Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is one of the most significant early childhood chronic respiratory diseases. The article features modern approaches to preventing, diagnosing and treating broncho-pulmonary dysplasia, as well as ways of preventing complications and undesirable disease outcomes in patients older than 3 years. Members of professional associations — Union of Pediatricians of Russia and Russian Association of Perinatal Medicine Specialists — have summarized the experience of managing this category of patients at leading Russian pediatric centers according to the principles of evidence-based medicine and have provided scientific and practical data corresponding to the world level of knowledge with regard to the present problem.

The high frequency of infectious complications in the early neonatal period of adaptation in infants with extremely low (ELBW) and very low birth weight (VLBW) attracts particular attention. The aim of our study was to evaluate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in congenital pneumonia and congenital sepsis in newborn infants with extremely low and very low birth weight.Methods. In 160 preterm newborns that were included in our prospective study, 33 had early neonatal sepsis, 42 children had congenital pneumonia, and 85 infants were without neonatal infection. A comprehensive clinical and laboratoryinstrumental examination of the newborn was done, including determining the concentration of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin at the age of 48–72 hours of life. Results. Low sensitivity of CRP at the age of 48–72 hours of life in congenital sepsis and congenital pneumonia was observed. However, under these pathological conditions CRP and PCT are characterized by high specificity. It should also be noted that PCT has a high sensitivity in children with congenital sepsis aged 48–72 hours. Moreover, PCT also has a high specificity (Sp 80,6%), which determines its advantage in the use of sepsis diagnosis in extremely premature infants compared to CRP.Conclusion. Maximum specificity reaches 100%, co-located with the assessment of CRP and PCT, which determines the feasibility of using this combination for verification of congenital infectious conditions such as sepsis and pneumonia in children ELBW and VLBW aged 48–72 hours.

The high frequency of infectious complications in the early neonatal period of adaptation in infants with extremely low (ELBW) and very low birth weight (VLBW) attracts particular attention. The aim of our study was to evaluate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin in congenital pneumonia and congenital sepsis in newborn infants with extremely low and very low birth weight. Methods. In 160 preterm newborns that were included in our prospective study, 33 had early neonatal sepsis, 42 children had congenital pneumonia, and 85 infants were without neonatal infection. A comprehensive clinical and laboratoryinstrumental examination of the newborn was done, including determining the concentration of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin at the age of 48–72 hours of life. Results. Low sensitivity of CRP at the age of 48–72 hours of life in congenital sepsis and congenital pneumonia was observed. However, under these pathological conditions CRP and PCT are characterized by high specificity. It should also be noted that PCT has a high sensitivity in children with congenital sepsis aged 48–72 hours. Moreover, PCT also has a high specificity (Sp 80,6%), which determines its advantage in the use of sepsis diagnosis in extremely premature infants compared to CRP. Conclusion . Maximum specificity reaches 100%, co-located with the assessment of CRP and PCT, which determines the feasibility of using this combination for verification of congenital infectious conditions such as sepsis and pneumonia in children ELBW and VLBW aged 48–72 hours.

This quideline provides the diagnostic and treatment algorithm for newborns with gestational age over 35 weeks and weighing more than 1800g who has severe asphyxia in birth with the threat of severe or medium-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

This guideline provides the diagnostic and treatment algorithm for newborns with gestational age over 35 weeks and weighing more than 1800g who has severe asphyxia in birth with the threat of severe or medium-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.

We performed a comparative morphometric and immunohistochemical studies of the placentas collected in preterm labor after 27-33-week gestation. Predominating branched angiogenesis processes and more pronounced vascularization of the placental villi were found in the group of newborns with hemorrhagic complications. These changes were paralleled by high expression of VEGF in all villous structures.

Fifty-eight neonatal infants with hyaline membrane disease (HMD) and congenital pneumonia were examined in the critical status. In 32 of them, high-frequency oscillatory lung ventilation (HFOLV) was employed. The use of HFOLV was found to reduce the length of stay in neonates on toxic oxygen concentrations by more than 2 times and to accelerate the normalization of ventilation-perfusion relationships by more than 3 times. A study of the basic parameters of central and regional hemodynamics showed that HFOLV failed to affect the patients' hemodynamic status. The efficiency of correction of severe respiratory disorders in neonatal infants with HMD was ascertained to increase with the combined use of the Russian surfactant and HFOLV. A formula was developed to calculate the starting amplitude of oscillations when HFOLV was employed. The maximum allowable values of mean airway pressure at which HFOLV could be discontinued were determined, which prevented the regimens from toughening when HFOLV was changed to the routine artificial ventilation. The use of HFOLV was established to reduce the risk of severe cerebral structural and vascular lesions and mortality rates.

The paper provides a theoretical model of a regional perinatal centre based on many years of authors' practical experience in nursing newborns at high risk of perinatal pathology and also on international experience in the performance of similar centres and on multilevel system at large. The data are provided on the structure and functions of perinatal institutions, their equipment, manpower training, the system of management and possible economic provision.

The concentrations of aldosterone, vasopressin and plasma renin activity were measured in cord blood and on days 1, 3 and 5 of life in 71 newborn infants from the risk group at the development of critical conditions. Vasopressin was discovered to play a substantial role in the development of critical conditions. The lack of a considerable vasopressin ejection in response to a delivery trouble and the growth of its concentration by day 5 of life are prognostically unfavourable. Hyperactivity of the renin-aldosterone system determines the newborns' proneness to liquid and sodium retention.

Kidney function and some mechanisms of its regulation were studied in 161 premature babies. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was found to play a certain role in controlling the water-electrolyte balance in premature infants. The incidence of pronounced and latent renal failure in infants with posthypoxia lesions of the central nervous system (CNS) of varying degrees was demonstrated. The informative value of calculation parameters of partial kidney functions as the early diagnostic criteria in pronounced and latent renal failure is confirmed. A role that the revealed posthypoxia hypermyoglobinemia might possibly play in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure in premature infants is discussed.