对北京理工大学研究生"科学道德和学术诚信"课程的教学目标、教学内容、教学策略等进行了分析和论证.认为科学道德与学术诚信不宜狭隘地理解为科研行为中的学风与诚信,而应扩展到选题、立项、决策、运行等过程的诚信,扩展到预防伦理和负责任创新;作为一门科技与工程伦理类课程,该课程的目标是经由建构世界图景和学术图景进行伦理意识启蒙,唤起文化自觉和责任意识,达致对可持续发展理念下的负责任创新等伦理观念、科学精神和人文精神,提升道德判断和伦理选择能力;教学上,通过建构性的教学策略,提炼关键概念,让学生提升文化自觉和责任意识,形成科技与工程伦理的基础知识结构.

2008年,日本科学家小林诚和益川敏英因发现“CP对称性破缺的起源”而获得了诺贝尔物理学奖.作为在战后日本本土成长起来的物理学家,小林诚和益川敏英均出身于日本著名的名古屋学派,而其导师坂田昌一教授,则以坚持用恩格斯《自然辩证法》的基本观点指导科学研究而著称,其思想在我国科学界和哲学界拥有广泛影响.本文试图考察小林和益川发现“对称性破缺起源”的世界现与方法论背景,进而揭示当代科技的前沿探索同哲学思考之间的深刻联系.

This article aims at studying the seismic response rules and design method of single large span structures to spatially varying ground motions. A corrected earthquake power spectral density model is first proposed and applied to the following solution process. The practical solution form of the multi-support pseudo excitation method is put forward and used to analyze the seismic response. The total response is divided into the pseudo-static and relative dynamic response. A simplified single large span structural model is used as the research object to study the response law when both the wave-passage effect and incoherence effect are considered. The result shows that the wave-passage effect and incoherence effect can both increase the pseudo-static response. The relative dynamic response is influenced by the form of trigonometric function, while wave-passage frequency influences the period and coherence function results in amplitude attenuation. When the ratio of natural frequency to wave-passage frequency equals to 0.5 n ( n = 0, 1, 2,…), the structural seismic response reaches extreme value. Based on the derived response law, a method of quickly determining the most unfavorable conditions of the multi-support excitation effect is proposed for seismic design of single large span structures.

On the base of response spectrum CQC method considering all the coupling items,an approximate SRSS algorithm ignoring relevant coupling terms was given.Due to the specialty of structures with two supports,a simplified algorithm for analysing quasi-static response of this type of structures was put forward.Taking a typical two supports structure as example,the accuracy of the approximate algorithm of SRSS was analyzed.The results show that the error of SRSS method mainly comes from ignoring quasi-static and relative dynamic coupling terms,but not modal coupling terms. The stronger the traveling-wave effect is,the bigger the error of the approximate algorithm will be.But according to the calculation results of actual engineering structures,within the range of the common wave velocity,the computation errors of displacement and internal force of the two approximate algorithms keep within 10% and 15% respectively.So it is feasible to use approximate algorithm of SRSS for seismic response analysis of two supports structures under multi-support excitation.

Distributed Software Defined Networking federates multiple controllers In a network to solve the problems In single controller networks, e.g., to improve network reliability and reduce the delay between controllers and switches. However, in the current distributed SDN schemes, the mapping between SDN switches and controllers is statically configured, which may result in uneven load distribution among controllers. These schemes cannot fully benefit from the distributed SDN architecture. In order to address this issue, this paper proposes an adaptive elastic distributed SDN architecture. The architecture dynamically selects a minimum. number of active controllers that switches attached to, and changes the mapping between switches and controllers according to the network load. Specially, a switch can migrate from one controller domain to another so that the mapping is adaptive to the network load. We formalize the controller selection problem as an optimization problem, and prove that the problem is NP-Hard. We solve the problem by using greedy algorithms. With the algorithms, controllers In a network are dynamically changed with respect to the network load and the number of active controll0ers is close to the optimal value. We validate the algorithms and evaluate the performance by simulations. In particular, the simulation results show that the number of active controllers is reduced by 60% when the whole network load decreases.

Based on strict theoretical formula derivation,simulation method of spatially correlated earthquake ground motions is simplified and improved. In the simplified method,wave passage effect and incoherence effect are considered separately,and computational complexity is reduced since the complex calculation is avoided. It's pro-posed that parameters used in the simulation should be determined according to Code for Seismic Design of Build-ings(GB50011—2010),and to enhance the method's practicality,ground motions should be adjusted to satisfy the response spectrum supplied in the code. Some existing simulation methods have been studied to verify their accuracy. Numerical analysis shows that ground motions gained from some of the existing methods which change the formula artificially without indispensable theoretical proving may not satisfy the coherence,and should be used with reserva-tion.

The pseudo excitation method (PEM) has been improved into a more practical form, on which the analytic formulae of seismic response power spectral density (PSD) of simplified large-span structural models have been derived. The analytic formulae and numerical computing results of seismic response PSD have been derived to study the mechanism of multi-support excitation effects, such as the wave-passage effect and incoherence effect, for the seismic response of multiand large-span structures. By using a multi-span truss as an example, the influence of multi-support excitation effects on the seismic response of such structures is studied.

Spatial variation of earthquake ground motion has great influences on the dynamic responses of large-span structures.In this paper,the dynamic model of Hefei Xinqiao International Airport terminal is established using the FEM software ANSYS.The time-history method is used in the seismic analysis of the terminal under either the uniform excitation or the multiple excitations.Reasonable wave velocities are selected to consider the wave-passage effect,which is the major effect of the multiple excitations.The design stresses,in which seismic effect is considered,of the terminal members under multiple excitations have been compared to that under uniform excitation.The results indicate that the design stresses of a big proportion of members may be increased by the multiple excitations effect.Thus,the seismic analysis under multiple excitations is indispensable as that under uniform excitation,in the design process of such long span structures.And the ratio of design stress of every member should be used to adjust the seismic response under uniform excitation.

The paper examines the intervention of history of science, as the foundation and the core of STS, in the theory and practice of science communication, and the possible contributions of history of science on science communication. On the one hand, the extending and redirection of history of science have made science communication issues come into its view. Its research results provide theoretical references for science communication, and bring a wealth of high-quality content resources. On the other hand, the changes of research standpoint of history of science, together with the new research fruits brought by these changes, have changed the ideas and theories of science communication, and affect the understanding of the relationship between science and the public.

The effect of spatial variation of earthquake ground motion has great influences on the dynamic responses of large-span structures. In this paper, the dynamic model of Chengdu East Railway Station is established using the FEM software SAP2000. The time-history method is used in the seismic analysis of the terminal under either the uniform excitation or the multiple excitations. Reasonable wave velocities are selected to consider the wave-passage effect, which is the major effect of the multiple excitations. The design stresses; in which seismic effect is considered, of the station members under multiple excitations have been compared to that under uniform excitation. The results indicate that the design stresses of a big proportion of members may be increased by the multiple excitations effect. Thus, the seismic analysis under multiple excitations is indispensable as that under uniform excitation, in the design process of such long span structures. And the ratio of design stress kappa d of every member should be used to adjust the seismic response under uniform excitation.

The effect of spatial variation of earthquake ground motion has great influences on the dynamic responses of large-span structures. In this paper, three different model of Hefei Xinqiao International Airport terminal has been established using the FEM software ANSYS. The time-history method is used in the seismic analysis of the different models under either the uniform excitation or the multiple excitations. Different responses have been compared by the parameter of the ratio of design stress κ d and so on. Finally, the distinction and the reason have been received. The results indicate that the rigid model is more sensitive to the multi-support excitations. It is difficult to exactly find the best plan under all of the parameters, so we should design depend on the reality and get the exact result.

The direct solving method, in which absolute displacement is utilized to solve dynamic equations, is proposed to analyze the seismic response of structures under multi-support excitations. Compared with the commonly used decomposition method, which decomposes the displacement into absolute pseudo-static displacement and relative dynamic displacement, the direct solving method is of a more concise concept as well as lower calculation complexity. And it is more suitable for nonlinear problems. As for the direct solving method combined with mode superposition method, calculation with only low order modes may cause large error. Thus static correction method is adopted to improve the precision of direct solving method. Results of numerical examples indicate that sufficient accuracy could be gained with fewer low order modes by using modified direct method. And it is also concluded that the precision of modified direct method is similar to that of decomposition method.

The variable of multi-support excitation effect,which is extracted from the analytical formulae of the power spectrum density function(PSDF) of seismic response of a 2-mass with 2-support simplified system,was proposed to study the variation of the random seismic response due to the wave passage effect and incoherence effect.And a numerical example of a gate-type truss structure was given to validate the practicability of the results gained from the simplified system.It is shown that the quasi-static response will increase while considering the wave passage effect or incoherence effect;the relative dynamic response fluctuates with the increase of wave passage frequency,and the extreme point's distribution is determined by the ratio of natural vibration frequency to wave passage frequency;and the incoherence effect will not change the extreme points' distribution,but reduce the fluctuation amplitude.For actual structures,more wave velocities are proposed to be employed to obtain reliable results,since they have a strong influence on the seismic response.The incoherence effect has little influence on the actual structures,especially when the structure's span is small.

基于STS领域的前沿理论,将科学漫画视为一种优质的科学传播形式,通过分析日本第二代动漫宗师宫崎骏作品中的女性形象,特别是其代表性作品<风之谷>中的主人公娜乌西卡,考察作品的时代背景以及特定时代背景中的科学观,探讨作品中的生态女性主义思想.为以动漫形式进行的科学传播与社会文化背景中的自然观、科学观以及科学文化的互动影响提供案例研究.

Arch-reticulated shell hybrid steel structure was adopted in the conservatories at gardens by the bay in Singapore.As the internal forces and deformations caused by temperature variation could exert great impact on the structural safety,the temperature load can not be ignored in structural design.Because temperature load had led to far higher stress of shell frames near the arch-reticulated shell connections than the standard,the fully rigid welded joints in the original proposal were thus replaced by pinned spring joints in the initial stage of design.Two kinds of FEA software were employed to analyze static response under both day condition and ignition condition.Comparative analysis of stresses and deformations was carried out on load cases with temperature load considered or not,which verified the importance of temperature load in design of large-span steel structure.

The pseudo excitation method for multi-support seismic response analysis, which is a kind of high efficient random vibration analysis method, hasn' t been used in existing general FEM software. The pseudo excitation method is expressed in a practical form, which is suitable for programming realization. Then the pseudo excitation method is implemented in ANSYS by using the APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language). Thus, multi-support seismic response analysis capability of ANSYS is increased, and a simple and effective approach for multi-support seismic response analysis is supplied to researchers. Comparison between numerical calculation results obtained by ANSYS and analytic results of a simple structure model is made to verify the accuracy and feasibility of the implementation method.

推导了简化模型在多点输入下相对动力响应的振型坐标和内力功率谱解析式，用以研究常见的多点输入效应（行波效应和不相干效应）对结构相对动力响应的影响规律，并以一拱桁架为例，研究实际结构的相对动力响应特征。计算结果表明，相对动力响应曲线受行波效应影响呈波动状，极值点分布由自振频率与行波频率的比值确定，极值点特性由振型特性与地震动方向共同确定；不相干效应减小相对动力响应随行波频率的波动幅值，但不改变相对动力响应的极值点分布规律；不相干效应对低阶振型坐标影响较小，随着自振频率增大，不相干效应的影响也增大。

近年来,随着科学普及的发展,PUS(公众理解科学)这一概念颇为流行。但在日本,这一概念又在其特定的语境下与其他相关概念有着特殊的关系。对于这些概念的理解和分析,有助于人们更好地在国际背景下理解科学普及的复杂性,也有利于我国科学普及的发展。