Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of carvedilol and propranolol in preventing esophagogastric varices bleeding（EVB） in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods 312 cirrhotics eligible for inclusion were encountered in our hospital between April 2013 and September 2020, and out of them, carvedilol were given in 190 cases and propranolol were given in 122 cases. All patients were followed-up until December 2020. The wedged hepatic venous pressure（WHVP） and free hepatic venous pressure（FHVP） were routinely determined and the hepatic venous pressure gradient（HVPG） was calculated. Results During the follow-up period, the incidence of EVB in propranolol-treated patients was 34.4%, significantly higher than 13.2%（P＜0.05） in carvedilol-treated patients; the fatality rates in the two groups were 5.7% and 1.6%（P＞0.05）; after treatment, the WHVP, FHVP and HVPG in 66 propranolol-treated patients were（22.7±5.1）mmHg, 9.0（6.0-11.0）mmHg and（13.7±3.5）mmHg, not significantly different compared to[（22.5±4.5）mmHg, 8.0（6.0～10.0） mmHg and（14.5±3.8）mmHg] in 32 carvedilol-treated patients（P＞0.05）. Conclusion The efficacy of carvedilol in preventing EVB in patients with liver cirrhosis and esophagogastric varices is superior to propranolol, although there is no significant difference as respect to the reduction of HVPG by the two medicines.

目的 探讨胃神经内分泌肿瘤G1/G2 患者经内镜切除与外科手术的疗效及预后,寻找肿瘤复发的危险因素.方法 收集我院 2006 年 11 月至 2022 年 5 月确诊为胃神经内分泌肿瘤 G1/G2 的病例,分析其临床病理特征及术后疗效,并用 Cox回归分析肿瘤复发的危险因素.结果 92 例胃神经内分泌肿瘤患者中 G1 65 例,G2 27 例.70 例行内镜切除,22 例行外科手术,两组肿瘤直径均较小,均以胃体多见,浸润深度多局限于黏膜层及黏膜下层.内镜切除组住院天数、住院费用均显著少于外科手术组,且术中出血发生率显著低于外科手术组(P 均<0.001).内镜切除组 1、3 年疾病复发率分别为 7.1%、30.0%;外科手术组分别为 4.5%、13.6%.单因素分析显示,切缘、肿瘤分型与 G1/G2 肿瘤复发相关(P<0.05),而年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、浸润深度、病理分级、手术方式、临床症状对肿瘤复发无影响(P>0.05).多因素 Cox回归显示,肿瘤分型、切缘是影响肿瘤复发的独立危险因素.结论 对于胃神经内分泌肿瘤 G1/G2 患者,内镜切除和外科手术远期疗效未见明显差异,但内镜切除创伤小、住院时间短、住院花费少,更应放在首位考虑.

Objective:To compare the safety and efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) for the treatment of biliary obstruction at different locations.Methods:From January 2016 to June 2021 data of 82 patients with obstructive jaundice treated with EUS-HGS in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. According to the location of biliary obstruction,patients were divided into hilar biliary obstruction group ( n=30) and distal biliary obstruction group ( n=52). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted adjusting covariates to compare the technical success rate, the clinical success rate, the adverse reaction incidence, hospital stay and cost of the two groups. Results:The technical success rates were 93.3% (28/30) and 94.2% (49/52) in the hilar biliary obstruction group and the distal biliary obstruction group with no significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.870, OR=1.17, 95% CI: 0.18-7.41). The clinical success rates were 83.3% (25/30) and 88.5% (46/52) in the hilar biliary obstruction group and the distal biliary obstruction group with no significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.514, OR=1.53, 95% CI: 0.43-5.53). The incidence of adverse events in hilar biliary obstruction group was 10.0% (3/30), including cholangitis 3.3% (1/30), biliary fistula 6.7% (2/30), biliary peritonitis 6.7% (2/30). The incidence of adverse events in patients with distal biliary obstruction was 17.3% (9/52), including cholangitis 9.6% (5/52), biliary fistula 7.7% (4/52) and biliary peritonitis 5.8% (3/52). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:There is no significant difference in safety or efficacy of EUS-HGS for hilar biliary obstruction and distal biliary obstruction.

[目的]探究超声内镜引导下胆管引流(endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage,EUS-BD)与内镜逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)引流在胃改道术后胆管恶性梗阻中的应用及价值.[方法]对胃改道术后胆管恶性梗阻经EUS-BD途径(EUS-BD组)或ERCP途径(ERCP组)引流患者的技术成功率、临床成功率、操作时间、术后并发症、梗阻复发情况及生存时间等进行比较分析.[结果]EUS-BD组与ERCP组患者的年龄、性别、术前总胆红素水平比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),2组的技术成功率、临床成功率、术后并发症、梗阻复发率及术后生存时间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).EUS-BD组的手术时间明显短于ERCP组(P＜0.001).[结论]EUS-BD及ERCP引流在胃改道术后胆管恶性梗阻的患者中均能有效降低胆红素水平、改善胆道梗阻,EUS-BD相对ERCP操作时间明显缩短.

Objective:To evaluate the long-term efficacy of endoscopic transluminal drainage(ETD) for acute pancreatitis complicated with walled-off necrosis (WON) or pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC).Methods:A total of 79 patients who were diagnosed as having WON or PPC by abdominal CT or ultrasound and treated with ETD in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were enrolled. Past medical records and follow-up by phone call after discharge were analyzed for long-term outcomes including endocrine and exocrine functions and long-term quality of life.Results:A total of 50 patients were enrolled, including 31 patients with infected WON/PPC and 19 patients with uninfected WON/PPC. Seventeen patients (54.84%) in the infected WON/PPC group and 11 patients (57.89%) in the uninfected WON/PPC group lost 5% or more of their weight. There were no significant differences in the proportion of cases of weight loss of 5% or more ( P=0.833), or the weight loss between the two groups (12.59±8.89 kg VS 10.91±2.47 kg, P=0.522). Only one patient in the infected WON/PPC group had chronic abdominal pain. There was no significant difference in the Izbicki score between the two groups (23.79±6.74 VS 22.03±3.21, P=0.295). None of the patients developed steatorrhea after discharge. Five patients (16.67%, 5/30) in the infected WON/PPC group and 6 patients (40.00%, 6/15) in the uninfected WON/PPC group developed endocrine insufficiency with no significant difference ( P=0.140). Greater risk of secondary diabetes resulted from higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.0-3.4, P=0.044)and triglycerides ( HR=1.2, 95% CI: 1.0-1.3, P =0.029). Conclusion:ETD is safe and effective for WON and PPC. But there is possibility that patients develop secondary diabetes. Additionally, greater risk of secondary diabetes results from higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides.

南京鼓楼医院消化内镜中心2020年5月至2021年1月间对4例CP合并胰管结石患者行经口胰管镜引导下胰管结石激光碎石、取石术。4例均达到技术成功，其中2例结石完全清除，2例部分清除。2例患者达到临床成功，2例患者无法评估临床成功的情况。操作时间为50~85 min。4例患者术后均未出现并发症，随访时间12~245 d。结果表明经口胰管镜引导下激光碎石是安全、有效的，尤其适用于体外冲击波碎石术治疗失败的患者。

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of differentiated early cardia cancer and to evaluate the short-term and long-term efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).Methods:A total of 329 patients (331 lesions) who underwent ESD at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from October 2014 to December 2019 and were pathologically confirmed as differentiated early cardia cancer were included in the study and followed up. The endoscopic and pathological data of patients were reviewed to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of differentiated early cardia cancer. The short-term (including en bloc resection rate, curative resection rate and incidence of short-term complications) and long-term efficacy (including incidence of metachronous cancer, recurrence and distant metastasis, and overall survival rate) of ESD was evaluated.Results:The ratio of male to female in 329 patients with differentiated early cardia cancer was 4∶1, and their age was 65.69±8.02 years. Tumor diameter of ≤2.0 cm accounted for 65.9% (218/331). Most lesions were located on the posterior wall (50.5%, 167/331), followed by the minor curve (36.3%, 120/331). The endoscopic morphology of 0-Ⅱc type accounted for 49.5% (164/331). There were 69.8% (231/331) lesions confined to the mucosal layer. The en bloc resection rate was 100.0% (329/329), and the curative resection rate was 83.3% (274/329). Short-term complications occurred in 28 patients (8.5%). With a median follow-up time of 39 months, 11 patients (3.3%) developed metachronous cancer, 2 (0.6%) developed distant metastasis, and no recurrence occurred. Seven patients died, and the overall survival rate during the follow-up period was 97.9% (322/329). The survival rate of patients with curative resection and additional surgery was 100.0% (3/3), while that without additional surgery was 99.3% (269/271). The survival rate of patients with non-curative resection and additional surgery was 96.0% (24/25), and that without additional surgery was 86.7% (26/30).Conclusion:Most differentiated early cardia cancers are well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, with less than 2 cm in diameter at the time of diagnosis with a low rate of ulcer and vascular invasion. ESD is safe and effective for the treatment of differentiated early cardia cancer with a high rate of curative resection, fewer intraoperative and postoperative complications, low incidences of metachronous cancer, distant metastasis and recurrence, and a high overall survival rate. However, additional surgical treatment is recommended for patients with non-curative resection.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and feasibility of double endoscopic bypass, namely endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) combined with endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD), for malignant gastric outlet and biliary obstruction.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on data of 10 patients with malignant gastric outlet and biliary obstruction who were not suitable for surgery or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and treated by double endoscopic bypass in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from August 2017 to October 2020. The completion of therapy, clinical efficacy and post-procedure adverse events were analyzed.Results:Ten patients with different malignant cancer successfully underwent EUS-GE and EUS-BD, with procedure time of 60.5±22.3 min (30-100 min). There were no postoperative adverse events. EUS-GE was clinically successful in all 10 cases. Of the 10 EUS-BD cases, 9 were clinically successful, and 1 did not meet the criteria of clinical success. The median follow-up was 71 (37-120) days. None of the 10 patients had recurrent gastric outflow tract obstruction or biliary tract obstruction.Conclusion:Double endoscopic bypass is feasible and effective for patients with malignant gastric outlet and biliary obstruction and without surgery or ERCP opportunity.

黏膜相关淋巴组织（mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue，MALT）淋巴瘤最常见于胃肠道，而食管MALT淋巴瘤较为罕见，其治疗尚无统一标准。现报道1例同时累及食管和胃的MALT淋巴瘤，病灶范围巨大，经内镜黏膜下剥离术后病理确诊为MALT淋巴瘤，术后行化疗。

Objective:To develop an online interactive cytopathological training program, and to evaluate it for improving the cytopathological diagnostic ability of endoscopists in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) of pancreas.Methods:A total of 5 500 cytopathological images were collected from 194 patients with pancreatic solid mass who underwent EUS-FNA in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from August 2018 to August 2019. The cell type in each cytopathological picture was labeled by senior cellular pathologists, which was used to build a learning and testing platform for online interactive cytopathological training. Five endoscopists without cytopathological background were invited to participate in this training. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of endoscopists in differential diagnosis of cancer and non-cancer before and after training were compared to evaluate the effect of the online interactive cytopathological training program on improving the ability of endoscopists in diagnosis of cytopathology.Results:A cytopathological training platform for endoscopists to learn and take online test was successfully built. Before training, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of diagnosis of cancer and non-cancer for endoscopists were 0.55 (95% CI: 0.53-0.58), 0.32 (95% CI: 0.30-0.35), 0.43 (95% CI: 0.41-0.45), 0.44 (95% CI: 0.41-0.47) and 0.43 (95% CI: 0.42-0.45), respectively. After training, the above indicators were 0.96 (95% CI: 0.95-0.97), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.68-0.73), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.72-0.76), 0.95 (95% CI: 0.94-0.96) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.80-0.83), respectively, which were significantly improved compared with those before ( P<0.001). Conclusion:The online interactive cytopathological training program can improve the understanding and diagnostic ability of endoscopists in pancreatic cytopathology, help to implement rapid on-site evaluation in the process of EUS-FNA, and improve the diagnostic efficiency of EUS-FNA.

十二指肠乳头腺瘤是指发生在十二指肠乳头区域(包含乳头内胆管和胰管)的良性肿瘤.十二指肠乳头腺瘤的早期内镜诊断方法有十二指肠镜、常规超声、US、超声内镜(EUS)、增强螺旋计算机断层扫描、内镜逆行胰胆管造影等,术前EUS检查评估十二指肠乳头腺瘤的侵袭深度及胆胰管受累情况最佳.内镜下乳头切除术(EP)是十二指肠乳头腺瘤的首选治疗方法,治疗十二指肠乳头腺瘤的适应证为腺瘤直径<5 cm、病理组织活检证实为良性腺瘤及未侵犯胆管或胰管等.出血、穿孔及急性胰腺炎等是EP治疗十二指肠乳头腺瘤的早期并发症;晚期并发症主要表现为十二指肠乳头狭窄.十二指肠乳头腺瘤EP治疗后复发的危险因素有家族性腺瘤性息肉病、瘤体侵袭导管以及不完整切除等.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of a new China-made direct visualization system of peroral cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis and treatment of biliopancreatic diseases.Methods:Clinical data of 37 patients who underwent endoscopic examination through the direct visualization system of peroral cholangiopancreatography at Digestive Endoscopy Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from April 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Technical success rate and complications were analyzed.Results:The examination was completed in 37 patients through the system. The technical success rate was 100.0%. The nature of biliary stricture was confirmed in 24 cases, presenece or absence of bleeding or residual stones in the bile duct was confirmed in 6 cases, neoplasm or residual stones in the pancreatic duct was determined in 2 cases, biliary stricture was passed assisted with visualized guidewire in 2 cases, and lithotripsy was performed assisted with biliary laser in 3 cases. Nine patients were pathologically diagnosed as having malignant biliary stricture, and 8 of them were confirmed malignant by the system. Drainage was performed in 34 cases after the examination. There were 3 cases of cholangitis, 4 cases of bacteremia and 2 cases of postoperative pancreatitis after the operation, which were relieved in a short time after conservative treatment. Bleeding occurred in 1 case which was improved after two times of endoscopic hemostasis.Conclusion:The new direct visualization system of peroral cholangiopancreatography is safe and effective in the diagnosis and treatment of biliopancreatic diseases.

胰腺癌(pancreatic carcinoma,PC)是临床常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤之一,其临床特点是早期诊断困难,治疗效果不理想,5年生存率不足8％ [1] ,号称"癌中之王".近年来,胰腺癌的发病率和死亡率在全球范围内均有所上升[2 , 3],预计在2030年将成为全球第二大癌症死亡病因[4].

Objective:To investigate the safety and long-term outcomes of fully covered self-expanding metal stent (FCSEMS) placement in patients with benign refractory pancreatic stenosis.Methods:Data of 18 patients with benign refractory pancreatic stenosis who underwent endoscopic treatment with FCSEMS in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between March 2013 and July 2020 were collected. The technical success, clinical success, adverse events and long-term outcomes were analyzed.Results:FCSEMS placement was successful in all 18 patients, with technical success rate of 100.0% (18/18). After stenting, the visual analogue scale (VAS) significantly decreased [2.00 (1.75, 3.00) VS 6.00 (5.00, 7.00), Z=-3.572, P<0.001]. The VAS decreased by more than 50% in 15 cases, and the clinical success rate was 83.3% (15/18). Stent-related adverse events included intolerable pain in 3 patients, stented-induced de novo stricture in 2 patients, and distal migration of stent in 2 patients. The stents were successfully removed in all patients after 137.5 (59.0, 417.0) days. There was significant reduction in terms of decreased upstream ductal dilatation after stent removal [9.1 (6.7, 14.1) mm VS 11.0 (7.6, 16.2) mm, Z=10.508, P<0.001]. After stent removal, 10 of the 14 patients maintained the response to pancreatic stenting and 4 recurred during the follow-up of 37-1 246 days. Conclusion:FCSEMS placement appears to be safe and effective in the treatment of benign refractory pancreatic stenosis and can provide persistent improvement in the stricture.

目的 探讨老年中危胃间质瘤病人的临床病理特征及长期预后.方法 回顾性分析2009年12月至2020年7月鼓楼医院收治的62例老年中危胃间质瘤病人的临床病理特征及长期预后.结果 62例老年中危胃间质瘤病人平均年龄为(67.7±5.3)岁.临床表现主要为体检发现24例(38.7％)及腹部不适30例(48.4％).病变部位以胃上1/3(46.8％)及胃中1/3(46.8％)多见.肿瘤平均直径为(5.4±2.3)cm,核分裂像≤5/50高倍镜视野(HPF)者40例(64.5％),>5/50HPF 22例(35.5％).49例(79％)病人采用外科手术治疗,13例(21％)病人采用内镜手术.外科手术组及内镜手术组术后予伊马替尼治疗的病人分别为23例和3例.中位随访时间为53个月,外科手术组出现2例非疾病特异性死亡病例.62例患者均未出现复发及转移,总体生存率为96.3％,疾病特异性生存率为100％.结论 老年中危胃间质瘤病人无论术后是否使用伊马替尼辅助治疗,预后都较好.内镜治疗老年病人的中危胃间质瘤可能是一种安全、有效的方式.

目的 探讨食管神经鞘瘤的临床病理特点,以及内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)和内镜经黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术(STER)切除食管神经鞘瘤的效果.方法 回顾性分析2007年8月-2019年7月南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院消化科收治的11例食管神经鞘瘤患者的临床特征、内镜下表现、术后并发症和病理特点.结果 男患者占54.5％;年龄40～81岁,平均(57.5±12.4)岁;食管神经鞘瘤多位于胸上段(45.5％,5/11)和胸中段(27.3％,3/11);11例(100.0％)病灶的白光内镜分型均为隆起型,表面黏膜光滑、无溃疡.肿瘤直径为0.3～5.0 cm,平均(2.5±1.8)cm;超声内镜(EUS)显示10例(90.9％)起源于固有肌层,11例均为低回声,9例(81.8％)回声均匀;11例EUS下均无血流信号,6例(54.5％)为腔内生长,5例(45.5％)腔内外生长.完整切除率为100.0％(11/11),中位手术时间41 min,11例患者(100.0％)均未出现穿孔、迟发性出血和感染等并发症;术后首次进流食时间为(1.2±0.6)d;平均住院时间为(6.9±2.5)d.所有组织标本中S100均为阳性;中位随访时间为53个月,期间未发生局部复发、远处转移和死亡.结论 ESD和STER用于诊断和治疗食管神经鞘瘤是安全、有效的.

Objective:To evaluate the short-type single balloon enteroscope (SBE) to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with Roux-en-Y anastomosis.Methods:Data of 10 patients with Roux-en-Y anastomosis who received short-type SBE assisting ERCP (14 times of ERCP, the short-type SBE group) from May 2019 to September 2019 and 55 patients who received conventional SBE assisting ERCP (87 times of ERCP, the conventional SBE group) from March 2016 to April 2019 were collected in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Success rates and mean time of reaching the blind loop, diagnosis and treatment success rates, procedure time and complication incidence in the two groups were compared.Results:The mean time to reach the blind loop was significantly shorter in short-type SBE group than that in the conventional SBE group (17.1 min VS 23.4 min, P = 0.04). There were no significant differences in success rates of reaching the blind loop[100.0%(14/14) VS 95.4%(83/87)], the success rates of diagnosis and treatment[both 100.0% (14/14) VS 100.0% (83/83)], the mean procedure time (62.6 min VS 64.3 min) or complication incidence [21.4%(3/14) VS 16.1% (14/83) ] between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion:ERCP assisted by either type of SBE is safe and effective in patients with Roux-en-Y anastomosis. However, short-type SBE is faster to reach the blind loop because of its unique design and easier manipulation.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type (GA-FG).Methods:A total of 12 patients, including 7 cases treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), were diagnosed as having GA-FG in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2018 to August 2019. Morphological changes were analyzed by reviewing endoscopic and pathological results. Patients were followed up after definitive diagnosis.Results:The clinical symptoms of patients with GA-FG were nonspecific. No Helicobacter pylori infection was identified. The lesions were found in the non-atrophic gastric mucosa of the upper 1/3 portion in 10 cases and middle 1/3 portion in 2 cases. Endoscopically, the most common features were whitish color (9 cases), and all lesions diameter≤1 cm. Their macroscopic types were classified as 0-Ⅰ (2 cases), 0-Ⅱa (9 cases) and 0-Ⅱc (1 case) respectively. All lesions had sharp boundary, with branching dilated blood vessels on the surface. Five in 7 cases who were treated with ESD showed submucosal invasion. Immunohistochemically, 9 cases were classified as the chief cell type , 3 as the mixed type, 11 MUC6 positive, 4 MUC5AC positive, 2 MUC2 positive, and 3 CD10 positive. P53 was detected in all 12 cases, and 9 cases had low Ki-67 staining index (<10%). The mean time of follow-up was 11 months, and 11 patients survived. Conclusion:GA-FG should be taken into consideration when the polyps are found in the upper part of the stomach, with whitish color, and branch dilated blood vessels on the surface. Excellent clinical outcomes can be achieved for GA-FG patients with ESD.

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗早期胃印戒细胞癌(SRCC)的疗效及预后,并探讨非治愈性切除的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2012年10月至2020年10月在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院、南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院、泰州市人民医院、南京市高淳人民医院行ESD治疗的62例早期胃SRCC患者的临床病理资料,根据术后病理结果分为治愈性切除组34例和非治愈性切除组28例,收集患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小及部位、大体分型、浸润深度、切缘、溃疡及术后随访情况等进行分析.结果 整块切除率为100％(n=62),完全切除率为83.9％(n=52),治愈性切除率为54.8％(n=34).术中穿孔率为1.6％(n=1),迟发出血率为1.6％(n=1).28例非治愈性切除的患者中,20例追加了外科手术,死亡2例,其中1例在外科手术后死于术后出血,另1例在外科手术后死于术后感染.8例非治愈性切除的患者没有追加外科手术,其中2例患者死于淋巴结转移.ESD治愈性切除组的5年生存率明显高于ESD非治愈性切除组,组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.023).肿瘤直径>20 mm(OR=59.73,95％CI=9.94～358.87,P<0.001)及溃疡是(OR=24.49,95％CI=2.11～284.72,P=0.011)是早期胃SRCC非治愈性切除的独立危险因素.结论 达到内镜下治愈性切除标准的早期胃SRCC患者,预后明显好于非治愈性切除的患者.肿瘤直径>20 mm和溃疡为早期胃SRCC非治愈性切除的独立危险因素.

Objective:To compare the efficacy and safety of endoscopic submucosal excavation (ESE) and endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) for intraluminal gastric stromal tumors.Methods:Data of 441 patients diagnosed as having gastric stromal tumors in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from June 2009 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 241 patients underwent ESE (ESE group) and 200 EFR (EFR group). Epidemiological data (gender, age and body mass index), tumor size, procedure related parameters, complications, hospital stay, cost and follow-up were compared between the two groups.Results:There were no significant differences between the two groups in gender, age, body mass index, tumor size, National Institutes of Health risk grade, complete resection rate, or block resection rate ( P>0.05). Compared with the EFR group, the ESE group required less titanium clips to close defects in the stomach wall [6.0 (4.0, 6.0) VS 6.0 (5.0, 8.0), U=18 424.0. P<0.001], shorter time of first postoperative fluid intake [2.0 (1.0, 2.0) days VS 2.0 (2.0, 3.0) days, U=17 420.0, P<0.001] and hospital stay [6.0 (5.0, 8.0) days VS 7.0 (6.0, 9.0) days, U=18 906.0, P<0.001], and lower total cost [18.9 (16.4, 21.4) thousand yuan VS 20.9 (18.1, 23.8) thousand yuan, U=17 956.0, P<0.001]. Moreover, the total incidence of complications of the ESE group was lower than that of the EFR group [5.8% (14/241) VS 11.5% (23/200), χ2=4.605, P=0.032]. Patients were followed up with the median period of 45.0 months. The disease recurrence rate was 0.45% (2/441), and there were no disease-related deaths. Conclusion:The efficacy is comparable between ESE and EFR for treating intraluminal gastric stromal tumors, but ESE shows a lower incidence of complications, and requires a shorter hospital stay and lower cost.