of overall planning and benefits distribution.

运用案例分析法,着重从政府、市场和公众伙伴合作关系,政府与社会资本收益分享和风险分担机制,市场准入和监管机制等方面对于PPP模式在基础设施建设管理应用中存在的问题进行探讨,提出PPP制度建设的对策建议:转变政府角色定位,完善监管责任制度;从投融资体制与回报机制方面完善激励机制;完善法律法规,加强第三方监管.

从土地发展权视角对中国土地管理的地方创新实践典型个案的分析表明,土地发展权理念已应用于地方土地政策制定并出现了私有化趋向,对解决当前土地管理中存在的征收补偿不公、建设用地指标空间配置等问题具有积极意义.对关于土地发展权权源与性质特征的认识分歧进行了澄清,研究认为土地发展权是私有产权与行政权综合作用的产物,兼有公共产权与私有产权的性质,是可与土地实体相分离的无体物权.基于上述理论分析与实践经验总结,对中国土地发展权制度建设提出以下建议:虚化土地公有产权的所有权性质,创设土地发展权制度;以行政许可的方式实现土地发展权“私有化”的初始配置,土地发展权收益则应通过税收调节的二次分配手段实现“公私分享”;结合城乡土地产权制度改革对土地发展权的配置方式、原则和手段进行具体的制度设计.

以特征价格理论为基础,采用组合模型的形式建立了中山市商品住宅用地特征价格模型,并通过求偏导的方法测算了不同土地特征属性的边际土地增值量.结果表明:城市中心距、公共交通线路数、环境舒适度、生活便利度和建筑密度是影响中山市商品住宅土地价格的主要因素,居住用地价格与城市中心距呈现波浪形曲线关系,土地增值对"公交线路数"的敏感程度高于"建筑密度".模型模拟结果较好地诠释了中山市土地利用空间格局与土地出让市场的实际情况,从微观层面揭示了土地增值的形成机制,为探索土地增值定量测算的规范方法和"受益者付费"的量化准则提供了新思路,可为建设科学合理的土地增值收益分配和土地税费制度提供决策参考.

At present, China is in a period of rapid development of urbanization and urban planning plays a very important role in the eco-city construction process.To study the ecological construction methods in urban planning, this study took the eco-city construction practice in Zengcheng as an example in order to give scientific guidance in city social, economic, cultural and ecological development.Time series analysis and comparative study methods were adopted.Zengcheng Ecological construction is benefited from accurate scientific urban planning control and guidance.The institution design and planning security which based on the times development is the root causes to achieve significant results of ecological construction .It is concluded that ecological construction is a very important proposition in city's development, which also is the base to achieve harmony between man and na-ture, and the fundamental guarantee to change from industrial to ecological civilization.

基于对国内外相关领域重要研究成果的检索,对土地增值管理问题进行了系统总结.土地增值的本质是外部性经济,税收、产权界定和行政管制是普遍使用的土地增值政策管理工具.我国土地增值管理中的突出问题表现在征地补偿标准过低、土地租税费体系不合理,其根源在于土地产权界定的不清晰,改革措施包括完善产权制度、理清土地租税费关系、完善税收征管体系等.未来应加强对土地增值收益分配和管理的实证分析、分类研究、系统分析和理论创新研究.

This paper summarizes and analyzes the meaning of appreciation of land value;formation mechanism, distribution and calculation of land value-added income;and administrative tools of land value. It points out that land natural value is both the result of social and economic progress and the focus of the researchers;while the distribution between different parties concerned is the research rubs. This paper goes on to look at some prominent problems involved in the management of the land appreciation, these are:the deifnition about the property right of land is confusing;the land value-added income is lost, and there is no way to return the lost income. Land requisition compensation standard is too low to protect the interests of farmers. The rent, tax, and fee system of land is not reasonable. On account of this, this paper points out that we should strengthen empirical analysis and classiifcation research on land value-added income distribution and management;as well as the theoretical innovation research on the theory of land property rights, land tax theory, land value-added income management theory based on public land ownership.

大敦村位于广州东部增城市，全村户籍人口7000多人，外来人口约7万人。作为一个著名的“牛仔村”，大敦村里已看不到任何乡村景观，家庭作坊式的牛仔加工服装厂云集，街道繁华。大敦村所在的新塘镇是增城市的工业重镇，牛仔纺织服装业是其支柱产业之一，年产值超过200亿元，约占全国总产量的60%。

Based on the theoretical analysis of the policy tools of land value capture, and the relationship of land rent/taxation/fees system and land value increment allocation, with a case study of a land development project, the general status of land investment and profits, the structure of land rent/taxation/fees, and the situation of present land value increment allocation are thoroughly explored. It is concluded that the farmers has been treated unfairly and put at a serious disadvantageous because of the present land property right institution arrangement and a new model of land value increment alloction is suggested based on the protection of the privated land property right should be strengthened.