化工原理是化学工程与工艺及相关专业的一门专业基础课.互联网给社会各行各业都带来了巨大改变.因此,利用互联网资源丰富、交互性强的优势,对化工原理教学模式进行了改革,加强化工原理课程思政建设,强化化工原理教学内容直观性,提高学生教学参与度,使学生由被动学习转向主动学习.

生物医用高分子材料具有较好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,在生物医学领域中得到了广泛的应用和发展.生物医用高分子材料的种类较多,其合成工艺也在不断地发展.为了适应日益提高的应用需求,需要对其进行改性,扩大其应用范围.因此,综述了生物医用高分子材料合成与改性的研究进展,简要论述生物医用高分子材料及其合成方法,对链增长聚合和逐步增长聚合方法在生物医用高分子材料的制备应用的实例进行了介绍.重点阐述了生物医用高分子材料响应性改性的方法,主要包括亲水性改性、磁响应性改性和pH响应性改性,并且对以上响应性材料改性方法的应用进行了较为详细的介绍.最后,对多重响应性聚合物制备技术的发展方向进行展望.

高分子药物递送载体材料具有良好的生物相容性和生物可降解性,可以有选择性的释放药物,以提高药物利用率和降低药物的副作用,因此,高分子药物递送载体材料已成为当前的研究热点.聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)是一种绿色的高分子材料,具有优异的溶解性和低毒性,在医用材料领域具有广泛的应用.主要介绍了高分子药物递送载体材料的基本特性,并对聚乙烯吡咯烷酮的特性、合成、改性以及应用进行了较详细的论述,最后对其发展和应用前景进行了展望.

生物可降解聚合物/药物纳米微粒在药物靶向递送、有效成分封装和医疗诊断等领域具有突出的优势.超临界流体超细微粒制备技术具有绿色环保、制备方法种类多、粒径易调节和后续分离纯化容易等特点,得到了广泛的研究.为了得到满足使用要求的聚合物/药物纳米微粒,超临界流体制粒技术是有效的手段之一.论述了生物可降解聚合物纳米材料的特点和应用情况,简要介绍了超临界流体及特性,重点介绍了超临界溶液快速膨胀(RESS)、超临界抗溶剂沉淀(SAS)、超临界CO2辅助雾化(SAA)和超临界流体乳液萃取(SFEE)的工艺特点、制备方法、基本原理和研究进展,并对超临界流体技术制备聚合物/药物纳米微粒的发展方向进行了展望.

中药治乙肝的历史十分悠久.以乙肝核衣壳蛋白,聚合酶以及HBx蛋白为靶点,用分子对接软件iGEMDOCK和Ledock对艾叶组分进行了研究.结果表明,艾叶组分对HBx蛋白的抑制作用较强,对核衣壳蛋白和聚合酶抑制作用较弱.在艾叶中,多种组分对靶点蛋白有抑制作用,其中quercetin对三个靶点均有较强的抑制作用.

p53蛋白是一种肿瘤抑制蛋白,在人体内有重要的功能.本文通过分子模拟研究了金属离子Na+,K+,Ca2+,Mg2+,Zn2+对p53蛋白的影响.模拟结果显示,Mg2+离子导致p53蛋白RMSD值较大,说明Mg2+引起蛋白质构象变化较大.Mg2+影响p53蛋白核心区域与DNA结合能力,最终会影响p53蛋白功能.

生物医用材料脂肪族聚酯具有优良的生物相容性、可再生性、可吸收性以及生物可降解性等特点,在医疗、医药、组织工程以及医学检测等领域受到了广泛的关注.通过接枝改性等方法引入具有一定特殊性能的功能基团或改变聚合物的形状,可以改善脂肪族聚酯的性能,获得更加广泛的用途.简述了脂肪族聚酯及其特性,对其改性方法进行了论述,对其实际应用进行了简要介绍,最后对脂肪族聚酯的应用前景及发展趋势进行了展望.

由于生物医用材料具有良好的生物相容性、生物降解性、多功能性和机械加工性等特点,在医学、生物学、药剂学和食品等领域得到了越来越多的关注.为了改善生物医用材料的性能,使其获得更加广泛的用途,功能化生物医用材料是有效的手段之一.对功能化生物医用材料进行了概述,介绍了功能化医用材料的分类,论述了近年来功能化生物医用材料的发展情况,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望.

乙型肝炎是一种难康复的传染性疾病,柴胡是一味常见的治疗乙型肝炎的中药.本文以乙肝病毒核蛋白为靶点,用分子对接技术研究了柴胡中抗乙肝病毒的有效成分.研究结果表明,柴胡中含有抑制乙肝病毒的成分.其中Petunidin等组分与乙肝病毒核蛋白对接效果较好,能够有效的抑制乙肝病毒复制.Saikosaponin类组分不符合Lipinski类药规则,不易被人体吸收和代谢,限制了该组分抑制乙肝病毒作用的发挥.

生物医用绿色载体材料因其独特的结构和优异的性能,被广泛应用于医药、医疗和食品等领域,并发挥着越来越多的作用.特别是生物医用载体材料用于药物递送系统,可用载体材料将抗癌药物包裹在内,靶向、缓释和控释递送药物至肿瘤部位,有效治疗癌症,并且避免对人体正常组织的毒副作用,生物医用材料载药微球已是当前的研究热点之一.主要论述了天然以及合成的生物医用载体材料,对目前新型医用载体的制备以及应用进行了介绍,并对目前抗癌药物载体存在的问题进行的归纳总结,对其研究方向也进行了展望.

In this work, drug-loaded polymer microparticles were prepared by a supercritical solution impregnation (SSI) process with nitrendipine as the model drug and PLLA-PEG-PLLA as the drug carrier. The morphology, size, distribution and functional groups of the drug-loaded microparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser particle size analyzer and fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR). The effects of pressure, temperature and cosolvent concentration on the drug loading and release property of the microparticles prepared with and without cosolvent were investigated. The in vitro drug release kinetics of drug-loaded microparticles was studied with five models. The results indicated that the morphology of the drug-loaded polymer microparticles was not influenced by the SSI process. And the addition of ethanol cosolvent could significantly improve the drug loading of the microparticles. The most satisfied drug loading and the release properties of the microparticles were achieved under 55 °C, 13 MPa and cosolvent ethanol concentration of 3%. The drug could be released for more than 140 h. The analysis of the drug release kinetics showed that the experimental data fitted with Ritger-Peppas model were optimal. According to the release exponent value, the in vitro release process of the nitrendipine-loaded microparticles was controlled by Fickian diffusion, which can provides a theoretical basis for drug release of this type of experiment.

基于工程教育专业认证对高校工程类学生培养提出的要求,化工安全工程课程需要不断探索教学模式,在培养具有合格工程安全知识的基础上,更要培养良好的工程安全素养.本文在教学内容、方法及考核等方面进行了探索,取得了较好的成果.学生工程知识与技能得到提高、安全素质意识得以建立.

绿色环保材料β-环糊精因其独特的结构和优异的性能,被广泛应用于医药、医疗和环境等领域,并发挥着越来越多的作用.介绍了β-环糊精及其衍生物的优良特性,对β-环糊精的几种改性原理及方法进行了简要介绍,重点综述了其纳米微粒的制备方法,以及其近几年在医学与环境等领域的应用研究成果,最后对β-环糊精改性微粒抗肿瘤效果的研究工作提出了建议,并对拓展其应用的改性方法进行了展望.

本文对超临界CO2-甲醇和超临界CO2-乙醇体系的溶质偏摩尔体积进行了分子模拟.模拟值同实验值能够较好的吻合,变化趋势也基本符合同实验值变化趋势,这表明分子模拟能够较好的模拟该超临界CO2-共溶剂体系.在临界压力附近,模拟值与实验值存在一定差距,这需要提高模拟力场在临界点的精度.

Enzymatic synthesis of biodegradable polyester is a new polymerization method,which has high efficient under the mild conditions,and it has many advantages over the traditional method.However,the method still has many defects,such as poor biocompatibility,poor mechanical properties and low molecular weight.In this article,an overview of progress on enzymatic synthesis of aliphatic polyesters in the past 10 years is provided.The mechanism of ring opening polymerization,copolymerization and condensation polymerization is introduced respectively.The research progresses are introduced,which are aimed to improve the efficiency and activated of enzyme,reduce the temperature of reaction and the toxic ofbiomedicalmaterials,increase conversion rate ofmaterials and molecular weight ofproducts,enhance hydrophilicity of products and develop the new application for the materials,by using the methods of the immobilization of enzymes,functionalization and regulation of branched-chain.In addition,the advantages and disadvantages of enzymatic polymerization in different mediums are summarized.Finally it is suggested that enzymatic synthesis of aliphatic polyester in the mediums of supercritical CO2,water and ionic liquid will become the trend of development for green chemistry.

Due to their excellent physical and chemical properties,graphene-based materials have gained extensive researches and applications in recent years.The graphene-based materials and their biological properties are introduced.The effect of factors on toxicity of the graphene-based materials and prevention measures are discussed.The application of graphene-based materials in the bio-medical field,such as drug carrier,biosensor,photothermal therapy and tissue engineering materials are discussed.The further research and application of the graphene-based materials are proposed.

Curcumin is a natural phenolic pigment extracted from turmeric and has a good pharmacological activity in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and antitumor. It has been frequently used in drug-loaded microspheres recently. However, the reports on its solubility in supercritical fluids have not been seen yet. In the present study, solubility of curcumin in the supercritical carbon dioxide (SeCO2) was determined using the dynamic equilibrium method. The experimental measurements were performed at temperatures of 35, 45, and 55 degrees C and pressure range from 8 to 20 MPa. The measured data showed that the solubilities of curcumin were between 1.82 X 10(-8) and 1.97 x 10(-6) (mole fractin) for the corresponding temperatures and pressures. The effects of temperature, pressure, and with and without ethanol cosolvent on the solubility were investigated. The measured solubilities were calculated and correlated by semi-empirical formulas Chrastil and Mendez-Santiago and Teja models. The results showed that the experimental values of solubility were in good agreement with the theoretical ones, and the average absolute relative deviations (AARD) were 5.88% and 11.68% without cosolvent, and the AARD of the latter was 15.50% with the ethanol cosolvent.

利用陶瓷粉末优良的介电性能和β晶成核性能,本文采用溶液法将聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)与钛酸钡(BaTiO3)陶瓷粉末进行复合,制备得到不同组成的PVDF/BaTiO3复合薄膜,并研究了复合薄膜的微观形态与性能.结果表明,BaTiO3的加入有利于PVDF的β晶的生成,且复合膜中β晶的相对含量随着BaTiO3含量的增加而增大,在BaTiO3含量为10%处获得最大值0.62.此外,随着BaTiO3含量的增加,复合膜中PVDF的结晶度逐渐提高.

固体在超临界流体中的溶解度是设计超临界萃取过程的重要基础数据,状态方程PR方程常被用来计算这一数据.但该方程中的二元相互作用参数需要从实验数据回归得出,这就使该方程不能够推算固体在超临界流体中溶解度.本文用固体的热力学参数计算二元相互作用参数,不依赖实验数据,直接用PR方程模拟固体在超临界CO2中的溶解度.计算结果表明,模拟值同实验值吻合较好.

To improve the properties of chitosan (CS) and poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and obtain fully biodegradable materials, CS‐g‐PLLA copolymers were prepared using 1‐(3‐Dimethylaminopropyl)‐3‐ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC)/N‐hydroxyl succinimide (NHS) as a coupling agent. The copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results obtained by FTIR and 1H NMR showed that CS and PLLA were grafted successfully via an amide bond. DSC and XRD results showed that the thermal stability of CS had been significantly improved by grafting PLLA to the molecular chains of CS and the crystallinity of the CS‐g‐PLLA copolymers decreased significantly. Elemental analysis showed that the achieved the maximum degree of substitution of PLLA was 60.88%, while the concentration of CS was 2 mg/mL, the PLLA molecular weight was 10,000, and the EDC/NHS ratio was 2:1. Images from SEM demonstrated that the copolymers had a spherical shape and smooth surface. Moreover, the products were well dispersed without any aggregation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:1432–1436, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers