Orostachys is a small genus in the family Crassulaceae with about 16 species, the majority of which are biennial herbs. The taxonomic boundaries and phylogenetic relationships between Orostachys and its allied genera have been controversial, partly because of the absence of a robust phylogenetic framework. In the present study, we collected 30 samples, representing 27 species of Orostachys and related taxa. Using Hyb-seq and genome skimming methods, we obtained 750 single-copy orthologous nuclear genes and all plastid protein-coding genes. Both nuclear and plastid phylogenies revealed the polyphyly of Orostachys s.l., comprising three independent lineages corresponding to Kungia (=O. sect. Schoenlandia), the O. spinosa clade (=O. subsect. Appendiculatae), and the O. malacophylla clade (=O. subsect. Orostachys). These lineages each formed sister relationships with their respective allied taxa: Kungia with Sinocrassula, the O. malacophylla clade with Hylotelephium, and the O. spinosa clade with Meterostachys. Minimal gene flow was detected among the three lineages, and between each lineage and its sister group, indicating well-established reproductive isolation. Morphological character analyses corroborated these phylogenomic findings. Our results (i) support Fu ' s taxonomic treatment of O. sect. Schoenlandia as the independent genus Kungia; (ii) do not support merging O. subsect. Orostachys (=the O. malacophylla clade) with Hylotelephium; and (iii) suggest that O. subsect. Orostachys should be taxonomically recognized as a new genus Amblystachys and make the relevant new combinations.

A new species, Sedum guangxiense sp. nov., discovered in Guangxi Province, China, is described and illustrated. Molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological differences indicate that this species is well separated from its close relatives in Sedum, justifying its recognition as a distinct new species. Morphologically, it closely resembles Sedum tosaense and S. emarginatum in its leaf shape, inflorescence type and life form, but it can be easily distinguished in its erect stems when young, much larger leaves, narrowly triangular petals, ovate nectar scales and oblong anthers.

We describe and illustrate Sedum shunhuangense, a new species from Hunan, China. The species is morphologically similar to S. alfredii and S. yangjifengensis but differs in having subequal sepals, papillate seeds, and alternate leaves with caducous lower leaves during flowering. Phylogenetic reconstruction strongly supports two accessions of S. shunhuangense as monophyletic and sister to S. lipingense and S. wilsonii. The species has an estimated wild population of 200 individuals and is assessed as Endangered (EN) under IUCN criteria.

Sedum danxiacola S.Y.Meng B.Chen, a new species of Sedum, is found on the Danxia landform near Wuyi Mountain, China. Sedum danxiacola belongs to sect. Filipes and is similar to S. drymarioides Hance and S. stellariifolium Franch. A principal component analysis (PCA) based on five leaf traits, an examination of seeds and leaves by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a morphological analysis showed that S. danxiacola can easily be separated from S. drymarioides and S. stellariifolium. The conservation status of this species was assessed.

西藏是青藏高原的主体部分,是我国陆地面积第二大的省级行政区,这里有世界最大和最高的高原,也有世界上纬度最高的热带雨林,该地区是世界上海拔落差最大的植物多样性热点地区.西藏维管植物多样性的著作主要有成书于1983-1987年间的《西藏植物志》(1-5卷),该书主要基于对青藏高原科考队的阶段性总结,但是对于藏南地区植物的收录很不全面.本研究主要依据植物志、期刊文献、学位论文等文献资料,并结合标本数据,辅以中国植物图像库的图片,以及作者的野外调查编制了西藏自治区维管植物多样性名录以及县市级分布数据集.本数据集的每一条记录即为一个分类群在具体某个县市级的分布,包括类别、生存状态、科中文名、科拉丁名、属中文名、属拉丁名、种中文名、种拉丁名、命名人、县市级分布、文献凭证、文献备注、标本凭证、图片凭证等.截至2023年8月,本数据集收录西藏自治区维管植物50,525条分布记录,完成了西藏维管植物编目.西藏维管植物名录包含维管植物252科2,049属11,853种(含种下等级),其中石松类植物2科7属50种,蕨类植物31科110属699种,裸子植物6科19属84种,被子植物213科1,913属11,020种.种数最多的前10个科依次是菊科、兰科、禾本科、豆科、蔷薇科、杜鹃花科、毛茛科、唇形科、报春花科和伞形科.另外,本研究也提供了一个西藏自治区维管植物分布存疑或排除的物种名单,共121科454属900种,供后续进一步研究.本文数据将为《西藏植物志》第二版的编撰提供基础本底资料和系统框架,并将为西藏植物多样性保护和监测以及植物资源利用提供重要参考.

该文基于文献考证、馆藏标本鉴定及野外调查，对广西景天属（Sedum L.）植物进 行了系统的梳理，对景天属植物物种多样性进行概述，确定目前分布有 17 种，其中 6 个新 记录种。该文先对广西景天属植物物种多样性进行概述，然后对藓状景天（S. polytrichoides Hemsl.）进行订正，随后分别对 6 个新记录种：钝萼景天（S. leblancae Hamet.）、黎平景天 （S. lipingense R. B. Zhang, D. Tan & R. X. Wei）、龙泉景天（S. lungtsuanense S. H. Fu）、 圆叶景天（S. makinoi Maxim.）、细小景天（S. subtile Miq.）、土佐景天（S. tosaense Makino） 进行简述，并提供其形态特征集要与彩色照片。此外，还对广西景天属植物的多样性以及资 源潜在利用价值等进行了讨论，并附有分种检索表和各个分类群在广西的分布情况，以期为 该属后续的研究与利用提供本底资料。

Based on literature research,specimen identification and field investigation,we systematically cleared up the early researches of Sedum L.and conducted an overview for the species diversity of Sedum in Guangxi.There are 17 species were confirmed,among which six species were newly recorded.The research brief histories of Sedum taxonomy in Guangxi were summarized,information for S.polytrichoides Hemsl.was revised.Six newly recorded species of Sedum were reported here,which were S.leblancae Hamet.,S.lipingense R.B.Zhang,D.Tan&R.X.Wei,S.lungtsuanense S.H.Fu,S.makinoi Maxim.,S.subtile Miq.,S.tosaense Makino,and the morphological feature diagnosis and color photographs for these newly recorded species were provided.The species diversity and the potential utilization of Sedum in Guangxi were discussed,and key for species and the distribution of each taxa in Guangxi were provided.This study provides background information for the subsequent research and utilization of this genus.

A new species from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau is described and illustrated. Rhodiola yushuensis S.Y. Meng et J. Zhang sp. nov. is similar to Rhodiola smithii (Hamet) S. H. Fu, but it differs in its inner caudex leaves with obvious petioles and the leaf blades are obovate-triangular (vs. inner caudex leaves with strongly descends to the base of the petiole, and the leaves are long linear) and the outer caudex leaves are scalelike, triangular-suborbicular (vs. scalelike, narrowly triangular). Principal component analysis (PCA) analysis of the leaf traits and seed coat architecture also showed that R. yushuensis can be separated from R. smithii. The nrDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences also support the claim that this plant is a new species, and it is grouped with R. smithii.

The Qinghai–Tibet Plateau includes the Himalayas and Hengduan Mountains and is well known for its rich biodiversity. Evolutionary radiation is one of the main ways by which plants diversify in mountains, particularly the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. It presents a large challenge to the classification of taxa that radiate quickly. One way to overcome these challenges is to continue conducting detailed field studies while integrating morphological and molecular evidence to classify these taxa. The aim of this research was to provide a case for the systematic study of the complex taxa Rhodiola, which rapidly radiate. During the field study, we found two unique variants of Rhodiola in an alpine dry meadow and beds of pebbles on beaches, respectively. We utilized a morphological principal component analysis, scanning electron microscopy and molecular phylogenetic analysis to propose two new species: Rhodiola wangii S.Y. Meng and Rhodiola namlingensis S.Y. Meng. R. wangii is similar to R. stapfii (Hamet) S.H. Fu, but it differs in having an intensely broad rhombus and alternate leaves, a distinct petiole, stamens gathered together and reflexed purple scales. R. namlingensis is similar to R. prainii (Hamet) H. Ohba, but it differs in its exerted alternate leaves, the presence of more than four leaves on the stem, thick leaf blades, an obovate to inverted triangle, and short petioles. The conservation status of these two species was also assessed.

滑坡体是大熊猫国家公园岷山片区中广泛存在的一种生境,但其在生物多样性研究和保护中的作用却没有得到足够的重视.王朗国家级自然保护区的滑坡体具有丰富的兰科植物资源,其中白沙沟滑坡体最为丰富.本文以白沙沟滑坡体为例,探究岷山地区滑坡体生境中兰科植物的空间分布格局,拟为王朗国家级自然保护区及周边区域的兰科植物保护提供指导.本研究设置4条样带共186个样方,利用除趋势对应分析(DCA)和双向指示种分析(TWINSPAN)研究滑坡体兰科植物的空间分布格局,同时对兰科植物做了种间关联和相关性分析.结果表明,白沙沟滑坡体的草本群落受环境因素的影响,物种间竞争较弱,处于自然演替的初始阶段.郁闭度和水流冲刷对滑坡体兰科植物的分布具有重要影响.受郁闭度和水流干扰因素的影响,滑坡体可分成滑坡体-林缘生境(类型1)、滑坡体生境(类型2)和高郁闭度滑坡体生境(类型3)3种类型.兰科植物在类型1和类型3两种生境中产生了适应性分化.建议在一些兰科物种集中分布的区域设立保护点并进行监测.此外还应对其他不同时间、不同土壤基质形成的滑坡体进行详细的调查,摸清王朗国家级自然保护区甚至岷山地区兰科植物分布的整体情况.

A ring species consists of two reproductively isolated forms connected by a chain of intergrading populations encircling a geographic barrier. The mountains encircling the Sichuan Basin in southwestern China harbor great species diversity and endemism, and they are candidate regions for ring species. Here, we examined a potential ring species complex with a ring distribution surrounding the Sichuan Basin and the reproductive barrier between sibling species Rhodiola yunnanensis and R. henryi of the R. yunnanensis complex. In this study, we test the hypothesis that R. yunnanensis and R. henryi diverged by the ring-species model using an amplicon sequencing strategy targeting the introns of 27 single-copy nuclear genes and 14 chloroplast DNA sequences. Our studies indicated that the R. yunnanensis complex is monophyletic, originates at the late Miocene, and forms its current ring distribution pattern after the LIG. In addition, clear genetic intergradation was not found among R. henryi populations within the distribution ring. All these findings suggest that the divergence of two sibling species was not driven by the geographic isolation, and they were not originated from the ring-species model; however, the basin-surrounding distribution pattern and reproductive barrier between them meet some criteria for being a ring species.

基于互联网的在线学习是现代信息化社会教育发展的主流方向.生物学实验课程如何建设适合于自身课程特点的网络学习平台是亟待解决的问题.北京大学生物学国家级实验教学示范中心结合自身的教学特点,以及借鉴国外其他高校生物实验教学信息化建设的经验,开发出实验原始数据及实验报告管理系统,建设了虚拟仿真实验和多门生物学实验类慕课,并开发出实验室安全考试系统.以上三方面对传统实验教学模式进行的优化,可为其他高校生物学实验类课程的信息化建设提供借鉴.

卫矛属(Euonymus L.)和沟瓣属(Glyptopetalum Thw.)的系统关系长期以来备受争议,为理清它们之间的关系,该研究选择沟瓣属12种、卫矛属17种和假卫矛属(Microtropis Wall.ex Meisn.)2种,共计31个分类单元(OTUs),测量并统计了56个形态性状,同时利用聚类分析(UPGMA)和主坐标分析(PCoA)的方法进行了数量分类学研究.结果表明:沟瓣属与卫矛属具有较高的表征相似性,二者之间存在的过渡类群有缙云卫矛(Euonymus chloranthoides Yang)和淡绿叶卫矛(E.pallidifolium Hayata)以及海南沟瓣[Glyptopetalum fengii(Chun&F.C.How)Ding Hou]、白树沟瓣[G.geloniifolium(Chun&F.C.How)C.Y.Cheng].该研究认为将沟瓣属作为卫矛属的一个组,即沟瓣组(Sect.Glyptopetalum),放在冬青卫矛组(Sect.Ilicifolia)附近更为合理.对性状的主坐标排序分析显示,叶片长度、叶片宽度、叶侧脉数目、花瓣数目、心室数目、每室胚珠数、花序分枝数、是否具有假种皮、蒴果是否开裂、花期与果序梗长度在卫矛属分类中具有重要的价值.

Sedum nanlingense (Crassulaceae), a new species from Guangxi, is described and illustrated here. We analyzed its morphological characteristics, which are largely similar to S. onychopetalum and S. kiangnanense. However, the morphology of this new species differs from other taxa in some important ways, including its 3-merous flowers, which contain six stamens and three carpels. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on nuclear DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences resolved S. nanlingense as a distinct clade, lending further support to its classification. Phylogenetic analysis showed that this new species is closely related to S. onychopetalum and S. kiangnanense.

生物安全作为实验室安全教育的重要组成部分,近年来已得到国家高度重视,并成为高校安全教育的重点.生物专业的本科生作为生物安全教育的主要受众体,对其进行的生物安全教育已成为本科教育人才培养的重要内容.该文以培养本科生专业理论知识与实践相结合能力的教学实验为对象,分析了目前生物专业本科教学实验中生物安全教育存在的不足和难点,提出以建立生物实验教学安全教育考试系统为主要内容,结合课堂教学等,以多种形式相结合协同推进生物实验教学安全教育的改进思路.

Chrysanthemum bizarre (Asteraceae), a new species from Hunan Province, China, is described and illustrated. It is similar to Chrysanthemum vestitum in that its leaves are pubescent, and the ray florets are white. However, it differs from C. vestitum in that the abaxial pubescence of C. bizarre (6.5%) is much more sparsely appressed than that of C. vestitum (64.9%). The leaf blade is triangular ovate with its base extending downward on both sides of petiole to form wings. Only one capitulum, of which the outmost phyllaries are leaflike, develops at the tip of every flowering scape rather than forming an unconsolidated cyme synflorescence. In addition, the lectotype of C. vestitum was designated in this study.

There are two long-standing biogeographic hypotheses regarding the glacial survival of plant species in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP): the in situ survival hypothesis and the tabula rasa hypothesis. We tested these two hypotheses in a phylogeographic study of Rhodiola sect. Prainia, a monophyletic section with ecologically divergent lineages. Molecular data from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer, six plastid markers and 13 nuclear microsatellite loci were analyzed for 240 individuals from 19 populations of this section. Environmental data were used to analyze the niches of major phylogenetic lineages within this section and to model changes in their distributions since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We found that Rhodiola sect. Prainia consists of three evolutionary lineages: all populations of R. stapfii, R. prainii populations at the southern edge of the QTP, and R. prainii populations in the interior part of the QTP. During the LGM, the survival of R. prainii in the interior part of the QTP corresponded with the in situ survival hypothesis, while R. stapfii most probably survived the LGM in a manner corresponding with the tabula rasa hypothesis. The evolutionary history of different lineages of this section was shaped by topography, climate change, and lineage-specific habitat preferences.

生物学新技术和新实验手段层出不穷,同时由于本科生源的多样化导致入校时学生水平不一,本科生物学实验教学面临新的挑战;学生学时的限制和实验课程时间较长的矛盾也一直困扰生物学实验的教学;如何平衡学生进入PI实验室参与实际科研与基础生物学实验训练之间的关系？针对生物学实验教学的上述问题,该文认为加强基础生物学实验、建立更多的综合性开放实验室和有效管理进入PI实验室的学生是将来的改革方向.

Through literature and specimen research,we studied the collection history of Kuan-Kuang Tsoong,the forerunner of Chinese plant collections.Results showed that Kuan-Kuang Tsoong was the first scholar who conducted large-scale plant specimen collections in China and confirmed that the earliest specimen collected by Kuan-Kuang Tsoong was collected in 1912 (from Beijing) and the last specimens were collected in 1933 (from Zhejiang).Currently,10,228 specimens collected by Kuan-Kuang Tsoong have been found,including specimens founds at the Herbarium,Department of Biology,Peking University (PEY,4,584 sheets),Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences (PE,2,966) and Herbarium,College of Life Science,Beijing Normal University (BNU,2,032).These herbaria preserved most specimens (9,582 sheets,accounting for 93.7％ of the total).Our study also found that a small number of specimens collected by Kuan-Kuang Tsoong (16) were preserved by the Royal Botanic Gardens,Kew (K),the Edinburgh Botanic Garden (E),and Harvard University Herbaria (A).

ABSTRACT Phaeostigma is a controversial taxon for its taxonomic status and phylogenetic position in the subtribe Artemisiinae, Asteraceae. To address those questions, a phylogenetic evaluation of Phaeostigma and its related genera of subtribe Artemisiinae was carried out based on molecular as well as morphological character data. DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer, the single copy nuclear CDS gene, and five chloroplast DNA loci ( psbA‐trnH , rpl16 , trnC‐ycf6 , trnL‐F , and ycf6‐psbM ) were used to construct gene trees, and variation patterns of 20 morphological characters were analyzed. In addition, pollen morphology was examined under scanning electron microscopy for representative species of Phaeostigma and Ajania , from which the former was separated by earlier taxonomists. All the above analyses showed: (i) Ajania tibetica (Hook.f. & Thomson) Tzvelev, A. purpurea C. Shih, and A. ramosa (Chang) C. Shih should be merged into Phaeostigma so that it is a monophyletic genus with six species, P. ramosum (A. ramosa), P. purpureum (A. purpurea), P. tibeticum (A. tibetica), P. quercifolium (W. W. Sm.) Muldashev, P. salicifolium (Mattf.) Muldashev, and P. variifolium (C. C. Chang) Muldashev; (ii) all six Phaeostigma species have the Artemisia ‐type (microechinate) of pollen, reflexed leaf margin, and flowering branches with sericeous indumentum; (iii) two controversial species of Ajania , A. pallasiana and A. shiwogiku , have closer relationships with Ajania s.str. than with Phaeostigma , and should be kept in Ajania . Considering all the evidence from present and previous studies, we conclude that geographic and ecological factors as well as secondary contacts play important roles in the divergence and speciation of the genus Phaeostigma .