As market competition intensifies, modern enterprises prioritize customer demands, leading to an increased emphasis on multi-variety and small-batch production. In this article, we study the online scheduling problem for incompatible batch processing with the deterioration effect to minimize the maximum delivery completion time in the billet rolling process, where the batch capacity and delivery capacity are unbounded. We assume that the processing time of job J(j )is expressed as p(j )= a(j)(A + Bt), where A > 0, B > 0, t denotes the start time of job and a(j) > 0 represents the job's processing deterioration rate. For such an online problem, we first prove that the lower bound of the problem is (1+Ba-max)(k), where k denotes the number of job families and a(max )represents the maximum deterioration ratio in job instance. Then we design an online algorithm Largest Delivery Time With Batch Processing and demonstrate that the competitive ratio of the algorithm is no more than 1+(1+Ba-max)(k). Finally, experiments on randomly generated instances prove that our algorithm is reasonable and effective.

In this paper, we consider the parallel-machine scheduling with step-deteriorating jobs. The actual processing time of each job deteriorates as a step function if its starting time is beyond a given deteriorating date. We focus on the case of the common job deteriorating date. For the minimization problem of total completion time, we first show that the problem is NP-hard in the strong sense. Then we propose one property of any optimal schedule. Furthermore, we prove that two special cases of common normal processing time or common penalty are polynomially solvable. For the minimization problem of total weighted completion time, we analyze the NP-hardness and present a polynomial time optimal algorithm for the case of common normal processing time and common penalty.

近二十年来,区域贸易协定由于自身的角色优势成为世界范围内贸易管制的一个重要因素.在自然人跨境流动方面,区域贸易协定相对于GATS模式4条款在规则上进行了延伸发展,并促成了区域范围内缔约方相关承诺的动态演变.RCEP作为全球经贸规模最大的区域贸易协定,专设一章"自然人临时移动",更进一步地实现了经济性跨境移徙机会的自由度与便利化.从规则设置与架构搭建角度来讲,区域贸易安排的成就是更好地平衡了跨境移徙自由化的利益与接受国移徙监管的风险,但同时存在便利化改进的空间.2019年末暴发的新冠肺炎疫情使得国际贸易遭遇前所未有的严重冲击,尤其是需要人员跨界存在的模式4更是受到了毁灭性影响.RCEP可在既有框架下促成区域内合作以应对因疫情而加剧的流动性壁垒带来的严峻挑战.以RCEP为代表的区域安排不仅为区域内人员流动的发展提供了重要的制度支持,而且对未来全球相关经贸规则的制定也具有深远的影响.

目的 探讨替牙期含牙囊肿内埋伏上颌中切牙开窗联合正畸牵引术对牙根发育的影响.方法 选取2015-08—2018-08间郑州大学第一附属医院收治的15例单侧替牙期含牙囊肿内埋伏上颌中切牙作为治疗牙,均行开窗联合正畸牵引术.以同颌对侧15颗正常同名牙作为对照牙,观察治疗效果.结果 本组牵引时间8～14个月,平均11个月.牵引治疗结束时,15例含牙囊肿内新骨生成,颌骨囊腔消失,囊内埋伏牙均牵引到位.治疗牙和对照牙的牙根长度变化量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).牵引结束后1 a,治疗牙牙周牙髓状况良好,囊肿无复发.牙根长度虽然与对照牙仍存在统计学差异(P<0.05),但较牵引前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 对替牙期含牙囊肿内埋伏上颌中切牙患儿行开窗联合正畸牵引治疗,有利于牙根继续发育.

额外牙,表现为除正常牙外额外的牙齿[1],是一种常见的牙齿数目发育异常.目前,额外牙的病因尚不明确.通常额外牙无明显症状,但可对颌骨和牙弓中的正常牙齿产生不利影响[2 -6],如恒牙迟萌或恒牙埋伏阻生、牙列不齐、邻牙牙根吸收、含牙囊肿等.额外牙可单发或多发,一般以 3 个以及 3 个以上的额外牙称为多发性额外牙,全口多发性额外牙少见.额外牙可埋伏于上颌中切牙区、前磨牙区、智齿区等,最常发生的是上颌前牙区,其次是上下颌前磨牙区[7].本文介绍了 1 例前磨牙区多发性埋伏额外牙病例,现结合相关文献报告如下.

随着网络空间国际法治的不断推进,网络恐怖主义犯罪国际法治理引发了国际社会和学界的普遍关注.网络恐怖主义犯罪国际法治理的主要法律依据是现有网络犯罪国际公约,部分公约直接或间接涉及网络恐怖主义犯罪,但它们的实体、程序和国际合作规则的适用均存在不完善.问题可归因于它们均未对网络恐怖主义犯罪的概念进行规定,相关实体性罪名规范过于简单,亦未针对该罪的特性设置相应的程序规则.改进网络恐怖主义犯罪国际法治理情况应从明确界定网络恐怖主义的概念并增设专门的刑罚规则与程序规范入手.

目的 分析上颌埋伏尖牙的常见位置及临近切牙牙根的吸收情况.方法 选择2016年11月至2018年5月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的曲面断层片上存在上颌埋伏尖牙的40例患者(49颗埋伏尖牙),拍摄口腔颌面锥形束CT(CBCT),分析上颌骨中埋伏牙的位置和临近切牙是否发生牙根吸收.结果 40例患者中,造成临近切牙牙根吸收的埋伏尖牙17颗,占34.7％;49颗埋伏尖牙中,唇侧34颗,占69.4％.埋伏尖牙所处颌骨矢状位置位于颌骨中央的临近切牙牙根吸收发生率依次高于腭侧、唇侧,2～4区切牙牙根吸收发生率高于0～1区,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论 上颌埋伏尖牙常发生于唇侧,临近切牙牙根是否吸收与埋伏尖牙所处矢状向和近远中向位置有关.

随着武汉市新的社会阶层队伍日益壮大,新的社会阶层统战工作成为统一战线工作新的着力点,对新的社会阶层人士的教育培训正逐渐成为统战工作的重要一环.政策的支持和社会主义学院资源为其培训提供了良好的平台和丰富的资源,武汉市已经逐步开展新的社会阶层培训工作并取得了预期效果,但在培训范围和培训内容方面还存在不足,这需要不断探索,提升培训效果,使新的社会阶层人士成为具有较高专业知识和政治素养的中国特色社会主义事业的建设者.

随着《中国入世议定书》第15条到期生效,一时间,我国能否因此摆脱歧视性待遇并适时获得“市场经济地位”便成了学界和政界争论的焦点.实际上,第15条所涉及的替代国方法和市场经济地位是两个不同的法律问题.在此基础上,从条约解释角度对第15条进行解读,不难看出,第15条并不涉及市场经济地位的评价标准,其到期终止后的法律效果仅限于替代国方法应无条件终止.至于中国能否取得市场经济地位则要看其是否符合WTO成员国国内法有关市场经济地位的规定.

目的:探讨冠心病在应用瑞舒伐他汀治疗过程中对心功能、血脂、血液流变学、内皮功能等相关指标的影响.方法:选择我院收治的冠心病患者92例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组46例.对照组接受冠心病常规对症治疗;治疗组在对照组基础上加用瑞舒伐他汀治疗.结果:治疗组在冠心病用药治疗前后心功能、血脂、血液流变学、内皮功能等相关指标水平的改善幅度明显大于对照组.结论:采用瑞舒伐他汀治疗冠心病,可以使心功能、血脂、血液流变学、内皮功能等相关指标水平的改善幅度加大.

公平公正待遇与征收补偿规定是国际投资协定中的基本条款,也是涉及文化保护的国际投资争端中的争议焦点.前者广泛存在于媒体领域等带有文化因素的国际投资案例,后者目前主要出现在与文化遗产保护相关的投资争端中.公平公正待遇并不限制东道国基于文化产业特性采取特殊规制的权利,但要求通过透明及可预期的国内政策法规体系来保证文化投资者的合理预期,国内措施在实施层面应保证具体程序的非歧视与不武断.大多数投资协定都对征收行为设定了公共利益保护的合法条件,以UNESCO相关公约所确立的文化遗产保护的国际法义务正日益成为东道国将保护文化作为公共利益选择的国际法依据.一方面,对文化遗产间接征收的认定上,纯粹效果标准占据了主流;另一方面在补偿义务及标准的确定上,并不能因保护文化遗产而豁免于补偿义务,但可以考虑因此而削减补偿数额.

研究m台批处理机上的等长工件在线排序问题.在该问题中,工件是随着时间依次到达的,每个工件J具有一个共同的加工时间p＞0,一个释放时间rj≥0,一个必须交货期dj＞0.一台机器可以同时加工b个工件(b个工件构成一批),b=∞表示批容量无界.每一批的加工时间由该批中工件的最长加工时间来决定.同一批中的所有工件均具有相同的开工时间和完工时间,目标是确定一个工件可以被中断重启的在线排序最大化接收工件总个数.首先,当m=2、3时分别给出了问题的下界为2和6/5.其次,设计出了问题的一个在线算法H并证明其竞争比分别为3(当m=2时)、4(当m=3或m≥4为偶数时)和5(当m≥5为奇数时).

财税政策措施通常指财政支出领域的资金给予和财政收入领域的税收优惠.我国文化产业的实践已经证明,单纯的市场机制并不能从根本上解决我国文化产业的发展问题,适度又有针对性的财税政策是发展我国文化产业的重要保障.经济全球化背景下,产业政策与贸易政策有着紧密的联系,彼此协调的趋势已定.SCM协定等WTO相关规则为我国制定实施文化产业财税政策措施提供了国际法依据的同时,也意味着对其的限制.因此我国文化产业财税政策措施的制定与改进,必然应在WTO框架下基于贸易政策与产业政策的协调来进行:分阶段废除涉文化产品的禁止性出口补贴,避免其他补贴措施的专向性,适度扩大文化服务出口补贴,加大针对文化服务产业的财税优惠力度.

We consider the online scheduling with job rejection to minimize the total weighted completion time of the scheduled jobs plus the total rejection penalty of the rejected jobs. In the problem, a set of independent jobs arriving online over time has to be scheduled with the flexibility of rejecting some of the jobs, where preemption is not allowed and the information of each job, including its processing time, release date, weight, and rejection penalty, is not known in advance. For this problem, using a technique named Greedy-Interval-Rejection, we provide an online algorithm with a competitive ratio of at most \(4+\varepsilon \) on identical machines and an online algorithm with a competitive ratio of at most 8 on unrelated machines, respectively.

文化权利作为一种基本人权一直是人权领域里的“不发达部门”,全球化时代经济一体化与媒介一体化导致文化权利的保护与实现面临更多难题.《文化多样性宣言》与《文化多样性公约》等文化多样性国际法文件作为联合国教科文组织致力于文化事务的重大成果,对于文化权利的影响通过其明示及暗含的规定得以体现.人权和基本自由是文化多样性国际法文件得以形成的基础,文化权利的集体属性与具体内容因为文化多样性国际法文件的相关规定而更加清晰且有针对性;通过与文化多样性这一价值诉求的现实关联,文化权利在国内与国际层面保护与促进文化多样性的过程中必然能够得到进一步的完善.

The relationship between cultural diversity and intellectual property has gradually become a hot issue with the conflict between the aim of sustainable development and trade interests of intellectual property.Due to the determination of IP as an individualu0027s property and the trend of economic interests,there often appears the improper monopoly caused by protecting IP in international trade,which is considered as the main expression of cultural diversity destroyed by intellectual property. The aim of TRIPS,the rules of rights protection,rights restriction and abuse rules can play positive roles in the process of realizing cultural diversity,but there are still flaws in the application. As the milestone of international law on culture,the Convention on Cultural Diversity may provide a considerable legal basis for interpreting the aim of TRIPS internationally and determining the application standard of exceptional rules.

In this paper, we study a new primary–secondary bicriteria scheduling problem on identical machines. The primary objective is to minimize the total completion time of all jobs and the secondary objective is to minimize the maximum T-time of all machines, where the T-time of a machine is defined as the total completion time of the jobs scheduled on the machine. The problem is to find a non-preemptive schedule of minimizing the secondary objective subject to the constraint that the primary objective is minimized. It is implied in the literature that the problem is ordinarily NP-hard if the number of machines is fixed, and strongly NP-hard if the number of machines is a part of input. When the number of machines is fixed, we present a pseudo-polynomial-time algorithm and a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme. Then we analyze the classic algorithm SPT which schedules jobs to machines greedily in the order of non-decreasing processing times. We show that the worst-case ratio of SPT is of at most 11/6 and at least 5/3. Furthermore, we present another algorithm, called RSPT, with the worst-case ratio of at most 3/2 and at least 11/9.

We consider the single-machine online scheduling with job rejection to minimize the total completion time of the scheduled jobs plus the total rejection cost of the rejected jobs under an agreeable condition on the processing times and rejection penalties of the jobs. In the problem, a set of independent jobs arriving online over time has to be scheduled on the machine with the flexibility of rejecting some of the jobs, where preemption is not allowed and the information of each job J(j), including its processing time p(j), release date r(j) and rejection penalty e(j), is not known in advance. The agreeable condition means that, for every two jobs J(i) and J(j), p(i) < p(j) implies e(i) >= e(j), and furthermore, p(i) = p(j) and r(i) < r(j) imply e(i) >= e(j). For this problem, we provide an online algorithm with the best possible competitive ratio of 2. As a consequence, the online algorithm is also best possible when the jobs have identical rejection penalties. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

在国际法领域,"文化多样性"概念已逐渐成为讨论的焦点,但不同的语境中侧重点不同——有时作为一个与"生物多样性(biological diversity)"相关的术语,着重其与现有知识产权保护制度之间的关系;有时又以其与"文化例外(cultural exception)"的历史联系为基础探讨多边体制下贸易与文化的相互关系。然而,可以明确地是,迄今还没有有关文化多样性的精确定义;即便是在联合国教科文组织制定通过了举世瞩目的《保护和促进文化表现形式多样性公约》,在国际层面上,我们仍然还停留于从宏观角度将文化多样性看做是法律政策的宗旨和原则。

自台湾加入WTO后,有关WTO争端解决机制如何在台湾适用的问题就时有讨论。WTO争端解决机制的司法先进性以及WTO协定中有关成员资格开放性、强制管辖权以及管辖案件性质的规定从理论上赋予了台湾诉诸WTO争端解决机制的权利;然而DSU规则中有关裁决执行力的局限性加上台湾自身经贸与政治实力的弱小,又使得台湾适用WTO争端解决机制遭遇困境。从台湾入世以来在WTO争端解决方面的表现,可以看出其偏向以第三方身份出现,在方式上具有一定的选择性;且仅有3次作为申诉方提起诉讼,在过程上具有一定的渐进性。鉴于WTO争端解决机制在台湾适用性方面的分析及台湾参与WTO争端解决的实践活动,在处理海峡两岸贸易争端时,进行官方磋商,达成WTO项下和解协议,并最终构建区域性贸易争端解决机制才是合适的发展方向。