以三类新型农业创业者成功创业经验为案例,探讨乡村振兴视角下新型农业创业人才的培养路径.研究表明,新型农业创业者创业成功的关键在于创业者领导特质及其庇护关系的有效获取,庇护关系的获取途径随创业者领导特质的不同而有所不同;对于庇护关系形成的各利益主体而言,庇护关系获取可归纳为政绩-经济利益型、经济利益-经济利益型、声誉-经济利益型、社区服务-经济利益型以及实践基地-人力资本型等五种.同时基于企业生命周期理论与实践中的五种庇护关系获取过程提炼出创业者创业过程中庇护关系实现路径的雪球效应模型,为实现乡村振兴发展战略的提出对策建议.

风险作为挑战乃至威胁人的生存与发展的各种不确定性及其不可预测性,扎根于人的存在之中,人正是在有风险的科技创造活动中实现自己存在的各种可能性.人的风险存在是系统性的.系统性风险的不断扩散最终把人类推入风险社会,风险治理成为当今全球政治的关键议题.由于风险系统的动态复杂性,当代风险治理存在一些系统性困境.风险治理需要引入系统论方法.人们要有整体思维和长远眼光,注重风险的源头治理,跟踪风险的动态变化并积累经验,加强对各种风险议题的平等对话与民主协商,平衡各种风险利益,以有效应对复杂风险.

存在论揭示,时间是显示存在的内在形式,此即“存在-时间”,它是“自由时间”的基础,人在其中面向未来筹划并实现自身的各种可能性.人类文明的发展需要从根本上控制事物的时间节奏,“存在-时间”转化为“技术-时间”.“技术-时间”使时间摆脱存在与空间的束缚,时间演变为独立的“核算单元”,以适应现代化和资本运行的需要.“技术-时间”为“劳动时间”或“工作时间”奠定基础.时间技术经历了从“时钟时间”到“自决时间”的现代演变,“自由时间”与“工作时间”的冲突不断加深.人们需要从存在论的维度反思时间技术,现代政治哲学探索自由等基本权利时需要加入“自由时间”维度,以扩大公民的“时间福利”.

技术通约化意指现代技术标准统治了社会生产和文化发展,技术成为一种"公度"。自然和社会的各种异质事物,按照现代技术规范和方法被重新塑造为同质的东西,全球各国也紧紧围绕技术展开激烈竞争,人与物的存在呈现出均一化状态。技术通约化思想已经包含在马克思的技术哲学中,并被法兰克福学派和海德格尔等继承和发展。技术通约化思想对当代技术哲学研究具有重要理论价值。

The current people hae stepped into the global risk society,and risk governance has become the urgent task of governments. Risk governance has three basic paths,namely the government macroeconomic regulation and control,privatization and regional autonomous governance. Three paths have advantages and disadvantages,which should be integrated in accordance with the spirit of deliberative democracy. Risk governance has ae traditional law system need to make some adjustment so as to deal with the practical requirement of the risk society' s development.

教学兴趣点设计是思想政治课教学的重要方法之一.教学兴趣点设计是通过在课堂上引入生动的教学素材和安排令人兴奋的教学环节,激活学生的听课状态和教师的教学状态,引发良性互动,从而加强学生对抽象理论的持续学习和深入理解.在实践中,要适度激活学生的兴趣,对素材要细致甄别,要将兴趣点转化为学生深入学习的动力.

Risk is the way of human existence,and it is necessary for us to understand risk from the perspective of ontology.People are thrown into the world and facing with the future they have to plan their lives,with uncertainties about the future and all kinds of new things accompaning them.With uncontrollable uncertainties hard to eliminate,man is bound to adventure.Risk means various uncertainties and unpredictability continually bringing challenges and even threats to human survival and development.The inquiry into and answer to the question of risk is,on the other hand,beneficial in enlightening man to realize his existence.With the in-depth development of modernization,risk is increasingly transformed into danger,which implies the generative logic of contemporary risk society.A status of risk about which we lack historical experience is challenging the global social development.

风险是可能不利于人的存在和发展的各种不确定性及其不可预测性.科学活动本身蕴含风险；现代科学又以“风险合法化”和“风险悬搁”的方式,制造了诸多风险；同时,专家系统主导的风险评估,也可能会带来更高阶风险.现代科学成为当代风险建构的重要力量.社会需要改造现有的专家系统,加强政府监督和民众参与,使专家系统能够对风险治理重新发挥积极作用.

In the process of reform of the current college ideological and political education,some prominent problems emerge unceasingly.We need to establish an effective incentive mechanism to arouse enthusiasm of the teachers' teaching and students' learning,so that it could enable play the role of the ideological and political education.

Confucianism,Taoism,Legalist school and Mohism are the mainstream thoughts of "A Hundred Schools of Thought Contention" in Spring and Autumn period. According to the fundamental principle that thoughts should meet the needs of era development,and based on some major ideas of modern public philosophy,this paper shows how these mainstream thoughts address social development issues raised by the era,thus explains the philosophical foundation on which the spirit of traditional Chinese culture developed.

马克思的思想不仅超越了他以前的唯心主义和唯物主义哲学,而且超越了作为形而上学的整个西方传统哲学,这就是马克思哲学革命的基本性质。这一革命造成两个相关联的重要结果:哲学的终结以及哲学和具体科学的融合。这决定了当代马克思主义哲学的研究方法应该是:深入全球化的时代语境,全面借鉴包括自然科学在内的具体科学的重大研究成果和方法,实现跨学科的交叉融合。

在当前风险研究中,技术风险的界定是当前技术风险研究的理论出发点。技术风险的界定有三个维度,即工程学与人文主义、风险实在论与风险建构论、内生性风险与外源性风险。这些维度应该在多学科视野中整合起来,帮助我们全面理解技术风险。

大力发展乡村先进文化是建设西部社会主义新农村的根本前提和文化基础,西部乡村文化发展的滞后性和传统文化资源的丰富性要求深化对西部乡村文化的研究,研究的理论视角包括西部乡村文化多元格局及其特点、西部乡规民约、风俗习惯、西部乡村农民科技意识、西部乡土文学与民间艺术、西部乡村文化的现代化转型研究等多个方面。

伽德默尔在其英文版《真理与方法》中的"The Rehabilitation of Authority and Tradition"一节,阐明了传统的现代价值以及在现代社会条件下,重新恢复传统的言说力的方法论.在全球化的时代氛围中,这个思想有重大意义.文章在对这一段原著进行重新翻译的基础上,进一步审视了中国传统文化的当代价值,反思了当代中国人解读中国经典思想的方法上的一些失误,初步探索了中国经典文本的现代阐释的方法论基础,这有利于恢复中国传统文化对当代中国社会的话语权,并将为建设社会主义和谐社会提供必要的思想道德基础.

That economic development by science and technology was in conflict with humanism was the major background in which the theory of scientific development of man being the root was put forward.It laid out a developing road in which science and technology civilization is in consistent with humanism.Man being the rootnot only means that people should be considered as the root,but also means everyone's reasonable rights and needs should be respected,consequently,everyone could develop freely and in an all-round way.

维特根斯坦的《逻辑哲学论》是理解他前期思想的惟一线索.通过这部著作,可以看到维特根斯坦前期思想的脉络是:现实世界是事实的总和,可能世界是事态的总和.事实是存在的事态.存在的事态和不存在的事态构成实在;语言是命题的总和,命题是对实在的陈述;这种陈述有真有假;语言是实在的逻辑图像.事实的最小单位是原子事实,由单纯物①构成,原子事实又构成分子事实,分子事实是复合物;相应地,陈述原子事实的原子命题是命题的最小单位(基本命题),复合命题是基本命题的真值函项.单纯物不可言说;此外,命题陈述实在并且和实在共享的逻辑形式是不可言说的;伦理问题是不可言说的.可说的都能说清楚,不可说的必须保持沉默.不可说的是神秘领域,只能通过意志的直觉和体验把握.哲学的任务是为语言划界并进而为思想划界.哲学将不再是生产命题的知识体系,而是解释命题、澄清语言逻辑的思想活动.

There was not only a kind of the economic globalization,but the cultural globalization.The course of the globalization included cultural colonization whose essence had been expansion of west culture with powerful capital and developed technique.In the course there were three stages which had consisted of global expansion of Christianity,thinking of enlightment and American culture.Chinese traditional culture's fate at the age of globalization is not only decided by the relations between Chinese culture and west culture that had determined globalization,but related to the Chinese attitude toward cultural colonization.In the course of the cultural colonization.In the first stage of cultural colonization,Chinese were confident in their culture as ever before;But in the second stage,Chinese traditional culture suffered strong set backs;In the third stage, Chinese traditional culture had the trace of reviving,but if we had allowed the particular background of the age to continue,the fate of Chinese traditional culture would have been complicated and confusing.