Urbanisation, by definition, is accompanied by a large loss of rural population. This transition leads to population hollowing, or the out-migration of young to middle-aged adults thereby leaving only the young and old in rural areas. We study the impact of rural population hollowing on rural residents' welfare. Taking rural China as an example, based on the data of 4451 households from 298 villages, we find evidence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between the degree of population hollowing and the happiness of rural residents, indicating that low levels of population hollowing correspond to an increase in happiness but higher levels lead to a decline in happiness. Population hollowing has a positive impact on happiness through the public income effect, and a negative impact on happiness through the left-behind problem, a diminishing of cultural capacity and a weakening of rural democracy. Women are more sensitive to the negative impact of population hollowing.

As a key node in the social network, political elites play an important role in the allocation of public resources in developing countries, and they may bring benefits to their neighbours. China's large-scale poverty alleviation efforts, as well as the nature of China as an acquaintance society, provides us with an opportunity to examine this issue. By using a novel panel of data from a village in China, our results show that households connected to village cadres are more likely to become beneficiaries of poverty alleviation projects than those not connected - the closer the social relationship with village cadres, the greater the benefits. Both favouritism and information transmission are proven to be mechanisms of the connection effect. As such, closely connected networks within communities are conducive to improving the targeting efficiency of public welfare projects, and external supervision is essential for eliminating the favouritism of political elites.

We study household fuel choice in rural China through the lens of social interactions, deploying a structural discrete choice interaction model to explain peer-dependence in household fuel choice. The data comes from the China Family Panel Studies 2010-2020, and we use multiple strategies to examine the robustness of the social interaction effects. We find a significant endogenous social effect, meaning that whether a household chooses non-solid clean fuel for cooking is directly affected by the choice in cooking fuel made by its neighbors in the village. Households with lower non-farm income are more sensitive to the choices of others, and the fuel choices of households with a higher education and/or a higher income attracts more attention from others. Modern communication technologies facilitate information exchange among rural residents, thereby strengthening the endogenous social effect. We suggest that public policies can accelerate rural energy transition by stimulating positive social spillovers.

We investigate peer correlations in income using a novel panel of data from a village in China. We construct a complete and heterogeneous social connections (guanxi) network that includes all households, and use spatial-network econometric models to estimate peer correlations. The results provide unique empirical evidence for the existence of a peer correlation in income, even after netting out influences of family characteristics, contextual effects, and various unobservable factors. We identify peer effects in land and labor allocations as the drivers of peer correlations in income.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

革命老区大多位于数省交界地区,多为山区,基础设施和公共服务相对薄弱,经济社会发展水平相对较低,多属于欠发达地区,是我国实施全面乡村振兴战略的难点区域和主战场之一.党的二十大报告指出,要"促进数字经济和实体经济深度融合","发展乡村特色产业,拓宽农民增收致富渠道",今年的中央一号文件提出,要"培育乡村新产业新业态",这为探索数字经济和革命老区乡村特色产业深度融合,促进产业振兴指明了方向.

家庭教育投资是农村人力资本积累的关键,探究农户教育投资的影响因素具有重要的现实意义.本文基于社会互动理论讨论了农村教育投资的同群效应,并使用中国家庭追踪调查2010—2016年农户数据进行了实证检验.研究发现,农村教育投资存在显著的正向同群效应,农户个体的教育支出随着村庄其他农户教育投入平均水平的增长而增长.在控制个体特征、情境效应和固定效应情况下,村庄平均教育支出每增长1％,农户教育投资将会增加0.27％,对应的社会乘数为1.37,即外生冲击引起的平均教育支出的均衡反应约为个体初始教育投入增加幅度的1.37倍.进一步地,同群效应对受教育程度和收入水平较低的农户影响更大.研究表明,农村教育投资的同群效应有利于提高相关政策的有效性,阻绝贫困的代际传递,摆脱"贫困陷阱",加快农村人力资本积累.

Urbanization, by definition, is accompanied by a large loss of rural population. This transition can lead to the problem of population hollowing, or the migration of young to middle-aged adults while leaving only the young and old in rural areas. This paper studies the impact of rural population hollowing on rural residents’ welfare. Taking rural China as an example, based on the data of 4,451 households from 298 villages, we find evidence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between the degree of population hollowing and the happiness of rural residents, indicating that low levels of population hollowing correspond to increases in happiness but higher levels lead to a decline in happiness. For China now, nearly 80 percent of the villages in our sample have a degree of population hollowing that is less than the turning point value, meaning that a further increase in rural population hollowing will not lead to a decline in happiness and urbanization is still an effective strategy to improve the welfare of rural residents. We additionally explore mediating channels, as well as heterogeneity by age cohort.

本文兼顾西方“个人主义”(主要关注个人特征变量对行为人行为形成的影响)和东方“关系主义”(社会网络中的社会互动对行为人行为的影响)两种预设,采用空间计量方法,建立给定社会网络中行为人行为之间产生社会互动的空间自回归(SAR)模型,并使用中国西北一个村庄8年面板数据共1648个样本实证研究中国村庄社会(关系)网络中的小农户种植多样化行为的社会互动效应.研究表明:小农户之间种植多样化行为的社会互动效应显著为正,且农户种植多样化指数每增加1个单位,与其有关系往来的农户的种植多样化指数就会增加0.332个单位.因此,通过对社会网络中的一部分农户的种植行为进行干预,进而影响其他农户种植行为的改变,有利于促进小农户和现代农业的有机衔接.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">为探究社会（关系）网络中行为人行为之间的社会互动效应,采用空间自回归方法和社会网络分析方法,使用我国甘肃省渭源县某村庄8年平衡面板数据,共1 648个样本,对我国村庄社会（关系）网络中小农户种植行为的社会互动效应进行研究。</span>

研究目的:分析农户农地转出行为的社会互动效应,以期更好地解读农户的行为决策,为农地流转政策的完善提供参考.研究方法:离散选择互动模型,Logit模型.研究结果:(1)农地转出行为存在显著的内生互动效应,同村庄其他农户的转出行为正向影响个体农户的农地转出概率.(2)内生互动效应存在区域差异,西部地区的农户对他人转出行为更敏感,流转决策的依赖性更强.(3)非农经营具有正向溢出效应,经营非农产业不仅影响自身的农地流转决策,还会提高其他农户的农地转出概率.研究结论:农户农地流转行为并非独立,而是相互影响的,相关政策可以通过优先干预部分农户、鼓励非农创业的方式促进农地使用权有序流转.

基于2016年“中国真实进步微观调查”的相关数据,考察志愿服务参与对幸福感的影响.研究发现,参与志愿服务显著提高了居民的幸福感,这一结果不受样本异质性的影响;参与志愿服务提高了居民的社交能力、信任感和公平感,进而影响了幸福感;参与政府组织的志愿服务的“幸福效应”不显著,而参与社会组织开展的志愿服务和多渠道参与对幸福感产生了显著的正向影响.在开展志愿服务过程中,要充分发挥社会组织的作用,鼓励居民多渠道参与.

社会互动指个体偏好、期望和约束受到其他人特征和选择的影响,从而使得行为人之间相互影响、彼此依赖.本文聚焦于个体经济行为和经济福利的社会互动效应,从理论、实证和研究方法三个方面开展综述.在理论上,个体间的相互影响已经被纳入经济分析框架,学者们借助博弈论模型探讨社会互动微观机理,拓展了经济学的研究范式,揭示了社会互动对公共政策的重要含义.在实证研究方面,消费行为、教育、劳动力流动、农业生产等诸多领域的社会互动效应得到了学者们的验证.在研究方法上,近十年来,空间计量模型和社会网络的结合突破了传统方法的局限,逐渐形成一种新的研究思路和研究方法.

文章使用2012-2017年中国22个省325个村庄的4863个农户的混合截面数据探究了村庄中草根组织发育情况对农村居民幸福感的影响,为社会组织发展情况和幸福感之间关系的讨论增添了新证据.研究发现:村庄草根组织发育程度对农村居民的幸福感具有显著正向影响,即村庄中的草根组织数量越多,其居民幸福感越高;进一步使用生活满意度法(Life Satisfaction Approach,LSA)对草根组织的货币价值进行估计发现,村庄中草根组织数量每增加1个百分点带来的幸福感增加相当于家庭人均总收入增加0.667个百分点带来的幸福感增加.研究结论表明,发展乡村草根组织是提升农村居民幸福感的一个有效途径.

Decoding the password for the rural residents' online shopping and selling behavior in poor areas has important policy implications on enhancing their welfare.This paper uses a large nationally representative sample survey data to analyze the current situation of rural residents' online shopping and selling behavior in poor areas, and uses Heckman two-step method to study the determinants of the times which the rural residents shopping or selling online.We find that 10.25％ of the surveyed rural residents had experienced online shopping or online sales.The proportion of online shopping behavior of rural residents surveyed (10.15％) was much higher than that of online sales (0.89％) .The proportion of online purchasing and consignment behavior were 16.05％ and 0.91％, respectively.Distance from the delivery point to the rural households has a significant impact on rural residents' online shopping and selling behavior.Solving logistics service system's"last mile"problem will promote the rural residents to use internet for shopping and selling.

从老年人养老成本最小化理论出发,通过构建理论框架,提出老年人幸福感与子女数量之间非线性关系的研究假说.使用中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2013年度数据对老年人幸福感和子女数量之间的关系进行了实证研究.研究结果表明:老年人幸福感与子女数量之间存在倒"U"型曲线关系,且子女数量对女性 、城镇 、高收入老年人群体幸福感的影响更为明显;"有儿子"比"有女儿"会给老年人带来更明显的幸福效应,证实了"养儿防老"的传统观念仍广泛存在,在农村地区,低收入家庭"重男轻女"的思想更具普遍性.

粮稳天下安.在经济全球化背景下,影响我国粮食安全的国内因素与国际因素相互交织,进一步加剧了我国粮食安全形势的不确定性和复杂性.从"引进来"到"走出去",从打造国际粮商到加强南南合作,折射出我国全面提升的粮食安全保障能力.

消费扶贫本质上是消费者和贫困地区生产者之间的商品和服务的买卖行为.从生产者角度,应全面提升贫困地区农产品供给水平和质量,打通供应链条,拓展销售途径.从消费者角度,应积极参与消费扶贫,营造消费扶贫的社会氛围,助力贫困地区脱贫攻坚战的胜利.

姓氏是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,至今仍在中国人的日常生活中扮演着重要角色.本文运用一个独特的调查数据,探讨了姓氏对中国农村居民幸福感的影响.研究发现,村庄中的个人大姓身份并不能显著地增加农村居民的幸福感;用反映冲突强度的族群极化指数测量的村庄宗族异质性对农村居民的幸福感具有显著的负面影响.在研究发现的基础上,本文认为,为了不减少农村居民的幸福感,当下开展的大规模的村庄撤并行动应当谨慎进行.

农业技术既是农业经济增长的源泉,也是农业发展的第一动力.本文基于中国西北一个村庄连续5年的农户跟踪调查数据,运用静态面板估计方法和动态广义矩估计方法研究了农户种植专业化程度对农业生产技术效率的影响.研究发现,种植专业化程度与小农生产技术效率呈“倒U型”曲线的关系.即“适度专业化”种植能使小农生产技术使用能力得到最大程度的挖掘.然而,很多小农户的现有种植专业化程度远未达到“技术效率拐点”对应的专业化程度.政府应采取相应措施提高大部分小农户的种植专业化程度以提高农业技术使用能力,进而增加小农户的产出.