Studies have been carried out to study the effectiveness of the high-molecular inducer of interferon Larifan® in relation to the experimental form of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Syrian hamsters. It is shown that Lariphan® is effective when applied in a preventive scheme, and the scheme of emergency prevention. The coefficient of therapeutic action for virological, hematological and biochemical parameters was 57.5 and 65.0%, respectively (ð<0.05 and ð<0.01).

The article presents the results of bioassays investigation by the specialists of the Center for Special Laboratory Diagnostics of Particularly Dangerous and Exotic Infectious Diseases, isolated during 2002–2015, obtained from deceased people suspected for rabies virus infection. Outlined are the main challenges of working with the received samples of biological material from dead people and ways of handling these issues. Put forward are the pressing problems of epizootic and epidemiological bias that require comprehensive solutions on the part of healthcare authorities and the veterinary service of the Russian Federation. Given are the results of the laboratory-diagnostic activities of the Center for Special Laboratory Diagnostics of Particularly Dangerous and Exotic Infectious Diseases, which indicate that the applied methods of isolation and identification of the rabies pathogen allow for efficient and in-time diagnosis of the disease.

Efficacy of arbidol and ridostin in cupping postvaccinal complications due to variolation was studied by the clinico-virological, hematological and biochemical indices and it was shown that arbidol was efficient in cupping development of dermal complications, lowered the severity of the postvaccinal reaction and stimulated the cellular and humoral immune response. Ridostin, a high molecular interferon inductor, was highly efficient in cupping all the forms of the postvaccinal complications, including the neurological and cutaneous ones.

The experimental study of the Ingavirin efficacy against the influenza virus A (H5N1) on intranasally-infected albino mice vs. Tamiflue and Arbidol showed that when used for the prophylaxis, urgent prophylaxis and therapy it was effective in the protectiom of the animals from death. The efficient dose for the prophylaxis of the influenza infection was 5 mg/kg (protective efficacy of 46.7%) and for the urgent prophylaxis and therapy it was 15 mg/kg (protective efficacy of 40.0 and 35.0% respectively).

The comparative analysis of the efficacy of Ingavirin® and etiotropic chemotherapeutics, such as Arbidol® and Remantadin®, against the influenza virus A (H3N2) performed with the use of susceptible permanent cell cultures showed that in the used concentrations Ingavirin® was efficient in inhibition of the virus cytopathic activity , formation of the specific hemagglutinin and reproduction of the virus (by the accumulation).

Cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics (Ribavirin, Remantadin and Ingavirin), interferon (Realdiron) and interferon inductors (Larifan, Ridostin, Arbidol and Cytarabin) was investigated with the use of persistent and diploid cell cultures. Ingavirin and Ribavirin from the group of the chemotherapeutics and Razifan and Ridostin from the group of the interferon inducrors showed the lowest toxicity. Light microscopy revealed no visible cytopathic changes in the investigation cell cultures exposed to maximum concentrations (> or =10(6) IU) of Realdiron. In vivo acute toxicity investigation demonstrated that in a concentration of 10(6) IU per animal weight Realdiron was not toxic for the albino mice and chinchilla rabbits. The maximum tolerance doses for the albino mice were the following: > or =3000 mg/kg of Ingavirin, 401.25 mg/kg of Arbidol, 170 mg/kg of Ribavirin, > or =100 mg/kg of Larifan and > or =100 mg/kg of Ridostin.

The experimental investigation of Ingavirin activity against influenza B virus showed that in concentrations 100 and 200 mcg/ml it was efficient in inhibition of the virus reproduction: the cytopathic effect was lowered by 75%, the level of the pathogen accumulation in the MDCK cell culture was decreased by more than 2.0 lg and the formation of the virus specific hemagglutinin was inhibited by more than 90%.

The comparative analysis of the efficacy of Ingavirin and etiotropic chemotherapeutics, such as Arbidol and Remantadin, against the influenza virus A (H3N2) performed with the use of susceptible permanent cell cultures showed that in the used concentrations Ingavirin was efficient in inhibition of the virus cytopathic activity, formation of the specific hemagglutinin and reproduction of the virus (by the accumulation).

The experimental investigation of the Ingavirin antiviral effect showed that in concentrations of 200 and 100 mcg/ml it totally protected the cells from the cytopathic action of the virus, when added before the inoculation of the HeLa cell culture. After a tenfold decrease of the infective dose (up to 0.001 CPD50/cell), the inhibition of the virus cytopathic effect by Ingavirin amounted to 100% in all the tested concentrations (including the low ones) added either before or after the culture contamination. Ingavirin was efficient in inhibition of the adenovirus type 5 reproduction in the HeLa cell culture.

Experimental studies of arbidol and arbidol mesylate versus ribavirin suggest that insertion of these agents into the nutrient medium of the cultured cells GMK-AH-1 (D) after infection at concentrations of 50, 25, and 100 microg/ml, respectively, is effective in suppressing the reproduction of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus. Arbidol and arbidol mesylate were shown to have a direct antiviral effect in early viral replication in the cultured cells. The promising antiviral agent is arbidol mesylate that is nearly 5 times as effective as arbidol in reducing the reproduction of SARS virus in the cultured cells. Insertion of arbidol, arbidol mesylate, and ribavirin into the nutrient medium 2 hours after infection of porcine embryonic renal cells caused a reduction in the accumulation of the pathogen by 2.5, 2.1, and 2.6 Ig, respectively.

Antiviral efficacy of Ingavirin was studied on albino mice infected intranasally by the grippe A virus (H3N2) vs. Tamiflu, Remantadin and Arbidol. Ingavirin used prophylactically in doses of 5 to 10 mg/kg was shown to be effective in protecting the animals from death and inhibiting the specific hemagglutinin formation and the virus reproduction in the lungs (by the accumulation).

Investigation of the therapeutic efficacy of Ingavirin (Valenta Farmacevtica, Russia) against influenza virus A (H3N2) vs. Tamiflu, Remantadin and Arbidol showed that in daily doses of 15 and 20 mg/kg (equal by the efficacy to the human doses of 90 and 120 mg) Ingavirin was effective in protection of the albino mice infected by the virus in a dose of 10 to 15 LD50. The protective efficacy was 38.3-39.2% and the increase of the average lifespan amounted to 4.2-4.4 days. The Ingavirin efficacy was comparable with that of Remantadine, markedly exceeded that of Arbidol and was lower than that of Tamiflu. Investigation of the Ingavirin influence in doses of 15 and 20 mg/kg on the dynamics and level of the influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 reproduction in the lungs of the infected albino mice weighing 10-12 g revealed that during the whole observation period in the doses tested Ingavirin was effective in inhibition of the influenza virus reproduction. During the whole period of the observation (5 days) Ingavirin was effective in inhibiting the formation of the virus specific hemagglutinin in the target organ.