To explore the changes in flavor compounds during the hydrolysis of sulfited sugarcane syrup (SS) by sucrase. This study characterized non-volatile organic compounds (NVOCs) via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). About 14 NVOCs were identified, with 7 NVOCs, including sucrose, fructose, alpha-glucose, and beta-glucose, showing significant dynamic changes. About 80 VOCs were identified by GC-MS. Pyrazines were the predominant compound in the SS, whereas pyrazines and acids became the major components in the hydrolyzed SS. Enzymatic hydrolysis significantly increased the overall VOCs content, particularly acids and aldehydes, while reducing unpleasant S-containing compounds. Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) revealed that 30 differential VOCs (Variable Importance in Projection, VIP > 1) served as markers for distinguishing among the five syrup samples. Furthermore, three key differential aroma compounds (2,5-dimethylpyrazine, dimethyl sulfide, and beta-damascenone) were identified by VIP and Odor Activity Value (OAV). Additionally, we detected 56 VOCs by GC-IMS. The fingerprint profiles and OPLS-DA confirmed significant differences in VOCs during enzymatic hydrolysis. Overall, these findings offer new insights into the flavor chemistry of SS during enzymatic hydrolysis and a theoretical basis for optimizing flavored syrup processing.

The pigments in molasses wastewater are a primary factor limiting its biodegradation, and adsorption serves as an effective decolorization approach. The present study prepared an MXene and polyethyleneimine co-modified chitosan aerogel (MPCA) for the removal of three typical pigments, caramel, chlorogenic acid (CGA), and ferulic acid (FA), from molasses wastewater. Through unit and multi-component adsorption experiments, the adsorption behavior of MPCA toward these three pigments was systematically investigated. Under the optimal conditions (MPCA dosage of 0.5 mg/mL, temperature of 40 degrees C, and pH 7), the equilibrium adsorption capacities of MPCA for caramel, CGA, and FA reached 112, 375, and 149 mg/g, respectively. Modeling of the adsorption data indicates that while the adsorption of caramel and CGA onto MPCA follows monolayer chemisorption, the adsorption of FA onto MPCA conforms to multilayer chemisorption. Specifically, the adsorption of caramel is an endothermic process, whereas that of CGA and FA is exothermic. Competitive adsorption occurs among the pigments in multicomponent systems. By combining macroscopic analyses (adsorption kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics, FTIR, XPS) with microscopic quantum chemical calculations (ESP, ALIE, Mulliken charge), this work identifies the key forces in MPCA dye adsorption: electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and cation-It interactions. The initial adsorption kinetic rates, molecular steric hindrance, and active site characteristics are the key factors dictating the outcome of competitive adsorption.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) were employed to comprehensively characterize both non-volatile and volatile components present in membrane-filtrated sugarcane syrup (MS). A total of 19 non-volatile compounds and 65 volatile compounds were successfully identified within the MS sample. Among the volatile compounds, 12 were determined to be key aroma contributors based on their Relative Odor Activity Values (ROAV). Our investigation elucidated that hydrolysis and Maillard reactions serve as the primary pathways during acid hydrolysis, with reaction kinetics strengthened by increasing heating temperature and citric acid concentration, thereby enhancing the caramel and roasted aromas of MS. These findings not only contribute to a deeper understanding of the composition of sugarcane syrup but also offer valuable insights into flavor characterization and quality control within the sugarcane industry. Furthermore, this research lays a foundation for future studies aimed at optimizing processing techniques to enhance syrup flavor and overall product quality.

Melanoidins are widely present in molasses wastewater and are dark-colored macromolecules that are hazardous to the environment. Currently, adsorption methods can effectively remove melanoidins from wastewater. However, existing adsorbents have shown unsatisfactory removal efficiency for melanoidins, making practical application challenging. Polyethylene glycol crosslinked modified chitosan/halloysite nanotube composite aerogel microspheres (PCAM@HNTs) were developed as a highly efficient adsorbent for melanoidins. The removal rate of PCAM@HNTs for melanoidins was 98.53 % at adsorbent dosage 0.4 mg/ml, pH 7, temperature 303 K and 450 mg/L initial melanoidins concentration, and the corresponding equilibrium adsorption capacity was 1108.49 mg/g. The analysis results indicate that the adsorption of melanoidins by PCAM@HNTs is a spontaneous and endothermic process. It fits well with pseudo-second-order kinetic models and the Freundlich isotherm equation. The adsorption of PCAM@HNT on melanoidins is primarily attributed to electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions. Furthermore, PCAM@HNTs exhibit excellent biocompatibility and are nonhazardous. Therefore, PCAM@HNTs proved to be an ideal adsorbent for the decolorization of molasses wastewater.

The pigments in sugarcane result the crystallised sucrose appears unsatisfactorily yellow. In this study, cationic tapioca starch (CTS)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (CTS@Fe3O4) were synthesized and used as adsorbents for the removal of undesirable pigments. The adsorption properties of CTS@Fe3O4 were investigated by a sugarcane juice colorant model consisting of caffeic acid (CA), gallic acid (GA) and melanoidin (ME). The equilibrium adsorption capacities of CTS@Fe3O4 for CA, GA, and ME were 185, 160 and 580 mg g-1 at the optimal conditions (60, 60 and 180 mg L-1 initial concentrations, respectively; 0.3 mg mL-1 CTS@Fe3O4 dosage, 313 K temperature, and pH value of 7). The adsorption process was described well by second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models with a high fitting correlation coefficient approaching 1, suggesting that the pigments formed a surface monolayer with a homogenously distributed adsorption energy and was mainly dominated by chemisorption. The thermodynamic parameters (Gibbs free energy <0, enthalpy >0, and entropy >0) revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. For the binary system, the competitive adsorption between pigments was primarily antagonistic. The speed of adsorption was the main factor affecting competitive adsorption, and the additional adsorption force reduced the effects of coexisting adsorbates.

综述了木质素基吸附材料在去除废水污染物方面的研究进展,简明介绍了几种木质素的常用改性方法,包括磺化改性、胺化改性、酚化改性和接枝聚合改性.阐述了几种木质素基多孔吸附材料(如气凝胶、水凝胶、多孔碳)的不同结构特点,并分别总结了制备方法,综述了不同种类的木质素基多孔吸附材料在去除废水中有机染料、重金属离子等污染物的研究利用现状.分析了木质素基吸附材料在发展中存在的潜在问题,并提出了合理的建议,同时对其应用前景做出了展望.

综述了超疏水纤维素复合材料的研究进展.简要介绍了几种常用的改性方法,如浸涂法、喷涂法、等离子体法、溶胶-凝胶法和化学气相沉积法.这些方法用于开发简单、高效、绿色、多功能和稳定的纤维素基超疏水材料.对基于纤维素的超疏水材料在油水分离、电磁干扰屏蔽、阻燃和自清洁等方面的应用现状进行了总结.还对纤维素基超疏水材料未来的潜在应用和发展趋势进行了分析,对未来纤维素基超疏水材料的应用研究的侧重领域提出了建议.

Natural amphiphilic polymer micelles have garnered considerable research attention as nanocarriers for delivering drugs. The objective of this study was to explore the possibility of applying biocompatible dual-modified starch micelles as drug delivery vehicles. To this end, a dual-modified corn starch polymer (SCD) was synthesized with zwitterionic sulfobetaine and deoxycholic acid; spherical micelles with an average particle size of ~200 nm were prepared through the self-assembly of SCD. The effects of dual modification on the degree of substitution, molecular structure, and functional properties of SCD were investigated. Further, doxorubicin was successfully incorporated into the micelles, and an in vitro drug release study was performed to confirm that the drug-loaded micelles displayed pH-sensitive properties with controlled and sustained release. The dissolve-diffuse-erosion-degradation release process was described according to the dynamic models of drug release for SCD micelles. The results can be used as reference information for further studies in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical domains.

Considerable concern exists regarding water contamination by various pollutants, such as conventional pollutants (e.g., heavy metals and organics) and emerging micropollutants (e.g., consumer care products and interfering endocrine-related compounds). Currently, academics are continuously exploring sustainability-related materials and technologies to remove contaminants from wastewater. Magnetic starch-based adsorbents (MSAs) can combine the advantages of starch and magnetic nanoparticles, which exhibit unique critical features such as availability, cost-effectiveness, size, shape, crystallinity, magnetic properties, stability, adsorption properties, and excellent surface properties. However, limited reviews on MSAs' preparations, characterizations, applications, and adsorption mechanisms could be available nowadays. Hence, this review not only focuses on their activation and preparation methods, including physical (e.g., mechanical activation treatment, microwave radiation treatment, sonication, and extrusion), chemical (e.g., grafting, cross-linking, oxidation and esterification), and enzymatic modifications to enhance their adsorption properties, but also offers an all-round state-of-the-art analysis of the full range of its characterization methods, the adsorption of various contaminants, and the underlying adsorption mechanisms. Eventually, this review focuses on the recycling and reclamation performance and highlights the main gaps in the areas where further studies are warranted. We hope that this review will spark an interdisciplinary discussion and bring about a revolution in the applications of MSAs.

纳豆激酶是一种纤维蛋白降解酶,最初从纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵的蒸煮大豆中分离提取.与现有的纤溶酶相比,纳豆激酶因显示出溶纤活性强、效率高和无副作用的优点而备受关注,但其用量大、产量低、成本高的特点阻碍了其广泛应用,提高纳豆激酶产量和活性一直是推进纳豆激酶发展的重点.本文介绍纳豆激酶高产菌株的来源、常用筛选方法和高产菌株诱变方法,综述了微生物发酵纳豆激酶发酵条件优化、低成本培养原料替代及基因工程等相关研究进展,旨在为高产纳豆激酶的研究提供思路,为纳豆激酶大规模推广应用奠定基础.

The use of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) in water treatment has received an increasing amount of attention because of its characteristics and low cost. Bagasse was used as the matrix in this study. Barium chloride and sodium carbonate were mixed with bagasse under certain conditions to generate barium carbonate and to prepare the bagasse-barium carbonate (SCB-BaCO3) composite adsorbent to adsorb the malachite green (MG) dye in the solution. MG's adsorption on the adsorbent conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model, and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity was 1250 mg/g. SCB-BaCO3 composite material is a low-cost, environmentally friendly, and efficient green adsorbent.

开展甘蔗不同收获方式作业效果对比试验,分析对比人工收获、切段式联合机收、整秆式带叶带梢机收3种收获方式的作业成本、作业效率、损失率、含杂率等关键指标,为甘蔗机收适宜模式遴选提供了数据支撑.结果表明,甘蔗收获作业效率及作业成本受蔗地条件、种植农艺、人工操作、机器性能等因素影响,尤其糖厂对机收蔗日入厂量的限制严重影响甘蔗机收作业效率.作业效率方面,切段式联合机收最高,人工传统收获最低;作业成本方面,人工传统收获最高,整秆割铺机械收获最低;含杂率方面,整秆割铺机械收获最高,人工传统收获最低.应积极探索能够同时实现整秆、剥叶、去梢去尾的机械化联合收获方式,综合提高甘蔗机收作业效率、降低作业成本、提升作业质量.

微晶纤维素作为一种环境友好型材料被广泛地应用于吸附研究中.重点综述了微晶纤维素的提取以及通过接枝、交联、化学改性和复合改性等方法对微晶纤维素基吸附剂进行改性并应用在去除工业废水中染料和重金属离子等方面.通过对微晶纤维素进行改性使其吸附量提高,但也有过程繁琐、耗时长、吸附物质覆盖面少等问题.因此,在对微晶纤维素基吸附剂未来发展方向进行展望时,提出应对吸附剂进行进一步优化以扩大吸附剂吸附范围,包括废水中其他污染物等.

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), magnesium sulfate hexahydrate, and trisodium citrate were reacted in ammonia bath in an aqueous solution to prepare a MCC-magnesium hydroxide (MH) composite adsorbent, which was used to adsorb heavy metal Co(II) ion. The method of using MCC-MH to adsorb and remove Co(II) was studied under different pH values, adsorbent dosages, contact times, initial Co(II) ion concentrations, and temperatures. The optimal process parameters include an MCC-MH dosage of 2.5 mg/mL, a contact reaction equilibrium time of 50 min, a Co(II) solution pH of 6.0-8.0, an initial Co(II) concentration of 300 mg/L, and a temperature of 303 K. The removal rate of Co(II) solution by MCC-MH was as high as 97.67%, and the maximum adsorption capacity of MCC-MH reached 153.84 mg/g under these optimal conditions. The adsorption isotherm of Co(II) conformed to the Langmuir model, the kinetic data of Co(II) conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption of Co(II) by MCC-MH was a spontaneous endothermic reaction under the optimized conditions. Analytical studies showed that Co(II) adsorption on MCC-MH composites is affected by chemical adsorption and involves the influence of intraparticle diffusion to a certain extent.

Novel starch polymers (sulfobetaine-starch-deoxycholic acid) were first synthesized by grafting zwitterionic sulfobetaine and deoxycholic acid onto corn starch molecules. In order to explore the mechanism of modified starch, the chemical structure, morphological properties, thermal stability, and self-assembly performance of modified corn starch were determined. Preliminary structural characterization, using NMR, demonstrated that the glucose carbon C6 was the main etherification grafting site and C2 and C3 were the esterification grafting sites. This was confirmed using FT-IR to detect the presence of a new carbonyl signal around 1739 cm−1. XRD, SEM, and PLM micrographs showed structural losses in the starch granule. Thermogravimetric analysis showed an increase in thermal stability with etherification and esterification in nature. Self-assembly performance analysis demonstrated that the polymer formed more thermodynamically stable micelles under highly diluted conditions. This work will help expand the space for starch application.

Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and calcium oxide with ammonium hydrogen carbonate were reacted in an aqueous solution to obtain an SCB-calcium carbonate (SCB-CaCO3) composite adsorbent, which was used to remove crystal violet (CV) from wastewater. The resulting adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and surface-area and pore-size analyses. The removal of CV dye by using the SCB-CaCO3 composite adsorbent was investigated at different pH levels, adsorbent dosages, contact times, initial dye concentrations, and temperatures. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of SCB-CaCO3 for CV at 3.33 mg/mL SCB-CaCO3 dosage, temperature of 313 K, pH 9.0, and initial dye concentration 1000 mg/L was 293.02 mg/g, and the corresponding removal rate reached 97.67%. The adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated in detail. Results showed that the adsorption isotherms of CV dye were consistent with the Langmuir model, so the adsorption was a monolayer process. The adsorption mechanism of CV can be described by a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that dye adsorption onto SCB-CaCO3 was primarily affected by strong chemisorption through electrostatic interactions. Further thermodynamic studies revealed that the CV adsorption onto SCB-CaCO3 was a spontaneous and endothermic reaction. We also demonstrated that the adsorption of dye by SCB-CaCO3 involved intraparticle diffusion and hydrogen-bonding interactions to some extent. Overall, SCB-CaCO3 was found to be an efficient, low-cost, green, and recyclable organic dye-removal material.

文章介绍了多点预灰低碳清净工艺在传统磷酸亚硫酸法甘蔗糖厂的生产实践.采用多点渐进式预加灰,结合锅炉烟气二氧化碳饱充中和汁的低碳清净工艺.结果 表明,清混汁重力纯度差、清净效率提高,清汁色值、浊度和钙盐含量进一步下降,清汁还原糖含量下降,沉降速度和过滤速度增加,取得了良好的清净效果.硫磺消耗量下降,同时减少二氧化碳排放量,促进制糖清洁生产.

主要以吸收废水中的染料和重金属类污染物为例,综述了纳米纤维素在废水处理方面的应用,以及国内外对于纳米纤维素吸附剂在废水处理中的研究进展.对纳米纤维素类吸附剂应用于废水处理的发展趋势进行展望,指出纳米纤维素类吸附剂研究不够深入广泛,未来还需进一步对纳米纤维素类吸附剂做更深层次的研究.新型吸附剂的发展趋势必然会向绿色环保、价格低廉、原料易得、高效并且再生性能好的方向发展.

简述了变性淀粉的分类,主要综述了变性淀粉吸附剂在不同类型水环境下的应用,以及吸附剂新品种的开发和国内外的研究现状与进展,并对变性淀粉吸附剂应用于水处理的发展趋势进行了展望.指出未来还需更深入地研究吸附机理,同时也需进一步研究影响吸附效果的因素;新型吸附剂将向更加高效、成本低廉且绿色环保的方向发展.

采用顶空固相微萃取技术,对膜法甘蔗清汁和甘蔗果酒中的挥发性物质进行检测分析与比较,并且对甘蔗果酒中易挥发性物质的萃取工艺进行了优化.甘蔗果酒顶空固相微萃取的最佳优化参数为:选择DB-WAX色谱柱,萃取头选择50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS、样品用量14 mL、萃取时间60 min、解析时间5 min、萃取温度60℃,氯化钠添加量1 g.检出甘蔗清汁中醇类13种、酯类7种、芳香类8种、羧酸类2种、烃类8种、醛酮类20种等物质;检出甘蔗果酒中的醇类7种、酯类22种、芳香类6种、羧酸类3种、醛酮类6种等物质.本研究对膜法甘蔗清汁和甘蔗果酒的主要特征风味物质的来源进行了分析,为甘蔗汁饮品及甘蔗果酒的风味调控提供一定的理论基础.