This study introduces a novel, well-aligned ZnIn2S4@Ti3C2 MXene/TiO2 hierarchical heterostructure array, fabricated via a multi-step hydrothermal approach, serving as a high-performance photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The results of electron microscopic confirmed the precise formation of this multi-dimensional architecture. The optimized DSSC device attained an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.01 % and a remarkable fill factor (FF) of 73.9 %, representing a significant 28.6 % enhancement over pristine TiO2 nanowire-based devices. This substantial improvement stems from synergistic mechanisms: The incorporation of ZnIn2S4 (ZIS) facilitates enhanced light harvesting across the visible spectrum. Furthermore, the presence of the conductive MXene mediator orchestrates the formation of dual heterojunctions (TiO2/MXene and ZIS/MXene) coupled with Ti3C2/semiconductor Schottky barriers. This unique configuration establishes an efficient electron transport network, significantly prolonging charge carrier lifetimes and suppressing recombination. Notably, the champion device demonstrated outstanding operational stability, retaining 94 % of its initial PCE after 1000 h of continuous operation. This work pioneers the application of a ZIS/Ti3C2/TiO2 ternary system in DSSCs and provides crucial insights for designing heterostructures for advanced photoelectrochemical systems.

This study presents the development and modeling of lead-free KSnI3-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs), employing various combinations of charge transport layers and optimizing the device by integrating different buffer layers (IGZO, Cd0.5Zn0.5S, and 3C–SiC) using the SCAPS-1D tool. Our focus lies in identifying the most suitable electron transport layer (ETL), hole transport layer (HTL), and low-cost, non-toxic buffer layer to enhance (FTO/ETL/buffer layer/KSnI3/HTL/Au) device performance. Through meticulous analysis of multiple device parameters, including layer thicknesses, doping concentrations, and defect densities, we have identified SnO2-ETL, NiO-HTL, and 3C–SiC as the buffer layer, yielding impressive output photovoltaic parameters including power conversion efficiency (PCE of 22.78

The practical commercialization of lead-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been hindered by lead toxicity, despite their low production cost and high efficiency. Recently, researchers have intensified to reduce the toxicity of PSCs by developing alternative lead-free compositions. This study aims to optimize lead-free RbGeI3-based PSC through SCAPS-1D tool, by utilizing pristine TiO2 and TiO2/graphene (Gr) nanocomposite at different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%) as electron transport layer (ETL) and NiO as hole transport layer (HTL). The impact of TiO2+Gr nanocomposite ETLs on PSC performance was examined, focusing on layer thickness, doping concentrations, defect densities in the perovskite layer and at the interfaces, and temperature effect. When pristine TiO2 was used as the ETL, the device exhibited an open circuit voltage (VOC=0.9126V), current density (JSC=31.59 mAcm-2), and power conversion efficiency (PCE=24.91%). However, with the optimal TiO2+Gr(0.5%) ETL, improved carrier transport and reduced interface defects boosted VOC=1.0622V, and JSC=31.98 mAcm-2. This led to a 30.14% enhancement in cell efficiency, resulting in 19% increase in PCE compared to the undoped TiO2-ETL.

This study presents the development and modeling of lead-free KSnI3-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs), employing various combinations of charge transport layers and optimizing the device by integrating different buffer layers (IGZO, Cd0.5Zn0.5S, and 3C-SiC) using the SCAPS-1D tool. Our focus lies in identifying the most suitable electron transport layer (ETL), hole transport layer (HTL), and low-cost, non-toxic buffer layer to enhance (FTO/ETL/buffer layer/KSnI3/HTL/Au) device performance. Through meticulous analysis of multiple device parameters, including layer thicknesses, doping concentrations, and defect densities, we have identified SnO2-ETL, NiO-HTL, and 3C-SiC as the buffer layer, yielding impressive output photovoltaic parameters including power conversion efficiency (PCE of 22.78%), open-circuit voltage (VOC of 1.3923 V), current density (J(SC) of 18.27 mAcm(-2)), and fill factor (FF of 89.57%). These findings underscore the importance of material selection and device optimization in enhancing the efficiency (22.78%) and stability of PSCs, surpassing reported efficiency of up to 20.99%. Our results offer valuable insights into the development of highly efficient KSnI3-based PSCs, contributing to the progression of renewable energy technologies and sustainable resource utilization.

In this work, flexible silica (SiO2) aerogels were prepared, using Methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and Dimethyldiethoxysilane (DMDES) as co-precursor, via two-step acid/base catalyzed sol–gel process and the following ambient pressure drying (APD) process, without using any surfactant. The molar ratio of MTES/DMDES and the concentration of the central silicon, influenced not only on the morphology and physical performance of the final samples, but also on the specific mechanism of the sol–gel chemistry. The results of FTIR, XPS, SEM images, stress-strain curves, etc for the final samples would illustrated these influence. And moreover, based on the similarity between the sol–gel process of siloxanes precursors and the network step polymerization of organic monomers, some basic concepts and theories in organic polymerization, such as the average functionality and Carothers equation, were adopted to discuss the reactive mode of MTES/DMDES co-precursor. Therefore, this work might be helpful for future research into functionally diverse, robust silica aerogels.

为提升教学质量,基于PDCA循环理念,采用线上线下混合式教学模式,从教学模式的构建、教学过程的创新、学习产出的评价等多方面对该课程进行改革.研究表明:在PDCA循环理念下,通过制定合理的学习计划、创新教学方式,构建自查体系,形成以成果优劣为导向的新一轮学习计划的制定能够较好地提升教学质量,有助于学生学习能力的提升,但该教学模式亟需进一步完善.

Despite the apparent benefits of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), such as low-cost preparation, multicolor transparency, and a wide range of practical applications, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) still needs further improvement. In order to maximize the PCE, it is critical to devise an appropriate configuration of the photoanode that encourages charge generation and separation. Here, we have successfully altered the energy level alignment of the photoanode by introducing niobium oxide (Nb2O5) and Ti3C2 quantum dots (MQDs) into the photoanode, which has led to a substantial increase in both photocurrent and efficiency. Nb2O5 and Ti3C2 quantum dots are believed to exhibit higher light absorption, improved carrier separation, and expedited charge transfer due to their distinct band structure and optoelectronic characteristics. The DSSC device constructed with the target composite photoanode shows a remarkable PCE of 7.24%, far surpassing the standard device's efficiency of 4.60%.

在工程教育专业认证背景下,学生的跨学科复合型能力要求越来越被重视,因此如何将学科交叉融合落到实处,对于培养学生的信息技术与传统工业深度融合的理念,进而提升其创新创业能力方面,有着重要的现实意义.本研究以地方应用型本科院校为研究背景,依据学生学习状况、领悟能力、实验室硬件条件、教师能力水平等多重因素,结合先进工程类计算语言环境(Anaconda Python)、先进材料分析测试方法、高性能计算机软硬件系统介绍等,重新设计了针对材料工程类专业的计算机与材料科学跨学科结合课程的特色教学内容体系,并进行了相关的教学改革和探索,以期落实专业认证背景下人才培养方案中强调的跨学科知识应用能力的培养,培养并提升学生的工程应用素质和实践创新能力.

This study presents the synthesis of SrLaInO4 perovskite oxides using a high-temperature solid-phase method under atmospheric pressure, with varying Fe-doping concentrations incorporated during fabrication. The synthesized particles underwent characterization using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, revealing a layered crystal structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were employed to confirm the successful incorporation of Fe into the SrLaInO4 crystal structure. Significantly, Fe-doping was observed to broaden the light absorption range of the perovskite oxide whilst simultaneously reducing the bandgap. When employed as the electron transport layer in dye-sensitized solar cells, Fe-doped SrLaInO4 perovskite exhibited a maximum efficiency of 4.64%, alongside an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.801 V, which was noticeably higher than that observed in identically-prepared cells employing TiO2 as the electron transport layer.

In view of the problems in the teaching process of inorganic materials technology in Anhui University of Science and Technology,this paper proposes a reform plan from the aspects of teaching content and teaching methods:seek common ground while reserving differences between different materials,enhance students′ autonomous learning ability through flipped classrooms,theoretical guidance in practice,practice has proved theory.It is hoped that it can provide reference for the teaching reform of applied undergraduate colleges.

《无机材料物理性能》作为材料专业本科必修核心课程,立足于培养材料研究和工程制造的应用型人才.该课程涉及大量概念定义、物理模型、公式推导和数据计算等内容,若采用传统授课方法单一讲授课本知识,一方面学生会因枯燥难懂的内容产生厌学情绪,另一方面也为教师开展教学活动造成阻碍,导致"传道、授业、解惑"无一能成.基于此,本文基于长期教学创新实践,通过教学现状分析,对教学思路进行系统升级,对教学内容、教学模式及考核内容进行改革创新,从而达到以学生为主,以学为本、以德育人的创新教学目的.

The sluggish diffusion kinetics of divalent Zn 2+ in cathode and the limited availability of active material have seriously hindered the practical application of aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs). Herein, multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified by amorphous carbon layer successfully compounded with MoS 2 (MWCNTs@a-C@MoS 2 ) are designed as the cathode for AZIBs. Benefiting from the large number of oxygenous groups on the loose surface of amorphous carbon, MoS 2 can uniformly nucleate and grow on the MWCNTs, thus avoiding the agglomeration of MoS 2 and improving the utilization of active materials. Therefore, this nanocomposite exhibits long-term cycling stability (78% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 5 A g -1 ) and glorious high-rate capability (110 mAh g -1 at 12 A g -1 ). The electrochemical reaction kinetics of MWCNTs@a-C@MoS 2 electrode were investigated by galvanostatic intermittent titration (GITT) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, indicating its pseudocapacitive behaviors and Zn-ion diffusion coefficients. This electrode also exhibits stable performance in flexible quasi-solid-state AZIBs even under extreme bending conditions, demonstrating its practicality.

To promote the electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption property of conventional magnetic material Co, we synthesized dendritic-like FeCo and rose-like CoNi by a hydrothermal process. The morphology, structure and magnetic properties results reveal that dendritic-like FeCo is consisted of leaf-like unit layers and rose-like CoNi is composed of nano-sheets, and all samples have ferromagnetic behavior. The absorption intensity of dendritic-like FeCo to EM wave can achieve −36.5 dB at 1.0 mm absorber thickness and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of rose-like CoNi is 5.3 GHz at 1.5 mm absorber thickness, which are far better than conventional magnetic material Co. The EM wave absorption mechanisms reveal that favourable impedance matching, multiple reflection and absorption to EM wave in the unique structure promote dendritic-like FeCo and rose-like CoNi show an excellent EM wave absorption capacity at thin absorber thickness. As a result, excellent EM wave absorbing materials can be obtained by optimizing the composition and structure of Co, and this design strategy can also be used to improve the EM wave absorbing properties of other conventional magnetic materials.

The 3D N, S, P-doped C-metal-silicates (C-MSi, M = Ni, Co and Ni/Co) are derived from green algaes (GAs) calcined by N2. Then the alkali etching technique is used to treat the as-synthesized C-MSi by 3 M NaOH aqueous solution for 12 h (e-C-MSi). The electrochemical performance can be significantly improved due to the acquisition of the more hierarchical pores and larger specific surface area by alkali etching. In detail, the e-C-NiSi-3, e-C-CoSi-3 and e-C-NiCoSi-3 show higher specific capacitances and cycling performances than those of C-MSi and e-C-MSi in the three-electrode system. The solid-state hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) devices (C-MSi//AC and e-C-MSi//AC, M = Ni, Co and Ni/Co) are fabricated by the metal-silicates and activated carbon (AC). The e-C-MSi//AC HSC devices exhibit better electrochemical properties than those of C-MSi//AC in the two-electrode system: higher specific capacitances, larger energy densities and better cycle performance. Furthermore, the e-C-NiCoSi-3 and e-C-NiCoSi-3//AC HSC devices show the best electrochemical properties. These results demonstrate that the high-performance supercapacitors can be prepared by the natural GAs using simple method. Alkali etching technique can be used as a conventional and positive method to improve the electrochemical performance of metal-silicates, and can provide electrodes for applying to high-performance SCs.

A facile novel method of alkali etching was proposed to enhance the application of metal-silicates in supercapacitors. First, 3D N, S, P-doped C-zinc-silicate (C-ZnSi), and C-manganese-silicate (C-MnSi) were derived from calcined green algaes (GAs) in a N2 atmosphere. Second, the synthesized products were soaked in a 3.0 M NaOH aqueous solution for alkali etching (soaked for 6, 12 and 24 h) to obtain the etching metal silicates (e-C-ZnSi and e-C-MnSi). This method can yield a higher specific surface area and more pores, and this in turn can improve the electrochemical performance. In the three-electrode system, e-C-ZnSi and e-C-MnSi, which were soaked in NaOH solution for 12 h, exhibited the highest specific capacitances and cycling performance. Solid-state hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) devices were manufactured using C-MSi, e-C-MSi (M = Zn and Mn), and activated carbon (AC) (denoted as C-MSi//AC and e-C-MSi//AC). In the two-electrode system, the e-C-MSi//AC HSC devices exhibited higher areal specific capacitances and energy densities and better cycle performance than those of C-MSi//AC, especially e-C-MSi//AC-12 h HSC devices, which exhibited the best electrochemical properties. This study demonstrated that the naturally polluted GAs can be used as a reusable silica source for the synthesis of supercapacitors. Furthermore, alkali etching can enhance the electrochemical performance of metal silicates and can be used to prepare electrode materials applied for high-performance supercapacitors.

"材料生产与创业"课程在应用型人才培养过程中发挥着重要作用.针对安徽科技学院"材料生产与创业"课程教学过程中出现的问题,从教学内容、教学方式等方面提出"材料生产与创业"教学改革方案:学生自选课题-满足学生兴趣要求;多人授课-术业有专攻;翻转课堂-增强学生自主学习能力;从理论到实践-增强学生动手能力并激发创新创业热情.

"材料分析与测试技术"实验课程是高校无机非金属材料工程专业十分重要的核心课程之一.当下,高校在开展该课程实验教学时,往往存在实验教学结构组成不合理、实验教学模式固定、实验过程中学生动手较少以及实验考核评估模式不科学等较多问题.为了进一步提高"材料分析与测试技术"实验课程教学效果,强化学生的实践操作能力与创新能力,高校需要不断完善实验教学架构、创新实验课程教学模式、设定对学生开放的实验室、构建健全的实验课程考核评估体制,从不同方面入手改善"材料分析与测试技术"实验课程教学效果.

To obtain the high-efficiency electromagnetic (EM) wave absorber, we synthesized a series of urchin-like Ni decorated reduced graphene oxide (urchin-like Ni/RGO) composites by a one-step method. The morphology and structure characterization results reveal that plenty of urchin-like Ni particles attached on the surface of RGO and their spiny protrusion are more pronounced than the pure urchin-like Ni. The EM wave absorption results indicate that the content of RGO directly affects their EM wave absorption performance. The effective absorption bandwidths of Ni/RGO-30 are 2.0 GHz and 2.3 GHz when the matching thicknesses are 2.0 mm and 2.5 mm, respectively. The optimal RL value of Ni/RGO-50 is - 34.8 dB with a matching thickness of 2.5 mm and the minimum RL values are all less than - 20.0 dB with the matching thicknesses of 2.0-5.5 mm. For Ni/RGO-70, the optimal RL value is -39.8 dB and the absorption bandwidth (RL < -10 dB) is 2.7 GHz with 2.0 mm matching thickness. Such excellent EM wave absorption performance primarily comes from their strong dielectric loss capacity. Based on the EM wave absorption performance and mechanism analysis, it is believed that as-synthesized urchin-like Ni/RGO can be used as a promising EM wave absorber.

埃瓦尔德球理论是X射线衍射学中用以说明在晶体中衍射发生条件的重要理论,针对该理论的良好理解,有助于相关专业学生在材料分析学课程后期的学习中深入理解和掌握各种形式的衍射技术的原理、设备以及分析方法等内容.为了强化教学效果,在合理设计教学用矢量模型的基础上,我们通过引入diffractOgram程序以设计多学科交叉教学案例,通过案例法教学,能够在充分演示埃瓦尔德球衍射理论的同时,进一步使学生强化各种形式的衍射(劳厄法、转动晶体法等)的原理、结果的解释乃至结晶学专用程序的理解,训练学生前后联系学习的能力,从而收到了良好的教学效果.