Personal information rights, data rights, information management order, and data security order are emerging legal benefits protected by criminal law in the era of big data. The establishment of the crime of infringing citizens’ personal information protects personal information rights, and the establishment of the crime of illegally obtaining computer information system data protects data rights. Both personal information rights and computer information system data are protected as personal legal interests. On one hand, the standardized structure of the “consent” element in the crime of infringing citizens’ personal information is based on the degree of protection of personal information provided by the criminal law. Within the scope of reasonable expectations arising from “consent”, the information subject bears the risk. On the other hand, based on the theory of personal information in private law, the object of the crime of illegally obtaining computer information system data should include the data controller’s right to personal data. The scope of punishment against this crime depends on the company’s investment in and legal acquisition of personal data. The act of illegally obtaining personal data may constitute an imaginative joinder of offenses between the crime of infringing on citizens’ personal information and the crime of illegally obtaining computer information system data.
2018年9月出台的《最高人民法院关于互联网法院审理案件若干问题的规定》首次承认了区块链在电子数据举证中的证明效力.自此,以提供版权确权、存证、认证等证据保全服务的商业区块链存证平台迅速发展起来.但由于当前区块链版权存证的技术标准和行业规范存在缺失,相应的行业引导与监管缺位,导致存证市场在准入门槛、安全保障、垄断风险等方面存在隐忧;有必要从市场准入、技术标准、竞争环境等方面建章立制、依法推进,引导版权存证市场的有序发展和良性竞争.
国有资本、集体资本、非公有资本等交叉持股、相互融合的混合所有制经济是我国基本经济制度的重要实现形式,积极推进混合所有制改革,促使国有与非国有资本融合发展意义重大.构建演化博弈模型分析了国有与非国有资本相互融合过程中策略选择的演化过程及其收敛趋势,并仿真模拟了政策激励影响博弈主体策略选择的动态演化过程.研究结果表明:国有与非国有资本相互融合的行为博弈存在演化稳定均衡策略,能否相互融合取决于事前交易成本、政策激励强度、政策倾斜与溢出以及新组建混合所有制企业预期收益.初始意愿高时,制度激励发挥了锦上添花效应,有效促进演化博弈系统收敛至理想状态,初始意愿低时具有减缓收敛速度的作用.事前经济激励具有正向引导效应,且初始意愿超过一定阈值后,将扭转博弈参与主体的最优策略选择,逐渐向"融合"转变.政策倾斜增加了国有资本的融合收益,但初始意愿偏低时,在模仿学习中仍倾向于"不融合".政策溢出效应下降时,初始意愿超过一定阈值之后,理性的博弈参与者会转向"融合"策略.
电商平台在为经营者和消费者提供信息交互场域的同时,享有一定的网络空间治理权,具有公共属性.但从商事角度来看,其作为网络交易参与者,又受到私法规制,具有契约属性.这种双重法律地位,决定了电商平台必须兼顾信息审查与信息保护两方面责任.新技术的发展,使电商平台的审查能力不断提升,因而有必要对该领域里的"避风港"规则做出调整.在保护消费者合法权益的基础上,重置电商平台的审查规则,合理确定审查范围,区分审查重点,构建多元审查标准,建立动态审查机制,加强审查过程中的交流协作.
为研究中国与国际股市波动的时变相关性机制,文章通过小波分解中、美、英3国股票指数2013～2020年的收益率,运用小波相干谱、格兰杰检验和GARCH-Copula方法分析,研究发现:在低频段方面,中美、中英股指呈现长期正相关,英美股指对中国均有引领作用,英美股指互为格兰杰原因,且均是中国股指的格兰杰原因;在高频段方面,中美、中英股指呈现负相关,但2018年后中美相关性由负转正,中美股指在短时、极端共同上涨行情和中英股指在短时、极端共同下跌行情均具有可预测性.
