Bryophyllum daigremontianum is a very important traditional medicine and ornamental plant. Although Bryophyllum and Kalanchoe have been supported to form a clade, however, lack of chloroplast genomic severely hinders our understanding the phylogenetic relationships between them. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of B. daigremontianum is first presented. It is 150,058 bp in length consisted a large single-copy (LSC, 82,164 bp) and a small single-copy (SSC, 17,042bp) separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IR, 25,426 bp) including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, and 8 rRNA. Phylogenetic analysis supported that B. daigremontianum was closer to K. tomentosa than other species, which showed that chloroplast genome sequences offer a useful resource for future phylogenetic studies of Kalanchoe and Bryophyllum species.

Many species of the genus Kalanchoe are important horticultural plants. They have evolved the Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthetic pathway to allow them to be better adapted to dry environments. Despite their importance, it is still debating whether Kalanchoe is monophyletic, and understanding the past diversification of this genus requires a tremendous amount of effort and work being devoted to the studies of morphological and molecular characters of this genus. However, molecular information, plastic sequence data, in particular, reported on Kalanchoe species is scarce, and this has posed a great challenge in trying to interpret the evolutionary history of this genus. In this study, plastomes of the five Kalanchoe species, including Kalanchoe daigremontiana, Kalanchoe delagoensis, Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi, Kalanchoe longiflora, and Kalanchoe pinnata, were sequenced and analyzed. The results indicate that the five plastomes are comparable in size, guanine-cytosine (GC) contents and the number of genes, which also demonstrate an insignificant difference in comparison with other species from the family Crassulaceae. About 224 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 144 long repeats were identified in the five plastomes, and most of these are distributed in the inverted repeat regions. In addition, highly divergent regions containing either single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) or insertion or deletion (InDel) mutations are discovered, which could be potentially used for establishing phylogenetic relationships among members of the Kalanchoe genus in future studies. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses suggest that Bryophyllum should be placed into one single genus as Kalanchoe. Further genomic analyses also reveal that several genes are undergone positive selection. Among them, 11 genes are involved in important cellular processes, such as cell survival, electron transfer, and may have played indispensable roles in the adaptive evolution of Kalanchoe to dry environments.

农药助剂能够促进和提高叶面肥、保护剂以及除草剂对植物的作用.为了探讨不同农药助剂的作用效果,筛选出具有高效促进作用的农药助剂,选用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)、癸二酸二乙酯(DES)和辛二酸二乙酯(DESU)3种农药助剂及它们3种农药助剂不同配方的复合型农药助剂进行大田试验,研究了不同农药助剂促进赤霉素(GA)在小麦叶片上渗透吸收的作用.结果 表明,3种农药助剂均促进GA在小麦叶片上的渗透.TBP的最佳促进作用浓度为60 mg/L,DES、DESU的最佳使用浓度均高于TBP,分别为180、300 mg/L.农药助剂对赤霉素在小麦叶片上渗透吸收的作用大小顺序为DESU＞ TBP＞ DES.不同类型、不同配方的农药助剂对促进赤霉素在小麦叶片上的作用效果存在差异,在24h时最佳配比为TBP(60 mg/L)+DESU(300 mg/L),在48h时最佳配比则为TBP(60 mg/L)+DESU(350 mg/L),赤霉素的渗透量分别是对照组(CK)的1.93、1.71倍.

该研究采用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)培养基从烟草废水中分离红色酵母菌,通过形态观察、生理生化试验及分子生物学技术对其进行鉴定,并初步探讨其发酵马铃薯葡萄糖水(PDW)产油脂和色素的潜力.结果表明,从烟草废水中分离到一株红色酵母菌YH0902,并鉴定其为一株近玫色锁掷孢酵母(Sporidiobolus pararoseus).菌株YH0902在马铃薯葡萄糖水(PDW)中培养时,细胞内可积累类胡萝卜素和油脂,30℃、150 r/min条件下培养4 d,菌体湿质量为(48.53±0.36)g/L,干质量为(10.63±0.15)g/L,胞内色素产量为(4.33±0.19)mg/L,油脂产量为(3.30±0.17)g/L.因此,菌株YH0902在微生物源天然色素及油脂开发领域具有一定的应用前景.

以根系发育不良的蝴蝶兰幼苗为研究对象,通过用ABT生根粉浸沾的方式对其根系进行处理,研究ABT生根粉对定植移栽40d后的蝴蝶兰生长的影响.研究的生长指标包括生根率、蝴蝶兰叶片数、根量、最长根长度及根的粗细等.结果表明浓度为1×10-4μg/L的ABT生根粉溶液对根系发育不良的蝴蝶兰幼苗的生根情况影响最大,明显高于对照组.为ABT生根粉更好更有效地应用于蝴蝶兰花卉生产实践,降低生产成本,提升经济效益提供了理论依据.

为减少农药使用量并减轻农药污染,采用模拟渗透吸收法,以苹果离体角质膜为试验材料,探究磷酸三丁酯(TBP)、癸二酸二乙酯(DES)、癸二酸二丁酯(DBS)及复合助剂Ⅰ、复合助剂Ⅱ对除草剂苯磺隆渗透作用的影响.结果表明:在25℃,湿度60％时5种助剂对除草剂苯磺隆的促渗作用依次为DES＞复合助剂Ⅰ＞复合助剂Ⅱ＞DBS＞TBP,其中,DES的促渗作用最好,为对照的9.37倍,其次是复合助剂Ⅰ和复合助剂Ⅱ,为空白对照的8.87倍和6.33倍,DBS和TBP分别为对照的5.82倍和5.22倍.相对湿度不同对助剂促渗作用影响较大.

出苗时,若蝴蝶兰根系发育不良,移植至大棚后成活率会下降.生根粉是一种高效广谱、复合型的植物生长调节剂, 具有促进植物内源激素合成与补充外源激素的双重功效, 能明显缩短植物生根时间,提高植物成活率.使用生根粉对根系发育不良的蝴蝶兰苗株进行浸泡处理,通过测定蝴蝶兰的成活率、生根率、叶片数、根量、最长根长度及根粗进行统计分析,探讨生根粉对对根系发育不良的蝴蝶兰生长的影响,确定其生根效果, 以便将该产品更好更有效地应用于蝴蝶兰花卉生产中.

[目的]研究高效复合助剂对除草剂草甘膦的作用效果.[方法]使用苹果离体角质膜为试验材料,采用模拟渗透法,使用紫外分光光度计检测草甘膦的渗透量,研究不同复合型农药助剂对草甘膦渗透的促进作用.选择磷酸三丁酯(TBP)、癸二酸二乙酯(DES)、癸二酸二丁酯(DBS)3种助剂不同配方的复合型助剂作为试验试剂,不加助剂作为空白对照(CK),比较在不同时间、不同温度下不同浓度草甘膦在苹果角质膜上的渗透量.[结果]无论在何种条件下,随着草甘膦浓度的增加,草甘膦的渗透量均增加.在20℃、72 h条件下,滴加4.0 μg/mL草甘膦的样品与滴加2.0 μg/mL草甘膦的样品相比,其OD240提高了27％.2种复合型助剂均对草甘膦在离体苹果角质膜上的渗透有促进作用,复合型助剂Ⅰ的促进作用高于复合型助剂Ⅱ,在草甘膦浓度2.0 μg/mL、湿度100％条件下,随着温度的升高,草甘膦的渗透量有不同程度的增加,在温度25℃、48 h时,2种复合型助剂的促进作用达到最好,其OD240比对照组提高了26.1％,复合型助剂Ⅱ则提高了14.8％.在72 h时,CK、复合型助剂Ⅰ、复合型助剂Ⅱ草甘膦渗透量的OD240均达到最大.[结论]复合型助剂Ⅰ对除草剂草甘膦的促进效果最好.

通过盆栽试验,对外源H2O2处理的烟草活性氧代谢及烟草花芽分化情况进行了初步研究.结果表明:(1)外源H2O2处理显著影响了烟草体内活性氧代谢,H2O2和O2-含量迅速增加;保护酶POD和CAT活性迅速被激活,SOD的激活滞后于POD和CAT.喷施H2O2处理的中后期H2O2的含量下降.(2)外源H2O2胁迫改变了开花基因的表达、现蕾时烟草叶片数以及花芽的发育进程.5和15d的外源H2O2处理明显抑制了烟草FLC基因的表达,促进了LFY基因的表达,促使烟草花发育提前.试验结果表明烟草体内活性氧平衡状态的变化影响烟草的花发育进程.

[目的]探讨不同表面活性剂的使用效果,筛选出高效复合型的表面活性剂.[方法]在20、25和30℃条件下选用辛二酸二乙酯(DESU)、磷酸三丁酯(TBP)和癸二酸二乙酯(DES)3种不同浓度表面活性剂及其不同配方的复合型表面活性剂,进行了离体苹果角质膜渗透试验,研究不同表面活性剂对赤霉素在角质膜渗透吸收的影响.[结果]TBP、DES和DESU及其混合型的表面活性剂都对赤霉素在苹果果实离体角质膜上的渗透有明显的促进作用.其中,DESU的促进作用高于TBP和DES,是对照组效果的5.27倍,使用的最佳浓度为300mg/L;DES和TBP作用效果分别是对照组的4.87和3.97倍,最佳使用浓度分别为180和60 mg/L;混合型的表面活性剂TBP+DESU(浓度为60 mg/L+300 mg/L)对赤霉素的渗透促进作用最显著,是对照组的7.39倍.[结论]该研究结果为植物微肥产品的研发、生产和使用提供了理论依据.

助剂能够促进和提高植物对保护剂、生长调节剂和叶面肥的吸收.为了探讨不同助剂的使用效果,筛选出高效复合型助剂,在25℃和30℃条件下选用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)、癸二酸二乙酯(DES)和辛二酸二乙酯(DESU)三种不同浓度助剂及其不同配方的复合型助剂,进行离体苹果角质膜渗透实验,研究了不同助剂对Fe在角质膜渗透吸收的影响.结果表明:①单一使用不同助剂对Fe的渗透均有促进作用.25℃和30℃时,TBP、DES、DESU的最佳使用质量浓度分别为60、100、300 mg/L和90、120、300 mg/L,其Fe的渗透性大小顺序为DESU＞ TBP＞ DES.②不同配方的复合型助剂对于铁元素在苹果角质膜的渗透作用是不一致的,在25℃和30℃条件下,对Fe的渗透促进作用最佳的分别是TBP(60 mg/L)+ DESU(300 mg/L)和TBP(90 mg/L)+ DESU(300 mg/L),36 h时Fe的渗透量分别是对照组的4.30和3.19倍.

试验选用不同浓度的旱立停溶液对小麦种子拌种,将一部分种子放入培养皿中,加入适量的超纯水进行小麦发芽试验,另取一部分种子放入花盆中培养,控制土壤含水量约为15%;实验用的旱立停溶液的浓度梯度为:0(ck)、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%、1.5%,通过比较不同浓度拌种处理下小麦的发芽率(出苗率)、胚根数、主胚根长、株高、胚芽鞘长,探讨不同旱立停浓度拌种对小麦种子萌发过程和发芽的影响。结果表明:(1)旱立停在水分亏缺条件下比在水分满足时对小麦发芽促进作用更明显;(2)旱立停拌种浓度对小麦发芽影响较大,拌种的效果随浓度不同差异很大,对发芽各项指标的影响呈现出低浓度促进高浓度抑制的趋势,0.6%旱立停拌种可以显著提高主胚根长、株高、胚芽鞘长,对小麦的发芽率(出苗率)和胚根数也有一定的增加效果,旱立停拌种浓度以0.6%为宜。

It was important to find a method for analyzing PCR products by automatic analysis station in clinical labs.A total of 208 clinical samples of Acinetobacter baumannii were examined by traditional PCR-agarose gel electrophoresis and PCR-Tag fluorescence,respectively.The results showed that two methods presented similar results in the sensitivity without statistical significance.PCR-Tag method showed low fluorescent background and high signal-to-noise(S/N) ratio.The procedure of PCR-Tag fluorescence seemed less DNA contaminated.The technology had a potential to be used as an instant detection method in clinical labs.It was suitable for the automatic sample analyzers in clinical labs.

通过在不同温度、不同浸种时间和温度、光照与黑暗等处理对齿果酸模进行发芽试验,测定不同条件对发芽势和发芽率的影响,探讨齿果酸模种子发芽最佳条件。结果表明:在15℃条件下种子的发芽率和发芽势达到最大,分别为92%和78%,然后随温度增加逐渐降低;浸种24 h发芽率和发芽势达到最大,达77.5%,浸种6 h与12 h对种子发芽率较低;20℃浸种处理发芽率和发芽势达到最大,分别达78.5%和73.5%,浸种温度过高或过低都不利于种子萌发。光照与黑暗对发芽率影响差异不显著,对发芽势影响显著。齿果酸模发芽最适合条件:20℃浸种24 h,15℃光照培养。

The influence of antibiotic concentration,bacteria liquid concentration,infection time,and cultivation time on the explant differentiation of transgenic napus Zhongyou 821 was researched,and separately analysed.The efficient transformation system of the agrobacterium mediated napus was established.The results showed that,the high transforming condition was achieved when 5-day cotyledons with petiole were used as transformation receptors;the concentration of kanamycin had great influence on transformation,and the critical concentration was 11 mg/L for this experiment selection;the explant had the highest conversion rate when the OD600 of the bacteria concentration was 0.4 and the time of immersion was 5 min;the best cultivation time was 48 h and beneficial to the integration of the exogenous gene and without excessive proliferation of the agrobacterium;and both 200 μmol/L AS and 5~10 mg/L AgNO3 could improve the rate of the conversion.

To select high efficiency plant surfactant and reduce the usage of pesticides,three kinds of surfactants,diethyl suberate(DESU),diethyl sebacate(DES) and tributyl phosphate(TBP),were used in this experiment,taking cuticle membrane of apple as materials,iron element including three surfactants in different density and different temperature was sprayed on cuticle membrane of apples,ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used for determination.The results showed that compared with iron nutrient fluid without surfactants,the cuticle's absorption to iron has increased greatly after adding the surfactant.Effects of TBP,DES and DESU were best when the concentration was 60 mg/kg,80 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg respectively,the promoting efficiency of the three surfactants at the temperature of 20℃ was the best and the effect of Fe absorption was DESDESUTBP.

Three aquatic macrophytes including Rumex dentatus Linn., Ranunculus sceleratus Linn, and Rorippa palustris Leyss (Bess.) were selected as materials for investigating their purification efficiencies by analyzing pH value, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) of the eutrophicated water from Jialu river. The results indicated that the three species had different degrees of purification efficiency of Jialu river. The magnitude order of the ability of reducing the water pH value and total removal rates of TN, TP and CODCr was R. dentatus >; R. sceleratus >; R. palustris. The biomass increment of the three plants closely related to the purification efficiency. In spring R. dentatus and R. sceleratus had a stronger comprehensive decontamination ability than R. palustris, which were the dominant species of in-situ remediation in Jialu river.

This research was to study the influence of different cultivation methods,hormones and antibiotics on explant differentiation of transgenic tobacco.There were five different culture media for the research,including MS+1 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA for co-cultivation,MS+1 mg/L6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA+500 mg/L Carb for sterilization cultivation,MS+100 mg/L Kan for screening,MS+80 mg/L Kan+300 mg/L Carb for subculture,and MS +0.1 mg/L NAA+300 mg/L Carb for root induction.With these mediums the explant of transgenic tobacco K326 could differentiate rapidly,which laid the basis for further cultivation of the whole plants of transgenic tobacco K326.

WIN1与蜡质代谢过程中基因的表达相关,本研究首先从野生型拟南芥花蕾中提取总RNA扩增成SHN1／WIN1,以载体PBI121为基础构建植物表达载体PBI121-SHN1/WIN1,然后利用农杆菌介导法将目的基因WIN1导人烟草k326中,在不同阶段选择四种不同培养基进行培养,其中烟草叶盘共培养培养基T1为:MS+1 mg·L-16-BA +0.1 ng·L-1 NAA;烟草滤菌培养基T2为:MS+1mg· L-1 6-BA +0.1 mg·L-1 NAA +500 mg · L-1 Carb;烟草筛选培养基T3为:MS+ 100 mg·L-1 Kan;烟草继代培养基T4为:MS +80 mg·L-1 Kan +300 mg·L-1 Carb.本实验利用植物基因工程手段将WIN1基因整合人烟草K326中,改变烟草k326总基因序列.通过PCR、RT-PCR检测方法对转基因烟草k326一代进行鉴定得出WIN1基因成功导人烟草K326,最终获得了转基因烟草K326一代品种.本实验研究目标通过转基因技术将WIN1基因插入烟草K326,使其角质膜厚度和成分有所改变,以此来提高烟草K326抗旱、抗寒和抗病等性能,为提高烟草抗逆性特别是抗旱和抗寒性奠定基础.该项初步研究结果不仅对认识和揭示植物角质膜的结构功能具有重要理论意义,而且对应用植物基因工程技术改良和培育抗逆性强的植物优良品种和农业生产都具有重要的应用价值.