BACKGROUND: Diseases, which pathogenesis is based on iron overload - hereditary hemochromatosis, β-thalassemia, porphyria cutanea tarda - are associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus; this suggests the role of excess iron in the formation of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD). The question of the possibility and informative content of using traditional ferrokinetics parameters as predictors and markers for diagnosing various CMD remains debatable.AIM: To establish relationships between ferrokinetics markers and indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in overweight and obese individuals. The scientific hypothesis is that disturbances in ferrokinetics, such as dysmetabolic iron overload, influence the risk of induction and progression of CMD, regardless of body mass index.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients underwent anthropometry, blood sampling with the determination of a detailed biochemical analysis, lipid spectrum analysis, a detailed general blood test and biochemical indicators of iron metabolism. Taking into account the technical capabilities of the device, a number of patients included in the study underwent T2*-magnetic resonance relaxometry of the liver.RESULTS: The study included 108 patients, stratified into groups depending on the presence of CMD (without CMD, with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and with T2DM), as well as depending on the iron metabolism (with relatively high and relatively low ferritin levels). Ferritin levels were significantly higher in patients with T2DM than in patients with IGT (298.10 [145.80–336.95] and 124.00 [58.30–170.55] ng/ml, respectively, p=0.029) and persons without CMD (59.80 [24.10–108.85] ng/ml, p=0.002), and significantly higher in persons with IGT compared to patients without CMD (p=0.035). Patients with ferritin levels above the 75th percentile had higher glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) (5.8 [5.3–6.6] and 5.4 [5.2–5.7]%, respectively, p=0.016). Ferritin was highly informative in the diagnosis of T2DM: sensitivity 77.8%, specificity 91% with a diagnostic threshold of 208.1 ng/ml (area under the curve = 0.813; p=0.002). In diagnosing IGT ferritin had a high sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 84.4%, but with a lower diagnostic threshold of 126.65 ng/ml (area under the curve = 0.738; p=0.016).CONCLUSION: The level of hyperferritinemia increases as dysglycemia progresses. Ferritin is a promising marker that is highly informative in the diagnosis of various carbohydrate metabolism disorders.

BACKGROUND: Currently, much attention is paid to the search for highly informative and non-invasive methods for screening the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through the stages of «steatohepatosis-steatohepatitis-fibrosis». Such non-invasive methods include tests based on serum markers and/or biometric indicators. The differences in cut-off diagnostic thresholds for some fibrosis indices and the use of a point scale, which includes the presence/absence of diabetes or other carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs) in calculating other indices (NAFLD-LFS, BARD, NFS) make the issue of the applicability of these indices in a cohort of patients with prediabetes and T2DM relevant.AIM: To study clinical and laboratory associations of liver steatosis and fibrosis indices in overweight and obese patients depending on CMD, and to evaluate the diagnostic significance of individual steatosis and fibrosis indices in this cohort of patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and laboratory examination, liver fibrosis screening by ultrasound liver fibroelastometry, and liver MRI in IDEAL-IQ mode. The steatosis index FLI and fibrosis indices FIB-4, APRI, BARD, and NFS were calculated. Statistical processing of the results included comparative analysis, frequency analysis, correlation — and ROC analysis.RESULTS: The study included 114 patients with overweight or obesity divided into groups depending on the CMD: group 1 — without CMD (n=52), group 2 — prediabetes (n=34), group 3 — newly diagnosed T2DM (n=28). We verified significant differences depending on CMD only for the NFS index: in individuals with T2DM, the NFS index was significantly higher than in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and significantly higher than in the group without CMD. In IGT patients, the NFS values significantly exceeded those in the group without CMD. According to the APRI and FIB4 assessment, no cases of advanced (≥F2) fibrosis were found in the obtained sample. The APRI index demonstrated sufficient informative value regarding F2 fibrosis (area under the curve=0.687; p=0.008) in the cohort of obese and overweight patients without taking into account the CMD.CONCLUSION: Non-invasive tests have potential for detecting liver fibrosis, but require further study regarding applicability to a cohort of patients with CMD.

Relevance. Among the studies during the COVID-19 pandemic, a special role is played by studies examining the prognostic value of clinical, laboratory and instrumental markers in patients. Biomarkers with absolute sensitivity and specificity for predicting the outcome of a new coronavirus infection have not been identified yet.Aim: To identify early clinical and laboratory predictors of severity and mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and to evaluate the effectiveness of the pharmacotherapy in outpatient and early hospital settings.Methodology and research methods. A retrospective, comparative study was carried out. Medical data from 745 adult patients with COVID-19, hospitalized in the respiratory hospital of the Siberian State Medical University (Tomsk) from 05/16/2020 to 09/30/2020 were included. The main group consists of patients who were discharged from the hospital. The comparison group included patients with a fatal outcome of the disease.Results. The group of deceased patients was characterized by older age and a greater number of comorbid diseases (р < 0.0001), the presence of pneumonia during the year preceding COVID-19 (р < 0.0001) and risk factors for the development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection (р < 0.005). Early admission to the hospital (р = 0.0110), severe dyspnea (р < 0.0001) with a decrease in oxygen saturation below reference values (р < 0.0001) are also associated with the risk of a fatal outcome. Anosmia was significantly more common in the group of surviving patients.The number of platelets, the absolute number of lymphocytes, amounts of total protein, albumin (р < 0.0001), sodium (р = 0.0013) in the first 48 hours of hospitalization in the main group were significantly higher. The number of leukocytes (p = 0.0078), neutrophils (p < 0.0001), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.0001), concentrations of glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly lower in the main group. Serum procalcitonin levels > 0.5 ng/ml were 5 times higher in deceased patients during early period of hospitalization.Conclusion. Clinical, anamnestic and laboratory factors were identified through this study. These factors may be useful in the early period of hospitalization for accurate assessment of risks of severe ill, effective disease management and reduction of mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Aim: to assess the dynamics of laboratory parameters (total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase levels) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations after administrating local injections of vitamin D receptor activators into the parathyroid glands of patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease. The intial PTH concentration ranged from 300 to 600 pg/ml. This range was chosen to explore a more active strategy for managing the disease at its early stages and preventing the induction and progression of cardiovascular complications associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism.Methods: the study included 48 patients diagnosed with end-stage of chronic kidney disease, who were treated in the nephrology and dialysis department. The main group consisted of 34 patients who received two consecutive injections of a vitamin D receptor activator (Paricalcitol) into the most enlarged and technically accessible parathyroid gland under ultrasound guidance. The control group included 14 patients who continued with conservative treatment due to technical infeasibility of performing the injections. Effectiveness was assessed by comparing laboratory parameters before the intervention and six months after the injections in the main group, and among patients continuing standard medical therapy for secondary hyperparathyroidism.Results: the results showed a statistically significant reduction in parathyroid hormone levels after 3 and 6 months of treatment. In the control group, which continued to receive standard drug therapy, PTH and blood phosphate levels continued to rise. No undesirable effects or complications, such as hypocalcemia, bleeding, allergic reactions, and recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, were not observed throughout the observation period.Conclusion: this research confirms the efficacy of local injections of vitamin D receptor activators (Paricalcitol) in reducing PTH levels without significant complications or changes in calcium levels. This method could be employed to correct and prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism complications in early stages among patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease, offering a safer and more effective treatment option.

Aim. To perform a comparative analysis of leukopoiesis parameters and platelet count in peripheral blood with evaluation of their changes in the first 48 hours from urosepsis (US) verification in hospitalized patients depending on the outcome of the disease.Materials and methods. A retrospective comparative study included 40 patients with US divided into a group of deceased (n = 10) and a group of recovered (n = 30) individuals. Along with a full clinical and paraclinical examination, which is a routine practice in the urology clinic in case of suspected (confirmed) sepsis, we performed a differentiated assessment of leukopoiesis and platelet count in peripheral blood at baseline (at the moment of US verification) and 48 hours after US verification. The assessment included determination of the immature granulocyte count, investigation of neutrophil granularity intensity (NEUT-GI) and neutrophil reactivity intensity (NEUT-RI), and measurement of the mean platelet volume (MPV).Results. The baseline level of organ dysfunction graded by the SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) score was significantly higher in deceased patients than in survivors (6 points vs. 3 points, respectively; p = 0.001). The group of the deceased was characterized by lower platelet and monocyte levels. The ROC analysis with the calculation of area under the curve (AUC) identified the following potential predictors of a lethal outcome in US: proportion of monocytes from the total leukocyte count at baseline ≤ 5.5% (AUC 0.732, p = 0.032), proportion of eosinophils from the total leukocyte count at baseline ≤ 0% (AUC 0.756, p = 0.011), absolute eosinophil count at baseline ≤ 0.01 × 109 / l (AUC 0.802, p = 0.009), absolute basophil count at baseline ≤ 0.03 × 109 / l (AUC 0.718, p = 0.028), NEUT-GI at baseline ≤ 153.2 scatter intensity (SI) units (AUC 0.754, p = 0.021), NEUT-RI at baseline ≤ 59.3 SI units (AUC 0.737, p = 0.024) and their increase after 48 hours by > 0.9 SI units (AUC 0.852, p = 0.001) or by > 1.34% (AUC 0.844, p = 0.003), platelet count at baseline ≤ 144 × 109 / l (AUC 0.762, p = 0.007) and after 48 hours ≤ 174 × 109 / l (AUC 0.769, p < 0.007).Conclusion. The assessment of the platelet count and leukopoiesis parameters, including the ones characterizing neutrophil maturation (NEUT-RI, NEUT-GI), in the first 48 hours from US verification, can be effective predictors of a lethal outcome in patients with US.

Background: Hyperferritinemia associated with obesity and insulin resistance is a link between the components of the metabolic syndrome and a possible triggering factor in the pathogenesis of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and dyslipidemia.Aim: To establish possible relationships between ferrokinetic parameters, parameters of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in overweight and obese patients, and to analyze the possibility of using iron metabolism parameters (ferritin and serum iron) as predictors of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in this cohort of patients.Material and Methods. The study included 52 overweight or obese patients. In the course of the study, patients were stratified into groups depending on the presence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD), and depending on the state of iron metabolism. Among all patients included in the study, an assessment of anthropometric data, a study of glycated hemoglobin, a standard glucose tolerance test with 75 g of glucose, a study of hematological parameters, as well as biochemical parameters of iron metabolism – the concentration of serum iron, transferrin and ferritin, was carried out.Results. Patients with CMD – impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glycaemia – had significantly higher serum ferritin levels than obese patients without CMD (p = 0.019). In persons with a high level of ferritin, CMD developed significantly more often than in patients with a ferritin content in the range below the 75th percentile (χ2 = 5.278, p = 0.022). According to the ROC analysis, ferritin showed a rather high sensitivity – 75%, and specificity – 84.4% at a diagnostic threshold of 126.65 ng/ml (area under the curve = 0.738; p = 0.016) in the diagnosis of prediabetes (IGT/IFG) in overweight and obese individuals.Conclusion. High concentrations of iron and ferritin are positively associated with CMD, with ferritin being a promising predictor of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Despite significant progress in the field of prevention, early diagnosis and antibacterial therapy, community-acquired pneumonia still retains the status of not only the most common among acute infectious diseases, but is also a frequent source of sepsis, which greatly increases the likelihood of death in this group of patients. The purpose of the study was to perform a comparative analysis of clinical and laboratory parameters and assess the nature of their changes in the first 48 hours from the moment of verification of sepsis that developed against the background of pneumonia in patients of the therapeutic department, depending on the outcome of hospitalization.Clinical groups and research methods. A retrospective comparative study was carried out, which included, using a continuous sampling method, patients with sepsis that developed against the background of pneumonia in patients hospitalized in therapeutic clinics of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia in the period from 01/01/2019 to 04/30/2023. In total, the study included 40 patients of both gender, followed by division into two comparison groups depending on the outcome of hospitalization (discharge from hospital or death) for the dynamic assessment of clinical, anamnestic and laboratory parameters in the early stages of the development of a septic condition (the first 48 hours) in order to determine their relationship with the outcome of hospitalization.Results. All patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group (n=17, 42.5 %) consisted of patients with a favorable outcome of hospitalization (recovery), the second group (n=23, 57.5 %) consisted of patients with a fatal outcome. At the time of verification of sepsis, patients with a favorable outcome had a significantly lower SOFA score (3 (2; 6) points) than patients with a fatal outcome (6 (5; 7) points), p = 0.037. The change in urea concentration in the first 48 hours from the moment of verification of sepsis, which in the group of survivors was -1.3 (-4.4; 1.99) mmol/l, and in the group of deceased 5.5 (-1.5; 12. 2) mmol/l, p=0.020. In the group of deceased patients, 8 people (34 %) at the time of verification of sepsis had a combination of hypotension (<90/60 mm Hg) and serum lactate >5 mmol/l. In the survivor group, hypotension was observed in only 2 people (11 %), and lactate levels in these patients were in the range of 4.5- 4.6 mmol/l. At point 1, the indicators of immature granulocytes were not statistically significantly different between surviving and deceased patients (1.2 (0.7; 2.1)% vs 0.8 (0.6; 1.5)%, respectively, p>0. 05). After 48 hours, the level of immature granulocytes increased in surviving patients to 1.5 (1; 3.2)% and, conversely, decreased to 0.65 (0.45; 1.45)% in the group of deceased patients, and the difference in these indicators between groups became statistically significant, p <0.05.Conclusion. Thus, in patients with sepsis against the background of severe pneumonia, the mortality rate was 57.5 %. In order to identify groups at high risk of death due to sepsis due to pneumonia, in addition to the SOFA scale, dynamic monitoring of biomarkers such as urea, lactate, immature granulocytes and reticulocytes should be carried out in the first 48 hours from the moment of verification of the septic state.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the severity of changes in the values of markers-candidates for the differential diagnosis of anemia of chronic diseases in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The total number of leukocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, content of C-reactive protein, TNFa, ferritin and hepcidin were evaluated. 50 people with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 81 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus were examined. The diagnosis of anemia was established on the basis of data on the level of hemoglobin, the content of erythrocytes in the blood, ferritin and serum iron. Next, the type of anemic syndrome was determined. The patients were divided into groups: 14 patients with diabetes mellitus and anemia of chronic diseases, 15 people with diabetes mellitus and iron deficiency anemia, 38 patients with diabetes with latent iron deficiency and 64 patients with diabetes mellitus without anemia. The comparison group consisted of 17 healthy volunteers. It was shown that in the general sample of patients with diabetes mellitus anemia of chronic diseases was distinguished only by the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, which was higher than in iron deficiency anemia, latent iron deficiency and in patients without anemia. The severity of inflammation in diabetic patients was analyzed depending on its type. The concentration of hepcidin in the blood of diabetic patients, regardless of type, exceeded its content in the blood of healthy individuals. Elevated serum concentrations of TNFα were characteristic of inflammation in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus type 2 was characterized by an increase in: erythrocyte sedimentation rate - relatively healthy individuals; concentrations of C-reactive protein - in comparison with healthy volunteers and patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus; ferritin levels compared with patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Taking into account the type of diabetes and the type of iron metabolism disorder, it was found that in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, only the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in patients with anemia of chronic diseases was significantly higher than in patients with iron deficiency anemia and without anemia. The article discusses the reasons for the difficulties in using inflammatory markers (ferritin and hepcidin) as parameters for verifying anemia of chronic diseases in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is pointed out that it is necessary to take into account the differences in the mechanisms of inflammation development in type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus when trying to use cytokines and C-reactive protein as additional diagnostic markers in practice. The rationale is given for the prospects of determining the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, with the recommendation of a certain threshold value, for the detection of anemia of chronic diseases in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim. To evaluate the nature of changes in the expression of markers of endothelial progenitor cells (VEGFR2, CD34, CD14) and endothelial cells (CD146) in association with the expression of the leukocyte common antigen CD45 in the culture of blood mononuclear cells in the presence of M-CSF in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and healthy donors. Materials and methods. The study included 12 patients with CHD with class III–V angina pectoris and 10 healthy donors, from whom 30 ml of venous blood was taken on an empty stomach in the morning and stabilized with heparin. Blood mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation (1.077 g / cm 3 ) and subject to immunomagnetic separation using CD14-MicroBeads and CD34-MicroBead Kit (Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Germany). The resulting CD14 + and CD34 + culture of mononuclear cells was incubated for 6 days in a complete nutrient medium with and without M-CSF 50 ng / ml (Cloud-Clone Corp., USA) with complete replacement of the medium and repeated application of M-CSF on day 3. After 6 days, the proportions of CD45 + , CD14 + , CD34 + , VEGFR2 + , and CD146 + cells in the culture were assessed by flow cytometry using CD14-FITC, CD34-PE, VEGFR2-Alexa Fluor 647; CD45-FITC and CD146-PerCP antibodies (BD Biosciences, USA). Results. It was shown that in healthy donors, the proportion of CD146 + cells in the co-culture of blood mononuclear cells with M-CSF exceeded their number in the sample without it, with comparable expression rates of CD45, CD14, and VEGFR2 markers between the control and stimulated cultures. In CHD patients, the number of CD146+ and VEGFR2 + cells did not change when M-CSF was added to the mononuclear cell culture; however, the proportion of CD14 + cells increased and the proportion of CD45 + cells decreased compared to the control sample. The number of CD34 + cells was comparable both between control and stimulated samples, and between the groups of examined individuals. At the same time, in patients with CHD, an increased proportion of VEGFR2 + cells was found in the control and stimulated samples compared to healthy individuals, while an increased proportion of CD14 + cells was detected only in the stimulated culture. Conclusion. The development of CHD disrupts the response of blood mononuclear cells to the effect of M-CSF, increasing the number of CD14 + and reducing the proportion of CD45 + cells in the culture in the absence of stimulating effects on the expression of endothelial cell marker CD146. At the same time, M-CSF does not affect the expression of CD34 and VEGFR2 in endothelial progenitor cells both in patients with CHD and in healthy individuals.

Iron affects the pathogenesis and clinical course of several chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. High pro-oxidant iron activity is physiologically controlled by mechanisms regulating entry, recycling, and loss of body iron. These mechanisms include the interplay of iron with ferritin, transferrin, hepcidin, insulin, as well as with adipokines and proinflammatory molecules. An imbalance of these regulatory mechanisms results in both systemic and parenchymal siderosis. Iron overload has a toxic effect on the major tissues involved in lipid and glucose metabolism — pancreatic β cells, liver, muscle, and adipose tissue — as well as the organs affected by chronic hyperglycemia — brain, retina and kidneys. Hyperferremia leads to a decrease in insulin secretion, the formation of insulin resistance and increased liver gluconeogenesis. Molecular mechanisms for these effects are diverse. Elucidating them will implicate both for carbohydrate metabolism disorders prevention and for the pathogenesis of other diseases that are, like diabetes mellitus type 2, associated with nutrition, aging and iron. The literature review presents data from world studies on the mutual influence of glucose metabolism and iron overload, and discusses the differences between hereditary and acquired disorders of iron metabolism from the standpoint of their influence on carbohydrate metabolism.

The presence of anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibodies can limit the clinical efficacy of PEGylated drugs and cause anaphylactic reactions in patients. Monocytes/macrophages are effector cells involved in IgG-mediated passive systemic anaphylaxis. We studied the influence of human blood serum on the efficiency of uptake of PEGylated nanoparticles by human blood monocytes. It has been shown that magnetic nanoparticles modified with PEG-3000 and solid lipid nanoparticles containing PEG-2000 are avidly internalized by human blood monocytes in vitro, the uptake efficiency depends on the features (composition) of donor blood serum, but does not correlate with the level of the IgG antibody against PEG.

Physicochemical and pharmacological properties of the humic substances from coal of the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin, the Pereyaslovskoe deposit, have been studied. The presence of polycyclic aromatic structures and aliphatic fragments with various functional groups as substituents (carboxyl, carbonyl and quinoid, phenolic, alcoholic, ether and ester, amino and amide) was established by means of UV, IR, 13C NMR spectroscopy, fluor-imetry, and elemental analysis. It has been determined by HPLC that coal humic substances are highly hydro-philic polydisperse biopolymers with medium molecular weights. According to the indicator of microbiological purity (category 3B), the content of microorganisms does not exceed the indicators required by the State Pharmacopeia of the Russian Federation (SPh XIV edition). The content of radionuclides, toxic metals (lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic) corresponds to the norms (according to SPh XIV edition). The presence of 11 essential elements has been established. The studied humic substances belong to the V class of hazard (low-hazard sub-stances, according to GOST 32644-2014), do not have allergising properties and cytotoxic effect within a broad concentration range. Antioxidant, immunotropic, cytoprotective properties were established in the studies of specific pharmacological activity with various experimental models. The ability to inhibit free radicals such as hydroxyl radicals (HO.) and superoxide-anion radical (O2-. should be stressed, as these radicals are able to by-pass the endogenous antioxidant defense systems of the body. It is concluded that the studied humic substances of the Kansk-Achinsk coal basin, the Pereyaslovskoe deposit, are safe and effective biologically active sub-stances of natural origin for use as a promising biologically active substance in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Experimental type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was induced in rats by daily intraperitoneal injections of alloxan in a dose of 90 mg/kg for 4 days. For verification of insulin resistance, insulin tolerance test was performed in 2 weeks and the glucose utilization rate constant (KITT) was calculated. The rats demonstrated the main symptoms of T1DM: hypoinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, ketonemia, glucosuria, ketonuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, and insulin resistance, as evidenced by a decrease in KITT. The serum content of free fatty acids and triacylglycerols significantly increased. The content of triacylglycerols increased in skeletal muscles and decreased in the liver. A negative linear correlation was found between KITT and triacylglycerol content in muscles. Thus, the development of insulin resistance in experimental T1DM in rats is associated with accumulation of triacylglycerols in skeletal muscles.

Aim. To assess the effect of iron-rich humic substances on hematological parameters in acute post-hemorrhagic and iron deficiency anemia.Materials and methods. Materials for the study were samples of iron-rich active pharmaceutical ingredients based on humic substances (Fe(III) hydroxide complexes with humic substances and polymaltose): HA-Fe3+, HA-PMFe3+, FA-Fe3+, and FA-PM-Fe3+. The anti-anemic activity of the substances was studied on 53 female Wistar rats of the conventional rat line in the model of acute posthemorrhagic and iron deficiency anemia. Anti-anemic activity was assessed by the hemoglobin level, erythrocyte count, hematocrit, and serum iron level.Results. The studied substances HA-Fe3+ and FA-Fe3+ are the most effective in correcting the consequences of both experimental acute posthemorrhagic anemia and iron deficiency anemia. Their effect is comparable to that of the positive control drug Ferrum Lek.Conclusion. Fe(III) hydroxide complexes stabilized by humic and fulvic acids exhibit anti-anemic activity.

IV (XXVII) Национальный конгресс эндокринологов с международным участием «ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В ЭНДОКРИНОЛОГИИ» 22-25 сентября 2021 года ПОДХОДЫ К ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ АНЕМИЧЕСКОГО СИНДРОМА У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ Мусина Н .Н ., Саприна Т