The conventional therapeutic approaches for oral diseases primarily encompass dental restoration, pulp therapy, and maxillofacial surgical interventions. However, these methods are difficult to promote tissue regeneration and immune regulation. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos), mainly derived from tissues such as bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord, placenta, and fat, have been used to study the treatment of oral diseases. Conventional MSCs-Exos have relatively low immunogenicity and ethical issues, but exosomes derived from dental mesenchymal stem cells (DSCs) not only have abundant sources but also lower immunogenicity, which can circumvent ethical restrictions. This review aims to comprehensively investigate the isolation and characterization methods of exosomes derived from dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (DSC-Exos) as well as their sources and biological properties. It further reviews recent advances in their application within the field of stomatology and summarizes various material-based delivery systems for exosomes. Particular emphasis is placed on their therapeutic potential in inflammatory conditions such as pulpitis, periodontitis, temporomandibular joint disorders, and immune-related diseases, as well as the application prospects of inducing cell directional differentiation in pulp-dentin complex regeneration, jawbone repair, and soft tissue regeneration. In addition, we have reviewed here some possible applications of DSC-Exos to prevent orthodontic relapse and treat oral cancer. The DSC-Exos play multiple roles, including anti-inflammatory activity, immunomodulatory effect, and tissue regeneration, and have a great potential in the clinical treatment of oral inflammation, tissue defects, and immune dysregulation. Their therapeutic efficacy could also be improved by combining them with other biomaterials.

The characteristic oral environment – with its dynamic clearance, moisture, microbial load, and inflammatory potential – makes oral diseases highly prevalent and therapeutically challenging. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), an emerging class of inorganic–organic hybrid porous coordination materials, have become pivotal in modern biomedical engineering due to their facile synthesis, high surface area, large loading capacity, exceptional ion storage capability, tunable composition and pore size, and pH-responsive behaviour. To further enhance their performance, bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (BMOFs) have been constructed by incorporating two metal ions with functionalized organic ligands. Leveraging synergistic multimetallic effects and structural tunability, BMOFs exhibit significant potential in biomedical applications, including antibacterial activity, catalysis, and drug delivery. Exploratory applications of BMOFs in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases have already emerged, spanning periodontitis management, caries prevention, oral tissue regeneration, and targeted cancer therapy. Nevertheless, challenges remain in terms of biosafety, long-term stability, in vivo degradation behaviour, and scalable fabrication. This review summarizes the synthesis strategies and functionalization approaches of BMOFs, the selection of metal pairs, and their synergistic mechanisms, with a focus on their applications in oral biofilm infections, inflammatory diseases, oromaxillofacial bone tissue engineering scaffolds, and cancer therapy. Additionally, it discusses current challenges related to biocompatibility, technical limitations, and the clinical translation of these technologies. By correlating the fundamental design principles of BMOFs with the diagnostic and therapeutic demands of oral diseases, this review aims to facilitate translational research and promote the development of BMOFs as innovative and efficient strategies for addressing a range of oral pathologies.

Sericin is a waste material from the silk production process, researchers its found to have good biological activity and is widely used in tissue engineering. The aim of this paper is to summarize the biological applications of sericin in the field of bone tissue engineering and their research progress. Randomized controlled trials, prospective or retrospective clinical studies, case series and reports, and systematic evaluations. MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords. Sericin, has the ability to promote cell proliferation and angiogenesis. It also has excellent bone regenerative properties such as promoting osteoblast differentiation. Sericin itself has excellent physicochemical properties and can be processed into materials with different properties for bone regeneration engineering. Bone defects due to various skeletal diseases or surgical needs, etc are a major challenge for clinical treatment. Modern tissue engineering using synthetic osteogenic active materials offers another therapeutic option for bone defects, and sericin is expected to play a greater role as a promising biological material.

Combined radiation and wound injury (CRWI), caused by the interaction between radiation and trauma, presents major challenges to wound healing and is a key focus in trauma and radiation medicine. This study developed a microsphere-encapsulated composite hydrogel loaded with leptin (LP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to enhance CRWI wound healing. Drug-loaded sodium alginate (SA) microspheres were fabricated using the emulsion cross-linking method and integrated into thermosensitive Pluronic hydrogel to form the VEGF/LP-SA@P nanodelivery system. The microspheres’ physicochemical properties were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), rheometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. The results showed that the microspheres had an intact structure with uniform size distribution, LP and VEGF encapsulation efficiencies of 48.01

OBJECTIVE:This review systematically summarizes recent advances in plasma applications for dentin bonding, antibacterial enhancement, and implant surface modification. DATA:A systematic literature search was conducted across four electronic databases: Medline via PubMed, Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, and Web of Science. The search was performed from inception until August 2025. SOURCES:154 publications were included in this review. STUDY SELECTION:The keywords used included combinations of MeSH and free-text terms such as 'cold atmospheric pressure plasma', 'CAP', 'dentin bonding', 'antibacterial', and 'implant surface modification'. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, followed by full-text evaluation. Disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. Inclusion criteria were: (1) original research articles, (2) studies involving CAP in prosthodontics, (3) published in English. Exclusion criteria included: case reports, editorials, and conference abstracts. CONCLUSION:CAP can enhance the penetration and polymerization of resin monomers in dentin bonding, improve bond strength, and reduce microleakage due to its highly active substances. Additionally, CAP has exhibited notable antibacterial properties, as its reactive oxygen and nitrogen effectively inactivate oral bacteria and biofilm, thereby reducing the likelihood of drug resistance. Furthermore, CAP treatment may enhance implant surface properties, promote osseointegration, lower infection risk, and promote soft-tissue healing. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE:CAP is anticipated to address the challenges encountered in prosthodontics, including dentin bonding, antimicrobial properties, and implant surface modification. Consequently, CAP is expected to provide an innovative solution for the functionalization and longevity of dental restorations with the prospect of future chairside application.

Mandibular bone defects are a common clinical challenge for oral surgeons, and extensive research has been dedicated to developing bone scaffold substitutes. 3D printing is a common strategy for constructing personalized scaffolds to treat mandibular defects. Carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and bacterial cellulose (BC) were used to construct composites with 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 wt% gradients. Based on physicochemical properties, bioactivity, and osteogenic performance, 1 wt% MWCNT@BC was selected as the optimal filler for polycaprolactone (PCL). A novel top-heating 3D printing method was employed to construct a bone tissue engineering scaffold that exhibited a suitable scaffold morphology and enhanced mechanical properties, with a compressive strength reaching 85.99 ± 10.03 MPa. Cellular experiments demonstrated that the scaffold possessed good biocompatibility, cell adhesion properties, and effective osteoinductive performance. This was corroborated by a rat mandibular defect model that showed excellent biocompatibility and mandibular repair capabilities in vivo. In conclusion, this study addressed the previously unexplored impact of determined dispersion levels of MWCNTs on BC when used as a filler in PCL to ultimately offer new insights into their functional and regenerative potential. Furthermore, we established a novel three-dimensional (3D) printed bone tissue engineering scaffold, offering a new approach for the clinical treatment of mandibular bone defects.

Ferroptosis, caused by abnormal iron metabolism and lipid peroxidation, has been linked to pathogenic processes in several disorders. Its function and regulating mechanisms in periodontitis are still unclear, nevertheless. As a naturally derived phenolic diterpenoid molecule, carnosic acid (CA) serves multiple biological roles, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective properties. Its potential for intervention in periodontitis and ferroptosis warrants further exploration. In this investigation, we combined network pharmacology analysis with in vitro and in vivo experimental validation to systematically evaluate the mechanism of action of CA intervention in periodontitis. Through an intersectional analysis of drug targets, ferroptosis-related genes, and periodontitis-related genes, potential core targets were identified, and GO/KEGG enrichment analysis was performed. The results suggest that Nrf2 is at the core of the protein interaction network and is significantly enriched in antioxidant response and iron homeostasis regulation pathways. Subsequently, changes in ROS, MDA, GSH, SOD, Fe²⁺, and other indicators, as well as the expression of ferroptosis-related indicators (GPX4, SLC7A11, FTH1), were detected in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cell models and rat periodontal ligation models. The key role of Nrf2 was verified using the Nrf2-specific inhibitor ML385. Network pharmacology results indicate that ferroptosis is crucial in the potential mechanism of CA action on periodontitis. Nrf2 is the core regulatory molecule connecting CA, periodontitis, and ferroptosis. The experimental results revealed that CA dramatically lowered ROS and MDA levels in cells and periodontal tissues, inhibited the accumulation of Fe²⁺, elevated the contents of GSH and SOD, and GPX4, SLC7A11, and FTH1 expression. Mechanistic studies have found that CA restores the antioxidant and iron homeostasis regulatory system by activating the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling axis, thereby inhibiting the vicious cycle of ferroptosis. After Nrf2 was blocked by ML385, the anti-ferroptosis and anti-inflammatory effects of CA were significantly weakened. The current research is the first to elucidate that CA can alleviate periodontitis pathological damage by suppressing ferroptosis via activating the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling axis. This enriches the pharmacological action spectrum of CA and provides new targets and a theoretical basis for periodontitis intervention strategies based on ferroptosis regulation.

Background The oral microbiota is a diverse and complex community that maintains a delicate balance. When this balance is disturbed, it can lead to acute and chronic infectious diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis, significantly affecting people’s quality of life. Developing a new antimicrobial strategy to deal with the increasing microbial variability and resistance is important. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), as the fourth state of matter, has gradually become a hot topic in the field of biomedicine due to its good antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor capabilities. It is expected to become a major asset in the regulation of oral microbiota.Methods We conducted a search in PubMed, Medline, and Wiley databases, focusing on studies related to CAP and oral pathogenic microorganisms. We explored the biological effects of CAP and summarized the antimicrobial mechanisms behind it.Results Numerous articles have shown that CAP has a potent antimicrobial effect against common oral pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses, primarily due to the synergy of various factors, especially reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.Conclusions CAP is effective against various oral pathogenic microorganisms, and it is anticipated to offer a new approach to treating oral infectious diseases. The future objective is to precisely adjust the parameters of CAP to ensure safety and efficacy, and subsequently develop a comprehensive CAP treatment protocol. Achieving this objective is crucial for the clinical application of CAP, and further research is necessary.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but severe side effect in patients treated with medications such as Bisphosphonates (BPs). Its pathophysiological mechanism needs to be more precise. Establishing preventive measures and treatment standards is necessary. This study aimed to develop a composite hydrogel scaffold constituted by methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), methacrylated heparin (HepMA) and PRF, and investigate its potential application value in the prevention of MRONJ. GelMA, HepMA, and PRF were prepared using specific ratios for hydrogel scaffolds. Through mechanical properties and biocompatibility analysis, the release rate of growth factors and the ability to promote bone differentiation in vitro were evaluated. To explore the healing-enhancing effects of hydrogels in vivo, the composite hydrogel scaffold was implanted to the MRONJ rat model. Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) and histological examination were conducted to evaluate the bone morphology and tissue regeneration. The Hep/GelMA-PRF hydrogel improved the degradation rate and swelling rate. It was also used to control the release rate of growth factors effectively. In vitro, the Hep/GelMA-PRF hydrogel was biocompatible and capable of reversing the inhibitory effect of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1s. In vivo, the micro-CT analysis and histological evaluation demonstrated that the Hep/GelMA-PRF group exhibited the best tissue reconstruction. Moreover, compared to the ZOL group, the expression of osteogenesis proteins, including osteocalcin (OCN), type collagen I (Col I), and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in the Hep/GelMA-PRF group were all significantly upregulated (P < 0.05). The Hep/GelMA-PRF hydrogel scaffold could effectively control the release rate of growth factors, induce osteogenic differentiation, reduce inflammation, and keep a stable microenvironment for tissue repair. It has potential application value in the prevention of MRONJ.

OBJECTIVES:This study aims to investigate and predict the therapeutic agents associated with disulfidptosis in periodontitis. DESIGN:The dataset GSE10334 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and used to train a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) algorithm to identify genes associated with disulfidptosis in periodontitis. GSE16134 validation sets, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gingival immunofluorescence were used to verify the results.Single-gene Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the potential mechanisms and functions of the characterized genes. Immune infiltration and correlation analyses were performed, and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks were constructed. Effective therapeutic drugs were then predicted using the DGIdb database, and molecular docking was used to validate binding affinity. RESULTS:Six genes (SLC7A11, SLC3A2, RPN1, NCKAP1, LRPPRC, and NDUFS1) associated with disulfidptosis in periodontitis were obtained. Validation results from external datasets and experiments were consistent with the screening results. Single-gene GSEA analysis was mainly enriched for antigen presentation and immune-related pathways and functions.Immune infiltration and correlation analyses revealed significant regulatory relationships between these genes and plasma cells, resting dendritic cell, and activated NK cells. The ceRNA network was visualized. And ME-344, NV-128, and RILUZOLE, which have good affinity to target genes, were identified as promising agents for the treatment of periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS:SLC7A11, SLC3A2, RPN1, NCKAP1, LRPPRC, and NDUFS1 are targets associated with disulfidptosis in periodontitis, and ME-344, NV-128, and RILUZOLE are promising agents for the treatment of periodontitis.

Disulfidptosis is a newly discovered cell death pattern that has been less studied in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC). Exploring the molecular features of different subtypes of HNSCC based on disulfidptosis-associated genes (DAGs) is important for HNSCC. In addition, immunotherapy plays a pivotal role in the treatment of HNSCC. Exploring the sensitivity of immunotherapies and developing predictive models is essential for HNSCC. We analyzed the expression and mutational status of DAGs in 790 HNSCC patients and correlated the dates with clinical prognosis. HNSCC patients were divided into 2 groups based on their DAG expression. The relationship between DAGs, risk genes, and the immune microenvironment was analyzed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. A disulfidptosis risk model was constructed based on 5 risk genes using the LASSO COX method. To facilitate the clinical applicability of the proposed risk model, we constructed column line plots and performed stem cell correlation analysis and antitumor drug sensitivity analysis. Two different disulfidptosis-associated clusters were identified using consistent unsupervised clustering analysis. Correlations between multilayer DAG alterations and clinical characteristics and prognosis were observed. Then, a well-performing disulfidptosis-associated risk model (DAG score) was developed to predict the prognosis of HNSCC patients. We divided patients into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the DAG score and found that patients in the low-risk group were more likely to survive than those in the high-risk group (P < .05). A high DAG score implies higher immune cell infiltration and increased mutational burden. Also, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that the DAG score was an independent prognostic predictor for patients with HNSCC. Subsequently, a highly accurate predictive model was developed to facilitate the clinical application of DAG scores, showing good predictive and calibration power. Overall, we present a comprehensive overview of the DAG profile in HNSCC and develop a new risk model for the therapeutic status and prognosis of patients with HNSCC. Our findings highlight the potential clinical significance of DAG and suggest that disulfidptosis may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with HNSCC.

This study aimed to investigate the potential of chrysin (C) to induce osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. Chitosan (CS) was dissolved by repeated freeze-thawing of alkali/urea solutions, followed by co-printing of nano-hydroxyapatite (HAP) powders with different concentrations of C solutions (5, 10, and 20 µmol/L) compounded into CS solution. Its rheological properties were modified with acetic acid/gelatin solution to construct C-CS-HAP (C-CS-H) composite scaffolds by extrusion printing technology. Physicochemical characterization showed that the four groups of scaffolds had regularly interconnected porous structures with pore diameters of about 450–600 µm, and the novel bioink exhibited shear-thinning properties, with the viscosity of the material decreasing in the shear rates range of 0.01–1000 s−1 and thus good printability. The osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs was confirmed by the CCK-8 test, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test, Alizarin Red staining (ARS) test, osteogenesis-related genes OCN, ALP, Runx 2, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) test, which showed a significant promotion of the osteogenic differentiation ability of BMSCs with the increase of the content of C. The above results indicate the potential of C-CS-H composite scaffolds in osteogenesis.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease that can easily lead to bone fractures. Berberine has been shown to be effective in treating osteoporosis. This study was conducted to identify the potential mechanism of berberine in treating this complaint. We screened potential targets of berberine and identified the osteoporosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the microarray dataset GSE56815. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction, hub targets identification, and pathway enrichment were carried out to find the potential targets. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were performed to verify the combination of berberine with its treatment-related central targets. In addition, SwissADME preliminarily evaluated the physicochemical properties of berberine. Through data mining, 23 osteoporosis-related targets of berberine were selected. PPI and module analyses suggested that AKT1, MAPK1, ESR1, AR, TP53, and PTGS2 are the core targets of berberine. Docking and molecular dynamics studies showed that berberine could stably bind to core proteins to form a protein–ligand complex. The enrichment analysis showed that the estrogen signaling pathway and thyroid hormone signaling pathway play important roles in curing osteoporosis. To sum up, berberine primarily acts on AKT1, MAPK1, ESR1, AR, TP53, and PTGS2, mainly regulating the estrogen and thyroid hormone signaling pathways to treat osteoporosis in a multi-target, multi-pathway, and multi-system manner.

Bone scaffolds play an important role in promoting the healing of large bone defects. However, the type of scaffold material, type of drug loaded into the scaffold, and method of preparation have a significant impact on the scaffold's properties. In this study, we developed a composite scaffold comprising sodium alginate (SA), chitosan (CS), and hydroxyapatite (HA). The composite stent carries vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), wrapped in internal microspheres, and vancomycin (VAN). The microspheres are wrapped in an outer matrix formed by SA, CS, and HA, whereas the outer matrix carries VAN. Using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy analyses, we studied the contraction rate, swelling, porosity, mechanical properties, degradation, and drug release ability of all the composite scaffolds. The best scaffold, as demonstrated by the results of these studies, was the HA 6 (SA/CS) 4 @VAN/VEGF scaffold. The antibacterial ability of the HA 6 (SA/CS) 4 @VAN/VEGF scaffold was determined using Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ). Cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, and osteogenic properties of the HA 6 (SA/CS) 4 @VAN/VEGF scaffold were studied using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The results indicate that the HA 6 (SA/CS) 4 @VAN/VEGF scaffold exhibits good physical, chemical, antibacterial, and osteogenic properties, and is, thus, a new type of bone scaffold composite material with good osteogenic potential.

Using vacuum freeze-drying technology, composite scaffolds were fabricated by mixing different: mass fractions of nano-lithium magnesium silicate (nLMS) with chitosan and sodium alginate. Results showed that the composite scaffolds were porous solids possessing morphological plasticity, the longitudinal section of the composite scaffold was lamellar, the structure was loose and the internal pores were highly connected. With the increase of nLMS content, the porosity of the composite scaffold decreased and then increased. When the mass fraction of nLMS solution was 3%, both the swelling ratio and the degradation rate of the composite scaffold were the lowest. Besides, the addition of nLMS reduced the toxicity of the composite scaffold. The optimal mass fraction of nLMS solution to prepare the composite scaffold is 3%.

Caries and dental erosion are common oral diseases. Traditional treatments involve the mechanical removal of decay and filling but these methods are not suitable for cases involving large-scale enamel erosion, such as hypoplasia. To develop a noninvasive treatment, promoting remineralisation in the early stage of caries is of considerable clinical significance. Therefore, biomimetic mineralisation is an ideal approach for restoring enamel. Biomimetic mineralisation forms a new mineral layer that is tightly attached to the surface of the enamel. This review details the state-of-art achievements on the application of amelogenin and non-amelogenin, amorphous calcium phosphate, ions flow and other techniques in the biomimetic mineralisation of enamel. The ultimate goal of this review was to shed light on the requirements for enamel biomineralisation. Hence, herein, we summarise two strategies of biological minimisation systems for in situ enamel restoration inspired by amelogenesis that have been developed in recent years and compare their advantages and disadvantages.

The composite scaffold material was constructed by freeze-drying technology from graphene oxide, sodium alginate and chitosan. The effects of graphene oxide content on the microstructure, porosity, swelling ratio, in vitro degradation performance, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the scaffold materials were studied to determine the optimal graphene oxide content in the composite scaffold. The results show that the composite material has a solid sponge-like structure with a certain morphological plasticity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations show that each group of supports has a three-dimensional network structure. As the content of graphene oxide increased, the pore size gradually decreased and the pore wall thickness increased, the swelling ratio and degradation rate of the composite scaffold gradually decreased while the mechanical strength was significantly enhanced. Results of in vitro cytotoxicity showed that when the graphene oxide content was 0.3% (mass fraction), the cell survival rate was the highest, and when the graphene oxide content increased, the cell activity was significantly inhibited, causing cell death. Finally, the optimal content of graphene oxide in the composite scaffold is 0.3%. Our research lays a good foundation for the application of graphene oxide in bone tissue engineering materials.

淋巴囊肿是女性盆腔恶性肿瘤术后最常见的并发症之一.选择术中局部应用生物制剂(如纤维蛋白封闭剂、明胶凝血酶基质和氨基丙烯酸正丁酯)、前哨淋巴结活检术、腹膜开放法、网膜成形术、术后应用奥曲肽及术后使用中药大黄、芒硝外敷联合内服等多种方法可降低术后淋巴囊肿的发生率;超声引导下穿刺引流术、中药大黄、芒硝外敷和超声介导下注入硬化剂(乙醇、聚桂醇和博来霉素等)是目前治疗淋巴囊肿的常用方法.此外,饮食调整和手术治疗也是治疗淋巴囊肿行之有效的方法.现总结近年来女性盆腔恶性肿瘤患者术中和术后预防及治疗盆腔淋巴囊肿的多种方法,对比分析其有效性及优缺点,从而总结出降低淋巴囊肿发生率及提高淋巴囊肿治愈率的有效方法,为临床促进淋巴漏口的愈合及预防淋巴囊肿的发生提供参考.

A graded porous structure SnO2/ZnO composite was prepared with sunflower rods as a biological template. The prepared samples were subjected to phase analysis by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffractiometry(XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). ZnO sample was a pure phase of hexagonal wurtzite, and the template had been completely removed. The surface of the sample presented a honeycomb-like structure of a sunflower rod template, which was formed by interconnecting the porous channels, and had a smaller average size and exhibited n-n heterojunction at the n-type ZnO interface. Compared with that of pure ZnO, the response of the hierarchical porous structure SnO2/ZnO composite to 100 mg/L n-butanol reached a maximum of 40.61 at 240 °C, about 2.7 times higher than that of pure ZnO. Its response time and recovery time are 6 and 3 s, respectively, which are also better than those of pure ZnO. SnO2/ZnO composite exhibits good gas selectivity, which is related to the improvement of the structure and the forming of n-n heterojunctions of the material.

脂肪肉瘤是一种常见的软组织肉瘤,分为四种亚型:非典型性脂肪瘤性肿瘤/高分化脂肪肉瘤（ALT/WDL）,去分化脂肪肉瘤（DDLPS）,多形性脂肪肉瘤和黏液样脂肪肉瘤[1]。脂肪肉瘤通常发生于四肢、腹膜后、精索、睾丸、胸腔、乳房、纵隔、网膜、肠系膜等[2]。其中腹膜后脂肪肉瘤早期并无明显临床症状,通常在体检时偶然发现,由于其发生在腹膜后,故女性患者容易误诊为妇科肿瘤,且较为罕见。本文结合相关文献阐述1例巨大右侧腹膜后并累及同侧臀部的ALT/WDL,虽位置不同,但具有同源性。