A novel in-situ synthesis strategy employing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) as a dual C-N precursor was developed to fabricate Ti(C,N)/CoCr0.5FeNiTi0.2 composites. The controlled decomposition of g-C3N4 at 1050 degrees C enabled uniform Ti(C,N) precipitation with semi-coherent interfaces, leading to refined grains (similar to 2.1 mu m), elevated dislocation density, and enhanced interfacial load transfer. At the optimum reinforcement level (1.0 wt % g-C3N4), the composite exhibited 99.3 % relative density, 857 HV hardness, and 1297 MPa ultimate tensile strength. Multi-scale characterization combined with molecular dynamics simulations revealed that Ti(C,N) particles enhance mechanical properties through grain refinement, dislocation hindrance, thermal-mismatchinduced residual stresses, and effective load transfer. At the atomic scale, Ti(C,N) acted simultaneously as dislocation sources and obstacles, markedly increasing dislocation density, while stacking-fault networks at subgrain boundaries further contributed to yield-strength increments. A quantitative strengthening model accurately predicted the experimental results with deviations below 5 %. The MD simulations reproduced the dynamic interfacial failure process, including atomic rearrangement, bond rupture, critical yielding, and ultimate fracture. The study delivers a high-performance HEA composite while elucidating processing-microstructure-property correlations, thereby advancing the understanding of strengthening mechanisms and providing the design of nanoparticle-reinforced metallic materials.

Although scalable artificial photosynthesis for H2O2 production is a promising technique, it is not yet widely adopted as an industrially viable process. Herein, a 2D n–n heterojunction photocatalyst has been fabricated by integrating hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)‐modified g‐C3N4 with BiOBr. The heterojunction is denoted as CN‐x/BOB‐y, where x and y represent the mass ratios of HEC/g‐C3N4 and g‐C3N4/BiOBr, respectively. Under simulated visible light irradiation, CN‐0.4/BOB‐0.5 achieves a remarkable H2O2 production rate of 5897 μM g−1 h−1, outperforming BiOBr and HEC/g‐C3N4 by factors of 2.04 and 2.38, respectively. It also records an apparent quantum yield (AQY) and mass‐normalized AQY of 0.167% and 8.34E‐02 molecules·photon−1·g−1, respectively. The synergy between HEC modification and heterojunction construction underpins the superior performance, driving efficient charge carrier separation alongside a marked increase in specific surface area. Energy band alignment analysis and scavenger trapping experiments collectively reveal that charge carriers in CN‐0.4/BOB‐0.5 follow an S‐scheme charge transfer pathway, enabling enhanced redox capability and efficient charge separation across the built‐in electric field within a well‐engineered heterojunction. This work presents a novel strategy for constructing a highly efficient photocatalytic system for H2O2 generation under visible light irradiation.

Al0.5CoCrFeNiBx (x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5) high-entropy alloy (HEA)-based composites reinforced with in-situ formed Cr2B ceramic particles were successfully fabricated via spark plasma sintering (SPS). The influences of Cr2B formation on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and high-temperature tribological behavior were systematically evaluated. The introduction of B promoted the precipitation of thermally stable Cr2B along grain boundaries, resulting in significant grain refinement (from 9.83 mu m to 3.85 mu m) and increased dislocation density. These microstructural evolutions facilitated multiple strengthening mechanisms, including grain boundary pinning, dislocation strengthening, load transfer and Orowan bypass, enabling the Al0.5CoCrFeNiB0.3 composite to achieve a yield strength of 861 MPa and hardness of 457.1 HV, representing increases of 71.8 % and 58.9 %, respectively, compared with Al0.5CoCrFeNi HEA. Tribological tests conducted at 25 degrees C, 400 degrees C and 700 degrees C revealed that the Al0.5CoCrFeNiB0.3 composite consistently exhibited lower friction coefficients and reduced wear rates compared with the unreinforced HEA. Notably, at 700 degrees C, the formation of a composite oxide film comprising Cr2O3 and B2O3 provided a load-bearing skeleton and high-temperature self-lubricating layer, resulting in a 26.4 % reduction in wear rate. This work demonstrates an effective strategy for strengthening HEAbased composites through in-situ ceramic reinforcement and highlights the potential of Cr2B for improving hightemperature wear resistance.

In direct-current magnetron sputtering, deposition results are governed by radial non-uniformity and by the transfer of particle energy and angular information across successive stages. Conventional descriptions based on averaged quantities cannot preserve these features. In this work, a ring-resolved cross-scale framework is established by using erosion rings as a common spatial basis and particle fluxes and energy-angle distributions as transfer variables. The framework links magnetic-field reconstruction, PIC-MCC discharge, sputtered-source reconstruction, and MC-Boltzmann transport to substrate-arrival statistics. For Cu deposition on Si taken as the baseline case, with a Ti interlayer introduced during optimization, the baseline assessment shows insufficient Cu-film thickness uniformity and excessive Ti-layer thickness. Under the selected optimal condition, the Cu-film thickness-uniformity index increases from 0.746 to 0.817, while the Ti-layer thickness decreases from 147.4 to 122.7 nm. Simulated substrate-arrival trends are consistent with measured film responses, showing that the framework can be used for condition screening and process evaluation. Near the optimal condition, pressure fluctuations from 0.75 to 0.85 Pa can be compensated by adjusting a nominal deposition time of 600 s to 571.2-630.2 s. The framework is applicable to Ar-dominated direct-current magnetron sputtering with non-magnetic metallic targets.

FeCoNiCr/MXene composite coatings have been fabricated on the Inconel 718 using direct current electrodeposition from an plating bath containing varying MXene concentration. The coatings' morphology, structure, and composition are characterized. The mechanical properties, wear resistance at room and elevated temperature (200 degrees C, 400 degrees C and 600 degrees C), as well as corrosion resistance are investigated. FeCoNiCr/MXene composite coating exhibits a face-centered cubic structure with numerous microprotrusions distributed on its surface, identified as MXene microstructures encapsulated by FeCoNiCr. At an optimal MXene concentration of 7 g L-1, the elemental distribution is highly uniform, yielding an MXene-reinforced Fe15Co34.5Ni34.8Cr15.7 composite. At this concentration, the coating demonstrated the finest grain size (4.4 nm), the highest hardness (663.0 HV), the lowest room-temperature friction coefficient (0.1229) and wear rate (1.086 & times; 10-5 mm3 N-1 m-1), and maintained the lowest friction coefficient (0.2883) at 600 degrees C. Electrochemical measurements revealed the maximum charge transfer resistance (R ct) of 2671 Omega cm2, a corrosion potential (E corr) of -0.407 V, and a corrosion current density (I corr) of 1.049 & times; 10-5 A cm-2. FeCoNiCr/MXene composite coating possesses high hardness, exceptional wear and friction-reducing properties, excellent high-temperature wear resistance, and superior corrosion resistance. These are attributed to MXene-induced grain refinement, dispersion strengthening, and MXene's 2D layered structure, outstanding self-lubricating properties, and chemical stability.

The strategic coupling of photocatalytic H2O2 production with the selective oxidation of alcohols to value-added aldehydes represents a transformative approach toward maximizing solar-to-chemical energy conversion. To realize such a dual-function system, potassium-doped graphitic carbon nitride containing nitrogen vacancies (KCN-Nv) has been synthesized via a molten-salt-assisted KOH-etching strategy. The optimized photocatalyst exhibits a high selectivity of approximately 99% for the oxidation of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol to anisaldehyde, along with a high H2O2 production rate of 8789 mu mol g- 1 h- 1. It also achieves an apparent quantum yield of 4.97%, significantly outperforming most previously reported g-C3N4-based photocatalysts under similar conditions. The superior performance of KCN-Nv arises synergistically from the structural and electronic modifications introduced during synthesis. KCl-LiCl molten-salt treatment introduces interlayer K+ ions and cyano groups, which enhance the separation and transport of photoinduced charge carriers while also promoting proton capture during the reaction. Meanwhile, KOH etching generates nitrogen vacancies, which strengthen O2 adsorption and further improve intralayer charge mobility. Notably, the proximity of cyano groups and nitrogen vacancies creates a proton- and oxygen-enriched microenvironment, significantly accelerating H2O2 formation. This study demonstrates that the synergistic co-engineering of K doping, cyano functionalization, and nitrogen vacancies in g-C3N4 provides a potent strategy for designing dual-function photocatalysts capable of integrated H2O2 photosynthesis and selective alcohol oxidation under visible light.

Enhancing the photocatalytic efficiency of zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn2S4, ZIS) for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production remains a significant challenge. Based on a viscous solvent system, this study innovatively introduced polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to assist the hydrothermal synthesis of ZnIn2S4. Acting as both a dispersant and stabilizer, PVP guided the self-assembly of nanosheets into a highly ordered petal-like architecture with expanded interlayer spacing, while effectively suppressing random nanoparticle aggregation. This unique structure not only enhanced light harvesting and mass transfer efficiency but also facilitated electron transport through nanosheet bridges. This distinctive architecture enhances light absorption and mass transfer, while the interconnected nanoflake networks provide efficient pathways for electron transport. This integrated design effectively suppresses photogenerated charge recombination and increases the accessibility of active sites. Consequently, the optimized 160-PVP@ZIS sample yielded 843.2 mu M of H2O2, 2.92 times higher than pristine ZIS. Combined XPS and FTIR analyses revealed that sulfur vacancy enrichment and surface hydroxylation synergistically promoted the generation of key reactive oxygen species (& sdot;OH and & sdot;O2-), thereby enhancing the photocatalytic performance. This study demonstrates that PVP-assisted hydrothermal synthesis provides an effective strategy to regulate both morphology and surface chemistry, offering new design principles for highperformance ZnIn2S4-based photocatalysts toward sustainable H2O2 production.

Photocatalytic technology enables effective remediation of aqueous pollutants, owing to its environmental compatibility and efficiency. This research aims to optimize the synthesis pathway for bismuth vanadate (BiVO4), a pivotal photocatalyst, through hydrothermal processing. By modulating the water/ethylene glycol (EG) solvent ratio, we established a high-viscosity system that enables precise control over BiVO4 nucleation-growth kinetics and crystallographic orientation, generating biomimetic peanut-like hierarchical architectures. The polyol solvent EG, with a viscosity similar to 30-fold higher than deionized water and strong coordination capability, critically governs precursor ion behavior. At elevated EG proportions (e.g., H2O: EG = 1:2, v/v), the hydroxyl groups of EG molecules preferentially coordinate with Bi3+ ions to form stable [Bi(EG)_n](3+) complexes, retarding Bi3+ release, lowering supersaturation, and shifting nucleation from instantaneous to progressive modes. This transition facilitates uniform primary nanoparticle formation. Integrated characterization employing XRD, UV-DRS, FT-IR, XPS, BET, TEM, and SEM techniques conclusively demonstrated the structural integrity of the synthesized system. The optimized 20 EG-BiVO4 demonstrated exceptional cycling stability (85.4 % efficiency retention after 4 cycles) and broad-spectrum degradation capability toward antibiotics and dyes (61.4 % enhancement vs. conventional decahedral BiVO4). This acid/base-free synthesis strategy based on EG obviates the necessity for pH regulation, thereby providing simplified processing and reduced costs in developing advanced photocatalytic systems.

The efficient degradation of persistent organic pollutants in water represents a critical bottleneck in the development of sustainable photocatalytic purification technologies. Herein, a bismuth (Bi)/bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) Schottky junction photocatalyst with abundant accessible active sites is constructed by anchoring plasmonic Bi nanoparticles onto polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-modified Bi2WO6 microspheres for wastewater treatment. The PVP modification optimizes the morphology of Bi2WO6 by constructing hierarchical microspheres with highly exposed surfaces. Meanwhile, the in-situ deposition of metallic Bi establishes an intimate metal–semiconductor interface, generating a built-in electric field at the Bi/Bi2WO6 interface that modulates the electronic structure. Combined experimental and density functional theory calculations reveal two key functions of the Bi/Bi2WO6 system. First, plasmonic Bi enhances visible light harvesting and photogenerated charge carrier generation. Second, the interfacial Schottky junction induces a built-in electric field that facilitates electron extraction while inhibiting charge recombination. Benefiting from these synergistic structural and electronic advantages, the optimized photocatalyst achieves 94.7% tetracycline degradation within 30 min under visible light, representing a 6.87-fold enhancement over pristine Bi2WO6 and a high turnover frequency of 426.2 μmol g-1 h-1. It also exhibits broad-spectrum activity toward multiple pollutants, including Rhodamine B, methylene blue, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin, together with excellent stability and sustained performance in different water matrices. This work highlights the effectiveness of combining Schottky junction engineering with morphology control to regulate ultrafast charge dynamics for high-performance photocatalytic water purification.

Dual-functional photocatalysts that simultaneously drive oxygen reduction and organic oxidation provide a sustainable pathway for integrated chemical synthesis. Herein, we report a triazine-based graphitic carbon nitride prepared via phosphorus (P) salt-induced and molten salt-assisted polymerization, featuring spatially adjacent P dopants and cyano defects. Combined experimental and DFT studies reveal that the close proximity of P dopants and cyano defects enhances O2 adsorption and proton generation, while establishing a tailored microenvironment that shortens proton migration distances to surface-bound O2. This facilitates a stepwise twoelectron oxygen reduction reaction for H2O2 photosynthesis. In addition, the formation of shallow trap states suppresses electron-hole recombination and promotes charge carrier relaxation and transfer. Under simulated solar irradiation, the optimized catalyst (2.5 K-PCN) achieves an impressive H2O2 production rate of 2127.7 mu mol g- 1 h- 1, with a turnover frequency of 8.3 h- 1 and a solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency of 0.17%. Simultaneously, it enables selective oxidation of 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol to anisaldehyde with a yield of 4836.9 mu mol g- 1 h- 1 and nearly 100% selectivity. This work underscores the crucial role of dopant-defect spatial configuration in enhancing photocatalytic efficiency, offering new insights into synergistic effects and a strategy for designing advanced g-C3N4-based catalysts.

Photocatalytic oxygen reduction provides a sustainable method for on-site hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) synthesis. However, most photocatalysts suffer from moderate kinetics due to sluggish electron transfer and inefficient oxygen adsorption and activation. Herein, sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are co-incorporated into graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) via a and molten salt-assisted polymerization. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the synergistic interaction between intralayer Na+ ions and interlayer K+ ions facilitates charge carrier separation and migration both within and between g-C3N4 layers. Additionally, multiple heteroatom sites enhance surface charge polarization and introduce cyano groups, which synergistically promote oxygen molecule (O2) adsorption and elevate local proton coverage. Simultaneously, the energy barrier for H2O2 desorption on the optimal photocatalyst (5Na/3.3K-CN) is lowered, thus improving H2O2 production efficiency. Eventually, 5Na/3.3K-CN exhibits an impressive H2O2 yield of 2541.6 mu molg-1h-1 in an artificial reactor, which is 10.6 times higher than that of pure g-C3N4 (240.2 mu molg-1h-1). Under natural sunlight outdoors, 5Na/3.3K-CN still maintains ultrahigh H2O2 photosynthesis efficiency, achieving an H2O2 photosynthesis rate of 2068.7 mu molg-1h-1. This work introduces a straightforward method to simultaneously optimize charge transfer and O2 activation for boosting H2O2 photosynthesis, offering valuable insights toward the real-world deployment of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts in environmental protection and energy conversion.

Nickel oxide (NiO) is a promising material for electrochromic applications. However, its practical performance is often constrained by sluggish ion transport, moderate electronic conductivity, and poor cycling stability. To address these challenges, this study presents a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of Al-doped NiO films fabricated via magnetron sputtering. Experimental results show that Al incorporation induces preferential (111) growth, increases surface roughness, and promotes anisotropic grain growth, which significantly enhance the electrochromic reaction kinetics and ion transport. The optimized film (Al-20 W) exhibits a high optical contrast of 56.92% at 550 nm, a coloration efficiency of 27.28 cm2/C, relatively fast response times (3.91 s for coloration and 1.47 s for bleaching), and good 1000-cycle cycling stability with 98% capacity retention relative to the 10th-cycle capacity. First-principles calculations based on idealized crystalline models suggest that substitutional Al can lower the local Li+ migration barrier and modify the calculated electronic band structure, providing qualitative insight into the improved ion/electron transport behavior. These theoretical trends are consistent with the experimentally observed reduction in charge transfer resistance and improved electrochromic kinetics. Overall, this work reveals a coupled ion-electron transport optimization mechanism induced by Al doping, providing a rational design strategy for high-performance NiO-based electrochromic materials.

ZnIn2S4 is a promising visible-light photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution and pollutant degradation, suffers from limited practical efficiency due to its narrow light absorption range and insufficient active sites. In this work, we report a facile one-step hydrothermal strategy employing a high-viscosity solvent system to regulate the morphology of ZnIn2S4. By precisely tuning the solvent ratio, three-dimensional hydrangea-like ZnIn2S4 microspheres with a large specific surface area were successfully obtained. Structural analyses revealed that solvent-mediated morphology regulation not only enhanced crystallinity but also optimized the local crystal structure and surface defects. The hydrangea-like ZnIn2S4 exhibited significantly improved light-harvesting ability and more efficient charge separation, owing to its hierarchical architecture and defect-enriched surface. The optimized photocatalyst demonstrated remarkable performance in visible-light-driven tetracycline degradation, achieving 94.6 % removal within 1 h. The corresponding apparent reaction rate constant was 1.89 times higher than that of the microspherical counterpart, and excellent cycling stability was maintained over repeated runs. Further spectroscopic studies confirmed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity originates from accelerated charge transfer dynamics and effective utilization of reactive sites. This study highlights the critical role of morphology engineering in tailoring photocatalyst structures, offering new design principles for developing efficient ZnIn2S4-based photocatalysts toward sustainable water purification and environmental remediation.

In response to the core demands for bendable and fast-response optical modulators in wearable flexible electronic devices, the development of high-performance flexible electrochromic materials and devices is of significant importance. In this study, Li + doped WO3 films were fabricated on ITO/PET flexible substrates using DC magnetron sputtering. The electrochromic performance of the films with different Li+ doping levels was tested using an electrochemical workstation and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Furthermore, the effects of doping on the microstructure and morphology of the films were analyzed through XRD, SEM, and AFM observations. The results show that at a sputtering power of 10 W and a deposition time of 25 min, the film achieved an average optical modulation range of 59.39%, with the maximum optical modulation at 426 nm reaching 83.33%. The coloring and bleaching response times were 9.47 s and 2.7 s, respectively. At this stage, the Li doping concentration reaches 27.013%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the film prepared under these conditions exhibited the lowest interfacial resistance, measuring 63.77 Omega.This study not only clarifies the regulation of optical and electrochemical properties of WO3 electrochromic films by Li + doping levels, providing a clear optimal doping parameter window for the controlled preparation of high-performance flexible WO3-based electrochromic films, but also lays a solid experimental foundation for their low-power, fast-response applications in fields such as flexible displays and wearable smart devices.

In this study, TiC-Al0.5CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) matrix composites were successfully fabricated by incorporating varying contents of nano-TiC ceramic particles into the Al0.5CoCrFeNi HEA using spark plasma sintering (SPS). The effects of TiC content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were systematically investigated. Unlike previous reports predominantly using micron-sized TiC and higher additions, we introduce nano-sized (similar to 40 nm) TiC particles at ultra-low contents, which are dispersed along the grain boundaries without altering the dual-phase structure of the HEA matrix. This nanoscale intergranular distribution effectively promotes grain refinement(9.8 um -> 5.7 um -> 3.5 um) and increases dislocation density(2.72 x 10(14) m(-2) -> 3.97 x 10(14) m(-2) -> 5.14 x 10(14) m(-2)). The TiC-Al0.5CoCrFeNi composite exhibited a hardness of 370.6 HV and a tensile strength of 1157 MPa, representing improvements of 29.3 % and 37.7 %, respectively, compared to the HEA. The fracture mechanism of the HEA was characterized by ductile fracture, whereas the composite displayed a mixed fracture mechanism combining ductile and brittle features. A detailed analysis of the strengthening mechanisms indicated that grain refinement, dislocation strengthening, load transfer and the Orowan mechanism jointly contributed to the enhanced mechanical properties.

To enhance the fire suppression performance of Class A foam, this study identifies sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as the primary foaming agent and develops a high-efficiency foam system comprising primary and auxiliary foaming agents, wetting agents, and foam stabilizers. It interprets these macroscopic findings at the molecular level through molecular dynamics simulations. Sixteen formulations were designed using orthogonal experiments and evaluated in terms of surface tension, viscosity, wetting performance, and foam expansion ratio. The results demonstrated that the formulated systems exhibited superior foaming characteristics compared to conventional aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), while other physicochemical properties were inferior. Two high-performing foam systems were further investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Analysis of the spatial concentration distributions, diffusion coefficients, and the hydrogen-bonding networks of water molecules revealed 14.3% and 14.2% increases in the peak values of the radial distribution function (RDF) for the two systems modified with auxiliary foaming agents, respectively. The auxiliary foaming agents exhibited synergistic effects with SDS, enhancing its water activation capability. The incorporation of wetting agents reduced the water diffusion coefficients by 4.7% and 21.9%, indicating that sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) succinate sulphonate (T) interferes less with the primary foaming agent than alcohol ethoxylate (AEO). The selected formulations also demonstrated 4.4% and 3.5% reductions in water hydrogen bonding compared to SDS-only solutions, indicating decreased molecular cohesion and improved water activation. By integrating physicochemical evaluation with molecular simulation, the optimized formulation was determined to be SDS (primary foaming agent), sodium fatty alcohol ether sulfate (auxiliary foaming agent), alcohol ethoxylate (wetting agent), lauryl hydroxysultaine (foam stabilizer), and ethylene glycol butyl ether (cosolvent).

Due to the intrinsic characteristics of the flexible substrate, electrochromic films prepared on such substrates are typically amorphous. While these amorphous films offer a favorable optical modulation range and response time, their limited cycle life presents a significant drawback, severely hindering the industrial application of highperformance devices. This study investigates the causes of electrochromic performance degradation in flexible WO3 films after prolonged cycling and proposes a straightforward method to restore their functionality. During cycling, Li + ions intercalate into the WO3 film, forming crystalline Li2WO4, which suppresses the conversion of W6+ to W5+. As cycling continues, Li2WO4 gradually accumulates, leading to a significant reduction in W5+ concentration in the colored state and a decrease in transmittance. Applying a voltage of -1V to the film for 100 s effectively facilitated the decomposition of Li2WO4, thereby restoring the electrochromic performance of the WO3 film. After 1000 cycles, the average light modulation of the film in the visible range decreased from 50.19 % to 34.80 %, and then recovered to 48.07 %. This work enhances the cycle life of flexible amorphous WO3 films and provides valuable insights into improving the cycle life of other amorphous films.

To enhance the stability and inhibitory performance of fire prevention foam used in coal mines, a highly stable high-valence metal ion gel foam (Al3+-GF) was developed and further compared with common calcium ion gel foam (Ca2+-GF). Al3+-GF was formed through ionic crosslinking reaction between the gelling agent sodium alginate (SA) and Al3+, with Al3+ provided by Aluminum chlorohydrate (PAC). The chemical crosslinking process was verified by FT-IR analysis. The crosslinking agent was produced through the synthesis of the highly efficient chelating agent ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) and Al3+. The foaming agent consists of a composite foaming system comprising Sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate (AOS) and auroylamide propyl betaine (LAB). The optimal formulation of the Al3+-GF was determined through experimentation. Compared with Ca2+-GF, Al3+-GF exhibited a half-life exceeding 330 minutes at relatively high temperatures, indicating a more robust structure, a slower foam collapse rate, and superior thermal insulation properties in thermal resistance experiments. The water loss rate of Al3+-GF decreased between 2.58 % and 4.62 % after drying for 8 hours at different temperatures in the water retention test. The inhibition rate of Al3+-GF above 100 degrees C was more than 7 % greater than that of Ca2+-GF in temperature-programmed oxidation tests. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that Al3+-GF more effectively suppressed the weight gain caused by oxygen absorption during the precombustion stage of coal and raised the temperature points for the maximum water loss rate and weight loss rate. The enhanced stability and inhibitory of Al3+-GF indicated that, in terms of the ability of the gel to suppress coal spontaneous combustion, Al3+ performs much better than Ca2+ when synthesizing with SA.