Background: The diameter of mature follicles in donkeys is several times larger than in cattle and sheep, but the key genes responsible for maintaining follicular development and preventing apoptosis remain unclear. Methods: This study observed the process of donkey follicular development using ultrasound and analyzed the changes in common reproductive hormones in serum. Granulosa cells (GCs) were collected from large (mature follicles, diameter ≥ 37 mm) and small (atretic follicles, diameter 10–25 mm) follicles for sequencing to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways influencing the development of mature follicles. The roles of selected genes were further validated in in vitro cultured GCs. Results: Donkey follicles exhibited rapid growth 5–7 days before ovulation, reaching maturity at a diameter of 37 mm. The maximum diameter of ovulatory follicles was approximately 40.7 mm, while non-ovulatory follicles began to undergo atresia when reaching about 25 mm. Serum reproductive hormone levels aligned with follicular developmental status. RNA sequencing identified 3291 DEGs between large and small follicles, with KEGG analysis highlighting enrichment in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, focal adhesion, amoebiasis, and cancer pathways. Lentiviral overexpression and interference assays targeting the DEGs EMCN and SYT12 revealed that EMCN positively regulates FOXO3, a key gene in the PI3K-Akt pathway. Conclusions: The EMCN gene in mature donkey follicles regulates FOXO3 in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, potentially inhibiting apoptosis in follicular granulosa cells and sustaining follicular development until ovulation. This study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying follicular development in donkeys.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of estradiol benzoate (EB) on inhibiting the development of non-dominant follicles and inducing twin calves in beef heifers. Beef heifers were synchronized using estradiol plus progesterone (P4), and superovulation was induced using a small-dose follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) protocol. From day 6.5 to day 7.5, every heifer was treated with 0, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.5 mg EB three times at 12 h intervals to eliminate excess dominant follicles. The diameters of the two largest follicles (F1 and F2) continually increased from day 3.5 to day 10. However, the growth rate was constrained by exogenous EB, and the degree of suppression was greatest in the 0.5 mg EB treatment compared with other treatments. As a result, the number of large follicles (≥10 mm) decreased as the EB dose increased. Compared with the control treatment, the incidence of animals experiencing triple ovulation was significantly lower in the 0.5 mg EB treatment; however, the single-ovulation rate showed the inverse. This study demonstrated that 0.2 mg EB could modulate the development of two to three co-dominant follicles after a small-dose FSH treatment. The number of twin births was higher in the 0.2 mg EB treatment.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease commonly associated with metabolic disorders in females. Leonurine hydrochloride (Leo) plays an important role in regulating immunity, tumours, uterine smooth muscle, and ovarian function. However, the effect of Leo on PCOS has not been reported. Here, we used dehydroepiandrosterone to establish a mouse model of PCOS, and some mice were then treated with Leo by gavage. We found that Leo could improve the irregular oestros cycle of PCOS mice, reverse the significantly greater serum testosterone (T) and luteinising hormone (LH) levels, significantly reduce the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level, and significantly increase the LH/FSH ratio of PCOS mice. Leo could also change the phenomenon of ovaries in PCOS mice presented with cystic follicular multiplication and a lacking corpus luteum. Transcriptome analysis identified 177 differentially expressed genes related to follicular development between the model and Leo groups. Notably, the cAMP signalling pathway, neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, the calcium signalling pathway, the ovarian steroidogenesis pathway, and the Lhcgr, Star, Cyp11a, Hsd17b7, Camk2b, Calml4, and Phkg1 genes may be most related to improvements in hormone levels and the numbers of ovarian cystic follicles and corpora lutea in PCOS mice treated by Leo, which provides a reference for further study of the mechanism of Leo.

Endometritis is a common disease in postpartum cows, characterized by delayed uterine recovery due to endometrial inflammation. Although antibiotics and hormones are commonly used, they have certain limitations. One potential alternative is using motherwort extract, specifically leonurine, which exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. However, leonurine’s exact molecular mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, 40 mice were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, endometritis model group, LPS + leonurine group (30 mg/kg), and LPS + dexamethasone group (5 mg/kg). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that leonurine modulates multiple signaling pathways, including JAK-STAT/PI3K-Akt, and influences the expression of key genes, such as Prlr, Socs2, Col1a1, and Akt1. Furthermore, leonurine effectively reduces levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β (p < 0.01), which play a crucial role in regulating acute endometritis. Additionally, leonurine helps maintain cholesterol homeostasis and attenuates inflammation through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway by modulating genes such as Cyp27a1, Hmgcs1, and Scd2. These findings suggest that leonurine has a protective effect against LPS-induced endometritis and that its anti-inflammatory properties involve multiple pathways and targets, which are potentially mediated by regulating signaling pathways such as JAK-STAT/PI3K-Akt and PPAR.

试验旨在探究硒化甘草多糖(SeGUP)对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响.选取96只昆明小鼠,雌、雄各半,随机分为6组,每组16只小鼠,利用环磷酰胺(CY)给除空白组外小鼠构建免疫低下的模型,腹腔注射CY 80 mg/g,连续3 d.第4 d开始空白组、模型组小鼠每天腹腔注射0.3 mL生理盐水,阳性组腹腔注射200 mg/g 黄芪多糖(APS)混悬液,SeGUP高、中、低剂量组小鼠腹腔注射100、200、300 mg/g SeGUP混悬液,连续7 d.结果显示,SeGUP高、中剂量组小鼠体重极显著高于SeGUP低剂量组(P<0.01).SeGUP高、中剂量组小鼠碳粒廓清指数(K)、吞噬指数(α)极显著高于SeGUP低剂量组(P<0.01).SeGUP高剂量组小鼠血清白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量极显著高于SeGUP中剂量组、阳性组(P<0.01),SeGUP中剂量组、阳性组小鼠血清IL-2含量极显著高于SeGUP低剂量组、空白组(P<0.01),SeGUP高、中剂量组小鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量极显著高于SeGUP低剂量组(P<0.01).SeGUP高、中剂量组小鼠胸腺指数极显著高于SeGUP低剂量组(P<0.01).研究表明,SeGUP可通过下调小鼠脾脏指数,上调体重、K、α、IL-2、TNF-α、IgM、IFN-γ、IgG、胸腺指数等指标,增强免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能,其中200、300 mg/g的SeGUP效果较好.

Human brucellosis is one of the world's most common zoonoses, caused by Brucella infection and characterized by induced inflammation, which in severe cases can lead to abortion and sterility in humans and animals. There is growing evidence that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is beneficial as an adjunct to the treatment of brucellosis. However, its specific targets of action and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, a systematic pharmacological approach was applied to demonstrate pharmacological targets, biological functions, and signaling pathways of TCM as an adjunct to the treatment of brucellosis (TCMTB). The results of network pharmacology were further verified by in vitro experiments. Network analysis revealed that 133 active ingredients and 247 targets were screened in TCMTB. Further data analysis identified 21 core targets and 5 core compounds in TCMTB, including beta-sitosterol, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, and paeoniflorin. Gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome analysis showed that TCMTB might actively treat brucellosis by regulating inflammatory response, enhancing immune function, and targeting signaling pathways such as tuberculosis and TNF. Molecular docking results showed that multiple compounds could bind to multiple targets. Further, in vitro experiments confirmed that quercetin, among the active compounds screened, induced the strongest immunomodulatory and pro-inflammatory cytokine production during Brucella abortus infection. Further, quercetin induced nitric oxide production, which attenuated the ability of B. abortus to internalize THP-1 cells as well as intracellular survival. This study reveals the mechanism by which TCMTB aids in the treatment of brucellosis through a synergistic multicomponent, multipathway, and multitarget action. The contribution of quercetin treatment to B. abortus infection was demonstrated for the first time, which may be related to the quercetin-induced production of nitric oxide and immunomodulatory and inflammatory cytokines. These predictions of the core compounds and targets may be used in the future for the clinical treatment of brucellosis.

为了研究不同剂量益母草碱对大鼠的抗凝血作用,筛选出抗凝血效果最佳的剂量,为进一步治疗血瘀引起的相关动物疾病提供理论依据,试验将50只SD大鼠[雌雄不限,体重(200±20)g]随机分为空白对照组、益母草碱低剂量组(15 mg/kg)、益母草碱中剂量组(30 mg/kg)、益母草碱高剂量组(60 mg/kg)和阳性对照组(丹参滴丸),每组10只,灌胃给药7 d,第8天腹主动脉采血,测定大鼠的凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、凝血酶时间(TT)及纤维蛋白原(FIB)、D-二聚体、凝血酶抗凝血酶复合物(TAT)和血栓调节蛋白(TM)含量等指标.结果表明:与空白对照组相比,益母草碱低剂量组的PT显著延长(P＜0.05),D-二聚体含量显著降低(P＜0.05),血浆TM含量显著升高(P＜0.05);益母草碱中剂量组的PT、APTT、TT显著延长(P＜0.05),FIB含量显著下降(P＜0.05),D-二聚体的含量极显著降低(P＜0.01).益母草碱高剂量组的PT极显著延长(P＜0.01),TT显著延长(P＜O.05),FIB含量显著降低(P＜0.05),血浆中D-二聚体的含量极显著降低(P＜0.01).与阳性对照组相比,益母草碱低剂量组的PT显著延长(P＜0.05),FIB含量显著升高(P＜0.05),血浆TAT含量显著升高(P＜0.05),血浆TM含量极显著升高(P＜0.01);益母草碱中剂量组的PT、APTT、TT显著延长(P＜0.05),血浆TAT和TM含量显著升高(P＜O.05);益母草碱高剂量组的PT极显著延长(P＜0.01),TT显著延长(P＜0.05),血浆D-二聚体含量显著降低(P＜0.05),TAT和TM含量显著升高(P＜0.05).说明益母草碱在浓度为30 mg/kg和60 mg/kg时对大鼠有良好的抗凝血作用.

目的 探究硒化甘草多糖(SeGUP)和甘草多糖(GUP)对产志贺毒性大肠杆菌(STEC)的体外抑菌机制和抗氧化效果.方法 采用二倍稀释法检测 SeGUP、GUP 对 STEC 的半数抑制浓度(IC50),测定各浓度的 SeGUP、GUP 对STEC生长曲线的影响;通过测定不同时间段培养液中 AKP、β-半乳糖苷酶(β-gal)、蛋白质含量以及结晶紫染色探究 SeGUP、GUP 对 STEC细胞壁、细胞膜、生物膜的影响.采用 ELISA 法检测清洁级昆明小鼠血清中 SOD、CAT、MDA含量变化.结果 SeGUP IC50 为 55.58 mg·mL-1,GUP IC50 为 69.85 mg·mL-1,150 mg·mL-1 SeGUP 能完全抑制STEC生长,GUP 在 200 mg·mL-1 才能完全抑制 STEC的增殖.SeGUP 组同一时间的 AKP 活性、β-gal活性、蛋白质含量与 GUP 组比较,差异极显著,P<0.01;SeGUP 组与 GUP 组比较能极显著降低 STEC 生物膜形成,P<0.01.抗氧化试验中,SeGUP 组提高 SOD、CAT含量以及降低 MDA含量效果优于 GUP 组(P<0.01).结论 硒化修饰提高了GUP 体外抑菌效果、破坏 STEC膜结构和抗氧化能力.

【Objective】The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of leonurine on lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced endometritis in mice．【Method】Sixty female C57mice aged 6to 8weeks were randomly divided into 6groups:Blank control group,model group,leonuri low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose groups and dexamethasone positive control group,with 10mice in each group.Mice in the blank control group was injected with 50μL PBS buffer vaginally,and the other groups were injected with 50μL LPS（1mg/mL）vaginally to establish an animal model of mouse endometritis.After modeling,the low-dose,medium-dose and highdose groups were intraperitoneally injected with 7.5,15.0 and 30.0 mg/kg leonurine,respectively,while the positive control group was intraperitoneally injected with dexamethasone at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg,once every 6hours,for 3consecutive times.The mice were sacrificed 24hours after modeling,and the uterine index of each group was calculated.The pathological changes of uterine tissue were observed by HE staining.The contents of interleukin-1β（IL-1β）,IL-6and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）and the activity of myeloperoxidase（MPO）in uterine tissue were determined by ELISA．【Result】Compared with blank control group,the uterine index,the contents of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6in uterine tissue and the activity of MPO in model group were extremely significantly increased（P＜0.01）.Compared with model group,different doses of leonurine could reduce the uterine index,the contents of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6and the activity of MPO in uterine tissue of LPSinduced endometritis（P ＜0.01）and showed dose-dependent.Compared with model group,uterine index,contents of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-6and MPO activity in positive control group were extremely significantly decreased（P ＜0.01）．【Conclusion 】Leonurine could reduce the contents of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6and the activity of MPO in mice with LPS-induced endometritis and alleviate inflammatory symptoms,showing a good antiinflammatory effect.

试验旨在探究硒化甘草多糖(SeGUP)和甘草多糖(GUP)联合抗生素对奇异变形杆菌(PM)的体内外抑菌效果以及抑菌机制.体内外抑菌效果通过药敏试验、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、生长曲线、体外协同作用以及SeGUP、GUP对PM感染小鼠的死亡率进行分析.抑菌机制通过PM细胞壁、细胞膜、生物膜、抗氧化酶活性的变化进行分析.结果显示,同浓度SeGUP比GUP抑菌圈大,MIC值小,对PM生长抑制更强;SeGUP与环丙沙星(CI)联合表现为协同,GUP与CI表现为相加;SeGUP能够极显著降低PM感染小鼠死亡率(P<0.01).与对照组相比,SeGUP、GUP、CI可极显著升高培养液中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、β-半乳糖苷酶(β-gal)的活性和蛋白含量(P<0.01),极显著降低菌体DNA含量,抑制生物膜形成,降低过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(P<0.01).结果表明,SeGUP体内外抑菌效果以及抑菌机制能力均优于GUP.

为研究硒化甘草多糖(Se GUP)对雏鸡免疫和抗氧化功能的影响,采用腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)建立雏鸡免疫应激模型.将试验鸡随机分为5组,分别为空白对照组、LPS组、LPS+黄芪多糖组、LPS+甘草多糖组、LPS+硒化甘草多糖组.于试验第8、10、12天腹腔注射LPS建立免疫应激模型后,试验组分别注射黄芪多糖、甘草多糖、硒化甘草多糖,连续给药7 d,分别于给药后第7、14、21、28、35天采血,测定血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、补体蛋白3(C3)、补体蛋白4(C4)、可溶性CD4分子(SCD4)、可溶性CD8分子(SCD8)及血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、丙二醛(MDA).结果显示,与空白对照组相比,硒化甘草多糖显著降低了LPS刺激的25日龄雏鸡血清IgA含量(P<0.05),18、25、32、39日龄雏鸡血清IgG和IgM含量(P<0.05)及18、25、32、39、46日龄雏鸡血清MDA含量(P<0.05),显著提高了LPS刺激的18、25、32日龄雏鸡血清SCD4含量(P<0.05),18和25日龄雏鸡血清T-AOC含量(P<0.05),18、25、32、39、46日龄雏鸡血清SOD活性(P<0.05),18、25、32、39日龄雏鸡血清GSH-PX活性(P<0.05).结果表明,硒化甘草多糖对雏鸡的免疫功能和抗氧化功能均有一定的调节作用.

为了了解硒化甘草多糖(SeGUP)对雏鸡抗炎活性的影响,试验采用脂多糖(LPS)建立雏鸡体内炎症模型,选取300只1日龄京红1号雏鸡,随机分为5组,分别为空白对照组、LPS组、LPS+黄芪多糖(APS)组、LPS+甘草多糖(GUP)组、LPS+硒化甘草多糖(SeGUP)组,除空白对照组外,各组试验鸡于8,10,12日龄腹腔注射LPS后,LPS+ APS组、LPS+ GUP组、LPS+ SeGUP组分别肌肉注射给予浓度为1 mg/mL的APS、GUP、SeGUP,0.5 mL/只,连续7d,分别于试验鸡18,25,32,39,46日龄每组选取10只,采用碳粒廓清法检测雏鸡巨噬细胞吞噬指数,用试剂盒检测雏鸡血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素2(IL-2)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、一氧化氮(NO)和诱导型NO合酶(iNOS)含量.结果 表明:与空白对照组比较,LPS组18,25,32,39,46日龄雏鸡巨噬细胞吞噬指数和血清中IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α、NO、iNOS含量均显著升高(P＜0.05);与LPS组比较,LPS+SeGUP组18,25,32,39,46日龄雏鸡巨噬细胞吞噬指数和血清中IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α、NO、iNOS含量均显著降低(P＜0.05).说明SeGUP能缓解雏鸡因LPS刺激引起的炎性反应,从而发挥抗炎作用.

动物炎症性疾病在疾病中比例最大,无论是传染性疾病还是免疫性疾病在临床上都会有炎症的发生.为了更加深入的了解疾病发生发展的机制以及寻找更好的预防治疗途径,采用体内试验非常必要.小鼠模型因其经济便宜,饲养周期短,操作简单以及与人类基因、生理结构等方面的相似性而广泛运用.本文以此为背景,主要围绕肺炎模型、结肠炎模型以及乳房炎模型的小鼠造模方法研究进展展开综述,以期为后续研究提供便捷.

The expression of flagellar proteins in Brucella species likely evolved through genetic transference from other microorganisms, and contributed to virulence, adaptability, and biofilm formation. Despite significant progress in defining the molecular mechanisms behind flagellar gene expression, the genetic program controlling biofilm formation remains unclear. The flagellar transcriptional factor (FtcR) is a master regulator of the flagellar system's expression, and is critical for B. melitensis 16M's flagellar biogenesis and virulence. Here, we demonstrate that FtcR mediates biofilm formation under hyperosmotic stress. Chromatin immunoprecipitation with next-generation sequencing for FtcR and RNA sequencing of ftcR-mutant and wild-type strains revealed a core set of FtcR target genes. We identified a novel FtcR-binding site in the promoter region of the osmotic-stress-response regulator gene betI, which is important for the survival of B. melitensis 16M under hyperosmotic stress. Strikingly, this site autoregulates its expression to benefit biofilm bacteria's survival under hyperosmotic stress. Moreover, biofilm reduction in ftcR mutants is independent of the flagellar target gene fliF. Collectively, our study provides new insights into the extent and functionality of flagellar-related transcriptional networks in biofilm formation, and presents phenotypic and evolutionary adaptations that alter the regulation of B. melitensis 16M to confer increased tolerance to hyperosmotic stress.

High integration densities and design complexity make board-level functional fault diagnosis extremely difficult. Machine-learning techniques can identify functional faults with high accuracy, but they require a large volume of data to achieve high-prediction accuracy. This drawback limits the effectiveness of traditional machine-learning algorithms for training a model in the early stage of manufacturing, when only a limited amount of fail data and repair records are available. We propose a board-level diagnosis workflow that utilizes domain adaptation (DA) to transfer the knowledge learned from mature boards to a new board in the ramp-up phase. First, based on the requirement of fault diagnosis, we select an appropriate domain-adaptation method to reduce differences between mature boards and the new board. Second, these DA methods utilize information from both the mature and the new boards with carefully designed domain-alignment rules and train a functional fault diagnosis classifier. Experimental results using three complex boards in volume production and one new board in the ramp-up phase show that, with the help of DA and the proposed workflow, the diagnosis accuracy is improved.

[目的]本试验旨在研究甘草酸(GA)对黄羽肉仔鸡免疫性能的影响.[方法]选取300只体重接近的1日龄健康黄羽肉仔鸡,随机分为6组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只,分别为空白对照组、脂多糖处理组(LPS组)、黄芪多糖组(APS组)、高剂量甘草酸组(GAH组)、中剂量甘草酸组(GAM组)和低剂量甘草酸组(GAL组).空白对照组于14、16、18、20日龄早上腹腔注射0.9％无菌生理盐水2 mL,其余各组同时间注射等量的LPS溶液(1.5 mg/kg BW)建立体内免疫应激模型.空白对照组和LPS组饲喂基础饲粮,APS组、GAH、GAM和GAL组于应激模型建立阶段及前后3 d(即11～23 d)分别在基础饲粮基础上添加400 mg/kg黄芪多糖(APS)和120、100、80 mg/kg的GA;试验期49 d.在21、28、35、42、49日龄每个重复随机选取2只鸡采集翅静脉血,用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定血清中CD4、CD8分子含量及免疫活性物质IgA、IgG、IgM含量.[结果]与空白对照组相比,21～49日龄时,其余5组肉仔鸡血清CD4分子含量均极显著下降(P＜0.01),而血清CD8分子、IgA、IgG、IgM(除GAH组和APS组外)含量均有所升高.与LPS组相比,APS组和3个GA组肉仔鸡血清CD4分子含量均有所升高,而血清CD8分子含量均极显著或显著降低(P＜0.01;P＜0.05),血清IgA、IgG、IgM含量均极显著降低(P＜0.01).此外,在3个GA组间,肉仔鸡血清CD4分子含量均随GA添加量增加而升高,其中GAH组的升高幅度与APS组最接近,尤其是在42日龄时,GAH组与APS组间差异不显著(P＞0.05),且均极显著或显著高于LPS组(P＜0.01;P＜0.05);而肉仔鸡血清CD8分子、IgA、IgG、IgM含量随GA添加量增加呈降低趋势,其中GAH组的降低幅度与APS组最接近,在CD8分子含量方面,两组间无显著差异(P＞0.05),且在35和49日龄时,GAH组肉仔鸡CD8分子含量与空白对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05);在IgA含量方面,除35日龄外,其他日龄时GAH组与APS组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05),在21和49日龄时,GAH组与空白对照组差异均不显著(P＞0.05);在IgG含量方面,除28日龄外,其他日龄时GAH组与APS组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05),在35日龄时,GAH组与空白对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05);在IgM含量方面,除42日龄外,其他日龄时GAH组与APS组间均无显著差异(P＞0.05),在21日龄时,GAH组与空白对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05).[结论]GA能有效缓解黄羽肉仔鸡对LPS刺激引起的免疫应激反应,增强免疫调节能力,且与保护效果之间有剂量效应,由强到弱依次为GAH＞GAM＞GAL.

[目的]探究"乳炎宁"水提物的抗炎作用,为其临床运用及进一步研究提供理论依据.[方法]采用二甲苯致耳廓肿胀试验、醋酸致腹腔毛细血管通透性试验、角叉菜胶致足肿胀试验、棉球致肉芽肿胀试验及小鼠血清细胞因子含量检测进行"乳炎宁"水提物抗炎作用研究.取60只健康昆明小鼠,雌雄各半,随机分为5组,即阴性对照组(生理盐水组)、阳性对照组(阿司匹林组)、"乳炎宁"水提物低(4 mg/g)、中(8 mg/g)、高(16 mg/g)剂量组,12只/组.各组小鼠每天固定时间灌胃,每天1次,连续10 d.后续按照不同试验具体操作,试验结束后分别测量各组小鼠耳廓重量、腹腔洗液D590 nm值、足重量、棉球肉芽肿重量及血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)含量.[结果]二甲苯致耳廓肿胀试验结果表明,与阴性对照组相比,药物处理组均可极显著降低二甲苯导致的耳廓肿胀(P＜0.01);与阳性对照组相比,"乳炎宁"水提物高剂量组耳廓重量差异不显著(P＞0.05).醋酸致腹腔毛细血管通透性试验结果表明,与阴性对照组相比,药物处理组对醋酸致腹腔毛细血管通透性升高均有极显著抑制作用(P＜0.01);与阳性对照组相比,"乳炎宁"水提物各剂量组的毛细血管通透性差异显著或极显著(P＜0.05;P＜0.01).角叉菜胶致足肿胀试验结果表明,与阴性对照组相比,药物处理组对小鼠足肿胀度均有极显著的抑制作用(P＜0.01);与阳性对照组相比,"乳炎宁"水提物各剂量组足肿胀度均有极显著差异(P＜0.01).棉球致肉芽肿胀试验结果表明,与阴性对照组相比,药物处理组对小鼠棉球肉芽肿胀抑制均有极显著抑制作用(P＜0.01);与阳性对照组相比,"乳炎宁"水提物低、中剂量组差异极显著或显著(P＜0.01;P＜0.05),"乳炎宁"高剂量组与阳性对照组作用相当(P＞0.05).小鼠血清细胞因子检测实验结果表明,与阴性对照组相比,除"乳炎宁"水提物低剂量组外,药物处理组血清中TNF-α和IL-1β含量均有不同程度降低,"乳炎宁"水提物低剂量组血清中TNF-α含量差异不显著(P＞0.05),血清中IL-1β含量显著降低(P＜0.05),"乳炎宁"水提物中、高剂量组血清中IL-1β含量均极显著降低(P＜0.01),中剂量组血清中TNF-α含量显著降低(P＜0.05),高剂量组TNF-α含量极显著降低(P＜0.01);与阳性对照组相比,"乳炎宁"水提物中、高剂量组血清中2种细胞因子均差异不显著(P＞0.05),低剂量组血清中2种细胞因子均差异极显著(P＜0.01).[结论]"乳炎宁"水提物在小鼠上显示出了良好的抗炎效果.

Endometrial epithelial cells play a significant role in the "dialogue" between the embryo and the mother, but in vitro studies to clarify this are hampered by the limited lifespan of primary cells. As such, it is necessary to develop an in vitro model to study endometrial function. Morphological analysis showed that the pEECs were homogeneous, formed characteristic cobblestone monolayers, and expressed the epithelial cell-specific marker, cytokeratin 18. The isolated and purified cells were transfected with a plasmid encoding human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene, pCI-neo-TERT, to establish an immortal endometrial epithelial cell line (iEECs). The transfected cells were cultured with G418 and monoclonal cells were selected for expanded culture. Expression of TERT mRNA was detected by RT-qPCR and protein was quantitated by Western blot. TERT expression was stable and continued to be active with no signs of aging. Assays for cell proliferation and apoptosis indicated higher proliferation and cellular activity in iEECs than pEECs. After stimulated by interferon tau (IFN-τ), both iEECs and pEECs showed similar upregulation levels in all the underlying genes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that iEECs retained the basic morphology and function of pEECs, providing a robust in vitro model for study of the function of ovine endometrial epithelial cells.

The growing complexity of circuit boards makes manufacturing test increasingly expensive. In order to reduce test cost, a number of test selection methods have been proposed in the literature. However, only few of these methods can be applied to black-box test-cost reduction. In this article, we propose a novel black-box test selection method based on Bayesian networks (BNs), which extract the strong relationship among tests. First, the problem of reducing the black-box test cost is formulated as a constrained optimization problem. Next, multiple structure learning and transfer learning algorithms are implemented to construct BN models. Based on these BN models, we propose an iterative test selection method with a new metric, Bayesian index, for test-cost reduction. In addition, averaging strategies are applied to enhance the reduction performance. Finally, a robust model selection framework is proposed to select the optimal BN model for test-cost reduction. Two case studies with production test data demonstrate that when no prior information is provided, our proposed approach effectively reduces the test cost by up to 14.7%, compared to the state-of-the-art greedy algorithm. Moreover, our proposed approach further reduces the test cost by up to 7.1% when prior information is provided from similar products.

为了研究硒化甘草多糖(SeGUP)对雏鸡血液生理生化指标的影响,本试验选取300只1日龄京红1号雏鸡,随机分为4组,每组5个重复;其中Ⅰ组为空白组,注射生理盐水;Ⅱ～Ⅳ组为试验组,分别肌内注射1 mL的黄芪多糖、甘草多糖和硒化甘草多糖;试验周期45 d.分别于试验第15、22、29、36天和第43天采血,检测各组雏鸡血液生理生化等各项指标.结果 显示:Ⅳ组雏鸡血液中白细胞数(WBC)、淋巴细胞数(LYM)均高于其他各组;整个试验周期中各组血液中白蛋白(ALB)含量呈上升趋势,Ⅱ～Ⅳ组白蛋白的含量高于空白组,第15天和第22天试验组Ⅳ与空白组相比差异显著(P＜0.05);各组间谷丙转氨酶(GLT)、肌酐(Cr)和尿素氮(BUN)的含量无显著差异(P＞0.05),但Ⅱ ～Ⅳ组胆固醇(CHOL)和甘油三酯(TG)的含量较空白组均有不同程度的下降;Ⅳ组血液中钙(Ca)、无机磷(PHOS)含量高于其他各试验组;第15、29天和第43天时ⅣV组雏鸡血液中Ca的含量与空白组比较差异显著(P＜0.05);第15天和第36天时Ⅳ组雏鸡血液中PHOS的水平显著高于空白组(P＜0.05);试验过程中Ⅱ～Ⅳ组血液中溶菌酶(LZM)的含量高于空白组,第29天时Ⅳ组溶菌酶的含量显著高于空白组(P＜0.05);α-酸性糖蛋白(AAG)在整个试验过程中各组间的差异不显著(P＞0.05).结果 表明,经过硒化处理过的甘草多糖可以改善雏鸡的血液指标,提高机体的抵抗力且效果优于未经处理过的甘草多糖.本试验为硒化甘草多糖在雏鸡临床上的应用提供理论依据.