针对当今地球生态系统濒临崩溃所预示的文明危机,以"后金凤花时代"作喻,借鉴国际组织和有识之士提出的"基于自然解决""土壤战略"等解决方案,指出健康的土壤兼具保障食材安全、平衡生态,固肥、固水、固碳等一系列功能,可以同时助力解决人类当前所面对的从食品安全到全球变暖等一系列危机.提出作为"活系统"的土壤是文明的根基,工业化农业将土壤"介质化",剥夺了土壤的生命力,是当今农业的万病之源.指出当前土壤的核心问题是因有机质含量过低而"失活",提出以"还土壤以生命""让农业回归农业",以有机种植、拯救土壤作为拯救"后金凤花时代"人类文明的杠杆点.

探讨了工程生态概念及其提出背景,分析了工程生态的基本性质,以及工程生态与自然生态、工程系统的关系,展望了工程生态研究的基本进路.主张工程是一种生态性存在,在生态网络中定位工程、理解工程、驾驭工程是工程实践的必然要求;唯有在生态中认识工程、遵循生态规律建构工程,才能实现工程的可持续发展并更好地造福人类.

随着新一轮科技革命和产业革命的到来，以信息技术为引领的前沿科技迅速崛起，并与人类工程实践相交织，使得工程中所蕴含的不确定性和风险性越来越受到关注。2017年《新工科建设指南》（“北京指南”）明确提出要强化工科学生的工程伦理意识，工科教师作为工科人才培养的关键角色，其工程伦理教育能力决定着未来工科人才是否能够具备较高的工程伦理素质，推动工程向善发展。围绕工科教师工程伦理教育能力的内涵与特点，对相关人员进行深度访谈，采用扎根理论研究方法，建构出工科教师的工程伦理教育能力评价维度，包含18个初始范畴和5个主范畴。此外，通过深度访谈验证目前工科教师的工程伦理教育能力确实存在不足，急需提升，凸显提高工科教师工程伦理教育能力的重要性和紧迫性。依据研究结论提出相关建议，为提高工科教师的工程伦理教育能力提供借鉴。

Objective To explore the correlation between the two variables of ego-identity and self-cognition of junior high school students and their specific performance, and to explore educational strategies to promote the development of ego-identity of junior high school students on this basis. Methods Using the ego-identity status scale and the Tennessee self-concept scale (TSCS) to investigate the status and relationship of ego-identity and self-cognition of 500 junior high school students, based on the correlation, around the theme of promoting the self-cognition development of junior high school students, self-edited interview outline, invite 35 junior high school students and teachers to conduct in-depth interviews, use grounded theory to code and explore theoretical models. Results The ego-identity and self-cognition of junior high school students are significantly positively correlated; the improvement of self-cognition of junior high school students can be achieved through the education model of "attention-guidance-management". Conclusion The higher the self-cognition level of junior high school students, the better the development of ego-identity. Through the education model of "attention-guide-management", the self-cognition development of junior high school students can be promoted, thereby promoting the formation of ego-identity.

The proapsal of the reform idea of " 'Emerging Engineering’ Research and Construction" has provided a direction for the new round of engineering education reform. As the core force of engineering educa-tion, engineering teachers should not only master extensive and profound theoretical knowledge, but also have strong engineering practice ability. What on account of many historical and practical factors have engineering teachers’ practical engineering ability formed an important and difficult barrier in the reform of engineering edu-cation in China. What is the current situation of engineering teachers’ practical ability, and what are the understand and expect from teachers and students? In-depth interviews were applyed to 40 engineering teachers and engi-neering graduate students from three universities that be classified into first-class universities & disciplines.Through the three-level coding of the interview content, the basic impression of the interviewees on the current practical capacity of engineering teachers is obtained, and then the evaluation dimension model of engineering teachers’ engineering practical capacity based on the perspectives of teachers and students is constructed. The re-search shows that teachers and students have a comprehensive understanding and expectation of current engineer-ing teachers’ engineering practice capacity, and have many helplessness. The article’s result is based on the dem-onstration research, clarifying some obscure acknowledgement, having an reference value for farther research of engineering education reform.

新工科学科建设,是教育界回应科技前沿疾速发展、产业和经济形态变迁对人才质量提出新要求所采取的重要举措.在以前沿性和高度交叉融合性为重要特征的新工科学科建设中,难以回避前沿科技不确定性带来的巨大风险,这就使得在工程人才培养的一般标准之上,对工程伦理教育提出了更高要求.在新工科建设背景下,对工程伦理教育进行合理定位,将其嵌入高校工程人才培养全过程至关重要.本文在大量文献调研基础上,以问卷法、访谈法了解各高校目前工程伦理教育定位情况,以及被调查者的态度和看法、定位预期和相关理由.结果显示:被调查者普遍认同在新工科建设中应赋予工程伦理教育以重要地位,认为各高校开展新工科建设应该有关于工程伦理教育的部署,应该创造条件将工程伦理教育定位为专业核心课,更理想的情况是开设工程伦理贯通课程群.

“新工科”是我国高等教育管理部门在理论和实践调研基础上提出的工程教育改革方向.自2017年3月“复旦共识”形成以来,新工科研究和建设成效显著,但也出现了运动式、盲目性问题.为使新兴学科设立有据可依,参照《学位授予和人才培养学科目录设置与管理办法》等规章及研究文献,结合新兴工科特征,根据社会对工程科技人才发展需求,采用德尔菲法遴选专家进行三轮咨询评价,建构出高校新兴工科设立评价指标体系.指标体系包含5个一级指标、16个二级指标、51个三级指标,适用于对某一拟设立的新兴工科的一般性评价,以及对某一高校是否具备设置某一新兴工科条件的综合评价.以人工智能学科为例进行适用性讨论,验证了所给出的评价指标体系的可行性和有效性,对相关研究和实践具有借鉴价值.

Aggressive crisis, huge risks on the frontiers of science and technology and engineering, and the Jevons paradox are human predicaments found in different fields. This paper explores the basic meaning of and relationship between these three types of predicaments, forming the sixth order expression of the Jevons paradox.The author postulates that the three have common "self-dissolution" characteristics, which can be classified under the "reflexivity" concept of the "risk society" theory. The self-dissolution predicaments jointly refer to the basis of human survival, and "self-dissolution reflexivity" represents the extreme characteristics of a risk society. In this study, some common causes of this dilemma are analyzed and the weak possibility and great difficulty of human beings escaping it are examined, as the crisis is imminent and the opportunity window is rather narrow. Enlightenment and education are necessary prerequisites for arriving at a basic consensus; human beings should act promptly to find a way to escape from or weaken this self-resolving dilemma.

火星表面极端缺氧条件及广泛分布的高氯酸盐所形成的强氧化环境，对人类登陆探测及后续宜居环境建设构成直接威胁.根据对火星表面高氯酸盐分布的探测成果，地球上高氯酸盐生物降解研究进展，以及人类登陆火星对资源和环境的需求，提出了利用生物方法转化火星表面高氯酸盐进行原位制氧的设想与工艺，对其工艺过程、影响因素、关键技术与难点、行星保护与副产物资源化、后续火星环境改造等进行了前瞻性分析，有望在火星上同时实现高氯酸盐无害化处理与氧气原位制备，化害为益，为火星探测提供新思路与新方法.

从知识载体和传承方式视角将工程知识划分为默会知识、物化知识和明言知识,从工程知识形态,工程知识传承方式、特征、历史进程及建制化学校教育等方面的工程知识传承探讨显示:工程知识的发展、演化和传承与人工物的发展演化之间存在相互建构性;工程知识经历了默会传承、演化传承、物化传承和教育传承等几种方式;作为工程知识传承方式的高等工程教育有其实践本性和应然形态.

一、从创新到负责任创新 人猿揖别时,我们的祖先只是打造了一把石刀,而这把石刀中却蕴藏着主体、客体,物质、能量、数据,科学、技术、工程,创新、文化、自然等等,几乎全部人类社会未来的信息.这些信息,随着历史发展,一点一点地清晰、分离、成熟、壮大.其中,狭义的创新概念直到20世纪初的1911年才第一次由熊彼特(Joseph Alois Schumpeter)从经济学的角度提出,而人类广义创新的历史却像人类自身的历史一样久远.

Engineering ethics education is an indispensable part of engineering education, which has become a consensus among many philosophers and engineering educators.Through the co-word analysis of keywords in engineering ethics education on CNKI and WOS da-tabases, the paper finds out the features and trends of domestic research.It has three features: Engineering education reform is the driving force; Moral education and engineering ethics education are confused; The theoretical research is scattered.And three sugges-tions are put forward: firstly, follow the international frontiers and try to localize them; secondly, develop education practice;thirdly, promote multi-disciplinary integration.

对北京理工大学研究生"科学道德和学术诚信"课程的教学目标、教学内容、教学策略等进行了分析和论证.认为科学道德与学术诚信不宜狭隘地理解为科研行为中的学风与诚信,而应扩展到选题、立项、决策、运行等过程的诚信,扩展到预防伦理和负责任创新;作为一门科技与工程伦理类课程,该课程的目标是经由建构世界图景和学术图景进行伦理意识启蒙,唤起文化自觉和责任意识,达致对可持续发展理念下的负责任创新等伦理观念、科学精神和人文精神,提升道德判断和伦理选择能力;教学上,通过建构性的教学策略,提炼关键概念,让学生提升文化自觉和责任意识,形成科技与工程伦理的基础知识结构.

In the horizon of ethics of science, technology and engineering, this article discusses "double closed loops quality assurance system", which is founded in space flight area of China and is a typical case helpful for understanding the concept of "responsible innovation". By looking further back in history in this case study, the concept, connotation, points, problems and measures about "double closed loops quality assurance system" are clarified in order to grasp the essence of it and to expand the value of it. It is revealed that the theory of "double closed loops quality assurance system" from the forefront of science and technology in the East and the theory of the "responsible innovation" theory derived from the European philosophical theory reach the same goal. The lat-ter becomes a sound theoretical basis for the former and the former becomes the way of the latter to realize itself. This fact reflects the characteristics of engineering practice and the inherent consistency of human values.

科技伦理启蒙科技伦理在当下我国处于被遮蔽的状况,在很大程度上尚为一种模糊意识,甚至被主流科技共同体所排斥.这种状况有其复杂的社会历史背景,也不是我国所独有,但却是每个国家都急需改变的现实.因为科技上的伦理不彰所带来的后果已经难以承受,如此前行,趋势将更加可怕.

党的十八大提出：“把生态文明建设放在突出地位，融入经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设各方面和全过程，努力建设美丽中国，实现中华民族永续发展。”这是美丽中国首次作为执政理念提出。对于南京长江大桥保存与否的问题，近年已引发多次争议，当中最为激烈的，莫过于2006年1月在上海举办的关于“长江黄金水道开发”的主题报告会上重庆南京两位副市长的一番舌剑唇枪。有分析指出，两名副市长的言论，都不外关乎一个“利”字，更多考虑的是当地的经济发展建设问题。本文作者从关注自然生态的角度阐述了自己的看法。

: Resources engineering is termed in this paper as the activities, which orients towards the resources reserved in or renewed given by nature or the value hidden in waste materials, for obtaining useful sub-stances for production and daily lives. It is classified into three categories: original ecological resources engineering, which refers to agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery; classical resources engineering, which in-cludes all conventional resources exploitations, like mineral resources mining, water utilization and power genera-tion; circular resources engineering, that is urban mining industry. Besides telling the system of classification, this paper provides an analysis of the interactions between resources engineering and construction and production engineering, defines the industrial and economic activities aiming to extract resources from urban mines as urban mining industry, and emphasizes that the green GDP is the guidelines of the evaluation of the profits of these interactions. Readers from associated fields could find helpful research or management ideas in this integrated study of resources engineering, urban mining industry, circular economy, ecological community, etc.

通过对导论课的分析提出工程导论课课程建设问题;通过对不同工程教育认证标准的比较,确认一个理工科大学培养目标的参考体系,从而确定工程导论课的课程目标;提出以模块分解目标、以功能矩阵标定任务的方式,将课程目标落实到教学过程中;提出工程导论课建设的难点和需要解决的问题.是关于工程导论课课程建设的开创性理论研究,对工程导论课研究和教学实践有指导价值.

This article puts forward a three-dimensional classification of substance engineering and the con-cept of engineering retirement. By means of the analysis of construction engineering, manufacture engineering, resource exploitation engineering, this article interprets major function retirement and entire functions retirement of engineering and provides a relation chart of engineering retirement. With the summary of six kinds of reasons and four kinds of modes of engineering decommissioning, this article discusses possible problems caused by en-gineering retirement and provides some ways to deal with these problems.

Because of the specialty of the contents of popular science books,their authors need have background knowledge of science and technology,to be trained for scientific research.Sometimes they are working in field of scientific research.However,the experience of practice in science may bring some dogmatic ways related to scientific research in their way of thinking and writing habits.General description of the way of scientific research and the way of popularization of science is given,three different levels for good popular science books,and science books with analysis of classical and typical popular science works,studies on the way of thinking about popularization of science is made.