To understand the composition and dynamic changes of primary metabolites in'Fuhong'plum fruits during refrigeration,the primary metabolite profile of'Fuhong'plum fruits stored at 4 ℃ for 0,30,and 60 days was analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).Differential metabolites were selected by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)and subjected to pathway enrichment analysis.The results showed that a total of 573 metabolites were identified,including sugars,organic acids,amino acids and their derivatives,lipids,and nucleotides.There was a significant difference in primary metabolite profile between the three storage times,and 95 differential metabolites at day 30 vs.0,99 differential metabolites at day 60 vs.30,and 173 differential metabolites at day 60 vs.0 were identified.The pathway enrichment analysis showed that the major metabolic pathways with a significant difference included linoleic acid metabolism,unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis,propionic acid metabolism,sulfur metabolism,purine metabolism,nucleotide metabolism,cysteine and methionine metabolism.This study provides a theoretical basis for the quality evaluation and postharvest preservation of'Fuhong'plum fruits.

In this study, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis were used to analyze the effect of pre-harvest bagging on metabolites, metabolic pathways and volatile composition in ‘Younai’ plum fruit. The results showed that the peel and pulp of ‘Younai’ plum subjected to pre-harvest bagging treatment were yellow. By UPLC-MS/MS, 604 metabolites were identified, pre-harvest bagging changed the metabolic characteristics and pathways, and 58 significantly differential metabolites were selected, 22 and 36 of which were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. Among them, the contents of taste-related substances such as sugars and organic acids were not significantly different, and the contents of taste-active amino acids taste were significantly different between the bagging and non-bagging groups. By GC-IMS, 27 volatile substances were identified, including 14 aldehydes, 5 esters, 4 alcohols, 3 ketones and 1 other compounds. Most esters were more abundant in non-bagged fruits, while most alcohols were more abundant in bagged fruits. The fingerprints of volatile components in ‘Younai’ plum with pre-harvest bagging and non-bagging treatment were different. By searching against the Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and comparing them with identified metabolites, 199 active ingredients were identified, and 37 key active ingredients were obtained according to the screening criteria. Among them, only quercetin was down-regulated in ‘Younai’ plum after pre-harvest bagging treatment. In conclusion, pre-harvest bagging can improve the appearance quality, but it may also have an effect on the taste-active, aroma-active and functional components of ‘Younai’ plum.

为缓解冬季低温不足对南方李(Prunus salicina Lindl.)生产的影响,选育低需冷量、优质李新品种,本研究以早熟、低需冷量的品种三月李为材料,选取其成熟1年生的枝条进行60Co-γ辐射(50 Gy),再取单芽嫁接到3年生毛桃上,在嫁接植株中发现一株果实色泽、成熟期均发生明显变异的突变体,命名为福红.为探究福红与三月李在形态特征、生物学特性、品质特性、抗病性和产量等方面的差异,评价福红的品质和优势,通过表型观察、品质分析、分子进行了鉴定.发现福红保留了三月李低需冷量的特性,但果皮、果肉色泽均突变为紫红色,成熟期推迟约40 d.单果质量增大2.67倍,极显著高于三月李(P＜0.01);可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比均极显著高于三月李(P＜0.01).在福建3个生态区的试种结果表明,福红丰产性好,结果性能稳定,产量高于三月李.综上,李新品种福红虽成熟期推迟,但保留了三月李需冷量低的特性,且果实红皮红肉、果个大、可溶性固形物含量高,品质更优,具有较好的市场推广前景.

赣优7319是福建省农业科学院水稻研究所以江西省农业科学院水稻研究所育成的三系不育系赣73A与自育优质强优势恢复系东南恢019配组育成的早熟优质三系杂交早稻新组合,2020年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定.

目的 研究福建10个不同产地'芙蓉李'果实品质与矿质元素含量的关系,分析果实品质与矿质元素含量的地区差异,以及影响各果实品质的主要矿质元素.方法 采集福建10个产地果园的'芙蓉李',测定8个品质指标和10种矿质元素含量,利用比较分析、相关分析和通径分析等方法,分析地区间品质和矿质元素含量的差异、相关性和通径系数.结果 不同产地间各果实品质指标、矿质元素含量均存在极显著差异(P<0.01).相关性分析表明,单果重与N含量呈显著正相关、与Mg含量呈显著负相关,色泽亮度因子L*与Zn含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.903)、与P含量呈显著正相关(r=0.685),色泽红色因子a*与Zn呈显著负相关(r=-0.706),色泽黄色因子b*与Ca含量呈显著正相关(r=0.677)、而与Fe含量呈显著负相关(r=-0.705).通径分析表明,N对单果重的直接影响最大,P对硬度的直接影响最大,Mn对固酸比的直接影响最大;Zn是对可溶性固形物含量、色泽因子L*、a*均具有最大直接影响的元素,Fe是对可滴定酸、色泽因子b*有最大直接影响的元素,对'芙蓉李'品质指标直接影响较大的元素还有B、Ca、K等.结论 '芙蓉李'果实品质是多种元素共同作用的结果,在生产中应协调好各种矿质元素的配比以提高果实品质,实现优质高效生产.

目的 利用网络药理学和分子对接法,研究乌梅改善消化不良的分子作用机制.方法 利用中药系统药理学(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology,TCMSP)数据库挖掘乌梅潜在活性成分,预测相关作用靶点,与消化不良的相关疾病靶点进行交集,并进行蛋白质-蛋白质互作分析、基因本体(gene ontology,GO)功能分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)通路分析,最后将关键靶点与活性成分进行分子对接.结果 筛选出乌梅11个潜在活性成分及其182个作用靶点,与789个消化不良相关疾病靶点取交集得到50个靶点,GO富集分析显示与生物过程相关的条目145个,与分子功能有关的条目51个,与细胞组分相关的条目有22个;KEGG通路分析显示与75条通路相关;分子对接结果显示活性成分与关键靶点具有较好的结合活性.结论 乌梅中活性成分可能通过与关键靶点结合,发挥改善消化不良作用,具有多成分、多靶点、多通路的特点,可为其实验验证和应用研究提供科学依据和参考.

基于'芙蓉李'(Prunus salicina)基因组数据,采用生物信息学分析方法鉴定糖转运蛋白家族基因,并对其蛋白质理化特性、亚细胞定位、系统进化树、蛋白质保守结构域以及表达模式进行分析.共鉴定出49个该家族基因,根据保守结构域和系统发育分析将其分为7个亚家族.蛋白质介于313～948个氨基酸之间,预测定位于质膜或液泡膜;所有的蛋白都含有保守的糖转运体结构域(PF00083),其中大多数含有12个跨膜螺旋.通过比对'芙蓉李'果实发育过程的RNA-seq数据,对49个基因进行表达谱分析,其中15个在果实不同发育阶段差异表达;qRT-PCR分析表明,15个差异表达基因中有9个基因与果实葡萄糖和蔗糖含量显著正/负相关,其中1个肌醇转运蛋白亚家族基因(PsINT4)、1个糖转运蛋白亚家族基因(PsSTP11)、1个糖促进蛋白亚家族基因(PsSFP5)和1个液泡单糖转运蛋白亚家族基因(PsTMT1)在'芙蓉李'果实发育过程中具有较高的表达量,可能在'芙蓉李'果实发育和成熟过程中对糖分积累起重要作用.

Yongxingyouxiangzhan was a new high-quality hybrid rice variety bred from the cross of threeline male sterile Yongxing A with high-quality aromatic conventional rice Jiuxiangzhan, and developed by Rice Research Institute of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It has the characteristics of good quality,strong lodging resistance, better color conversion and wide adaptability. It was released by Fujian Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2022. The breeding process and technical points of cultivation and seed production were summarized.

目的 研究不同温度下李果实采后品质变化及建立李果实采后货架期预测模型.方法 本研究设置了3种温度(4、15、25℃),并定期测定生理生化指标.采用零级动力学模型和一级动力学模型结合Arrhenius方程建立基于品质变化的李果实采后货架期预测模型,并验证模型的预测精确度.结果 低温明显延缓了果皮强度和果肉硬度的下降和果实失重率的上升,同时也延缓了花色苷含量的积累,对总酸含量影响不明显(除贮藏20 d).根据果皮强度、果肉硬度和失重率变化建立货架期预测模型,通过验证发现基于失重率变化的货架期预测模型具有最好的精确度,相对误差值低于10％.结论 货架期预测模型的建立,可快速预测果实剩余货架期,为贮藏和货架提供技术指导.

Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) is divided into two subspecies of xian and geng. With the development of hybrid rice and utilization of interspecific heterosis, the boundaries between xian and geng are becoming more and more vague. In this study, based on the SNP-index value of 20 million single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci from 3000 rice germplasm resources, we captured 4084 xian-geng specific SNP loci named as 4k-SNP and used the xian-geng index as an indicator for xian-geng identification. Furthermore, the 4k-SNP was reduced to 40-SNP (40 SNP loci) for indica/japonica identification by using the statistical analysis methods such as large-scale simple random sampling based on the dimensionality reduction algorithms. To verify the effectiveness of 40-SNP on xian-geng identification, 82 bred varieties were used in this study to compare the results of 40-SNP xian-geng identification and 4k-SNP identification. The result showed that the geng index obtained from 40-SNP and 4k-SNP were very close, and the correlation coefficient was 0.99. Moreover, a total of 49 varieties, belonging to six subgroups (indica, aus, rayada, aromatic, tropical japonica, and temperate japonica), were used to compare the xian-geng identification results of 40-SNP with those of 4k-SNP and Cheng’s index. And the correlation coefficients of xian-geng identifications between 40-SNP and 4k-SNP as well as between 40-SNP and Cheng’s index were above 0.98 and 0.86, respectively. These results verified the validity and accuracy of 40-SNP on xian-geng identification in Oryza sativa L. In addition, 40-SNP also had a good distinguishability for the six subgroups in rice, and the xian-geng index of indica, aus, rayada, aromatic, tropical japonica, and, temperate japonica was less than 0.20, 0.20-0.40, 0.60-0.85, more than 0.90, and 1.00, respectively. This study provides the data and theoretical basis for the differentiation of xian-geng and the utilization of heterosis and, formulation of seed management regulations.

Chinese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is a stone fruit that belongs to the Prunus genus and plays an important role in the global production of plum. In this study, we report the genome sequence of the Chinese plum "Sanyueli", which is known to have a low-chill requirement for flower bud break. The assembled genome size was 282.38 Mb, with a contig N50 of 1.37 Mb. Over 99% of the assembly was anchored to eight pseudochromosomes, with a scaffold N50 of 34.46 Mb. A total of 29,708 protein-coding genes were predicted from the genome and 46.85% (132.32 Mb) of the genome was annotated as repetitive sequence. Bud dormancy is influenced by chilling requirement in plum and partly controlled by DORMANCY ASSOCIATED MADS-box (DAM) genes. Six tandemly arrayed PsDAM genes were identified in the assembled genome. Sequence analysis of PsDAM6 in "Sanyueli" revealed the presence of large insertions in the intron and exon regions. Transcriptome analysis indicated that the expression of PsDAM6 in the dormant flower buds of "Sanyueli" was significantly lower than that in the dormant flower buds of the high chill requiring "Furongli" plum. In addition, PsDAM6 expression was repressed by chilling treatment. The genome sequence of "Sanyueli" plum provides a valuable resource for elucidating the molecular mechanisms responsible for the regulation of chilling requirements, and it is also useful for the identification of the genes involved in the control of other important agronomic traits and molecular breeding in plum.

以芙蓉李为研究对象,研究乙烯利、脱落酸处理对采后芙蓉李果实质地、色差值、色泽、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比、花色苷含量及出汁率的影响,综合分析加工品质变化.结果表明,乙烯利处理明显降低了芙蓉李果肉硬度、果皮强度、果皮破裂深度、果皮脆性、果皮韧性和果肉黏性,加速果实转红,促进花色苷含量积累,提高了可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和出汁率,加速可滴定酸含量下降;而脱落酸处理对芙蓉李果实质地指标影响不明显,可加速贮藏后期果实转红和花色苷含量积累,提高贮藏后期可溶性固形物含量和固酸比,加速贮藏后期可滴定酸含量下降.由此说明,乙烯利处理可在短期内明显提高芙蓉李果实加工适应性和加工品质,而脱落酸处理无法短期内提高加工适应性,可提高贮藏后期加工品质.

以福建省4个果梅主栽品种青竹梅、龙眼梅、杭梅和白粉梅为试材,分析测定果实的主要性状和营养成分,包括单果质量、果实大小、VC、总酚、类黄酮、可溶性糖、有机酸、香气组分以及矿质元素含量.结果表明,4个果梅品种VC、总酚、类黄酮、可溶性糖、有机酸、香气组分以及矿质元素含量存在显著差异.果梅主要可溶性糖为蔗糖,其次为葡萄糖和果糖;主要有机酸为柠檬酸,其次为苹果酸、琥珀酸、乙酸和奎宁酸;4个果梅品种果实共检测出110种挥发性物质,包括30种酯类、26种醇类、17种醛类、15种酮类、7种酸类以及15种其他类,其中有26种物质为4个品种共有成分,2-己烯醛、己醛、己醇和反式-罗勒烯醇可能是果梅特征香气的重要物质;4个果梅品种含有较高的K、Ca和Se含量.通过主成分分析提取,得出综合得分品种最高为青竹梅,青竹梅果实挥发性物质相对总含量高于其他3个品种且综合品质最佳,适宜作为选育果梅良种的育种材料.本研究结果为明确果梅营养价值评价及其在良种选育、生产加工中的合理利用提供理论依据.

花色苷是李果实中主要的呈色物质,同时也具有较好的生物活性,但由于其组分结构相似,分离制备单体化合物较困难.通过6种大孔吸附树脂比较李花色苷的静态吸附与解析性能,选择D101树脂进行初步纯化,并选用XAD-7树脂对花色苷进行二次纯化.2种树脂均只能对花色苷进行纯化和富集,不能得到单个花色苷组分.经树脂2次纯化富集的花色苷成分,进一步利用半制备高效液相色谱系统(HPLC)分离,获得2个纯度达90％以上的花色苷单体,经HPLC进行分析鉴定分别为矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷和矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷.对所得单体进行清除DPPH自由基的抗氧化活性分析,2个单体均具有较强的清除DPPH自由基的能力,矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷清除DPPH自由基的能力高于矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷.

试验以青竹梅为试材,将果实采后分别置于4、14、24℃和室温(20℃～28℃)条件下贮藏,分析贮藏期间加工品质变化,研究不同贮藏温度对果实加工品质的影响.结果表明,与14、24℃和室温相比,4℃贮藏可有效抑制青梅果实采后出汁率、果皮强度和果肉硬度等快速下降;可有效抑制青梅果实采后a*值上升和果实迅速黄化,从而保持采后鲜果绿色色泽,可抑制果实失重率上升,延缓过氧化物酶活性上升.室温条件下果实采后迅速软化黄化,并较快积累大量丙二醛.不同贮藏温度下青梅果实采后糖酸物质和功效成分的含量变化也有所差异.结果显示,低温贮藏可有效延缓果实采后成熟衰老,有利于保持青梅采后加工品质,该研究可为采后青梅果实贮运保鲜提供参考.

比较微波干燥、热风干燥、真空干燥以及真空冷冻干燥对橄榄果粉外观色泽、物理特性、营养成分及微观结构等品质的影响.结果表明:真空冷冻干燥橄榄果粉色泽较佳,具有较高亮度和最低的红绿度,最接近鲜食橄榄绿色色泽;热风干燥和真空干燥所得果粉吸油性较低,吸湿性较高,热风干燥的果粉堆积密度和溶解度均最高,真空冷冻干燥的果粉堆积密度最低,吸湿率低,复水性、流动性、吸油性和溶解度均较高,微波干燥的果粉含水率最高,复水性、吸湿率、堆积密度、吸油性和溶解度均较低;微波干燥的还原糖、总酸含量损失较小,热风干燥的类黄酮损失较小,真空干燥的总糖和总酚含量损失较小,真空冷冻干燥的蛋白质含量损失较小.扫描电镜观察微观结构发现微波干燥和真空冷冻干燥果粉颗粒间空隙大,组织较光滑完整,皱缩少,热风干燥和真空干燥果粉颗粒间空隙小,部分皱缩.通过主成分分析品质综合得分结果为:真空冷冻干燥>真空干燥>热风干燥>微波干燥.

辣木具有较好的营养价值和功效,为进一步筛选具有更高价值的辣木资源,采用辐射育种,培育优良单株,为辣木产业发展提供支持.以辣木种子为试材,采用15Gy剂量的60Co-γ射线辐射,调查辣木叶片形态特征,分析测定营养品质,包括蛋白质、总黄酮、粗多糖、维生素C、总多酚、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量.结果表明,受辐射的辣木植株与对照相比,其叶片形态特征受影响较大,受辐射的辣木叶片氨基酸、蛋白质和维生素C含量显著高于对照,而总黄酮和总酚含量极显著低于对照;与对照相比,受辐射的辣木叶片不同脂肪酸含量呈极显著差异.可见,采用辐射育种可显著改变辣木叶片品质,对高品质选育种具有较好效果.

Anthocyanin accumulation is responsible for red pigmentation in plum peel and affected by light and temperature. We investigated the effects of temperature and LED light (400-800 nm, with following red: green: blue ratio 20.9: 75.7: 3.4 respectively) with total radiant flux adjusted at 150 mol m- 2 s- 1 on anthocyanin accumulation in postharvest 'Akihime' plum peel and found that 20 degrees C/light could induce anthocyanin concentration and therefore improve red coloration. However, no significant anthocyanin accumulation was detected in the peel of plums treated with 30 degrees C or under dark conditions. RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR analysis showed that the transcript levels of anthocyanin accumulation-related genes, including phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumaroyl:CoA-ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the peel were upregulated by 20 degrees C/light treatment. Transcription factors differentially regulated by temperature and light were identified. A homolog of peach anthocyanin MYB activator, namely PsMYB10.1, was lowly expressed in the peel of unpigmented fruit but significantly upregulated by 20 degrees C/light treatment. The function of PsMYB10.1 was verified by transient overexpression in Nicotiana tabacum leaves, resulting in strong anthocyanin accumulation when coinfiltrated with PsbHLH3. Dual luciferase assays further showed that PsMYB10.1 activated the promoters of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PsANS, PsUFGT and PsGST. These results suggest that appropriate temperature and light regimes at postharvest can induce anthocyanin accumulation in the peel of 'Akihime' plum by activating the expression of the positive regulator PsMYB10.1 and consequently the genes involved in biosynthesis and transportation of anthocyanin.

Plum is one of the most important stone fruits in the world and anthocyanin-rich plums are increasingly popular due to their health-promoting potential. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation in the flesh of the red-fleshed mutant of the yellow-fleshed plum ‘Sanyueli’. RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR showed that anthocyanin biosynthetic genes and the transcription factor PsMYB10.2 were upregulated in the flesh of the mutant. Functional testing in tobacco leaves indicated that PsMYB10.2 was an anthocyanin pathway activator and can activate the promoter of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PsUFGT and PsGST . The role of PsMYB10.2 in anthocyanin accumulation in the flesh of plum was further confirmed by virus-induced gene silencing. These results provide information for further elucidating the underlying mechanisms of anthocyanin accumulation in the flesh of plum and for the breeding of new red-fleshed plum cultivars.

为了解Aux/IAA家族基因在李果实成熟过程中的生物学功能,通过生物信息学鉴定三月李及其红肉突变体果实转录组中的Aux/IAA家族基因,并分析其在果实成熟过程中的表达模式.结果 表明,三月李及其红肉突变体果实转录组中共有26个Aux/IAA家族成员,大部分为位于细胞核的不稳定亲水蛋白质.系统进化树分析表明,Aux/IAA家族成员可分为A、B两组,共9个亚组.大部分Aux/IAA蛋白质含有4个高度保守的结构域.16个Aux/IAA家族基因在三月李及其红肉突变体果实成熟过程中差异表达.PsIAA 11、PsIAA13、PsIAA14、PsIAA18、PsIAA19和PsIAA25在三月李及其红肉突变体果实成熟过程中的表达模式存在显著差异.上述结果表明,Aux/IAA家族基因与李果实成熟密切相关,这为深入研究Aux/IAA家族基因在李果实成熟过程中的功能奠定了基础.