Luminescent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have a prospect in visualization detection for antibiotics. This work presented a europium/terbium functionalized MOF of Eu0.125Tb0.875-DDB (H4DDB = 1,3-di(3',5'-dicarboxylphenyl)benzene) and an agarose hydrogel of Eu0.125Tb0.875-DDB@agarose....

The efficient utilization of clayey spoil from shield tunneling poses a key challenge for sustainable infrastructure development. This study developed a high-volume spoil-based single-fluid synchronous grouting material using spoil from Jinan Metro Line 9. The effects of spoil content (60 ~ 90wt%), water-to-solid ratio (0.55~0.70), cement/fly ash ratio, and composite admixtures (viscosity-modifying agent, defoamer, accelerator) on the mechanical properties, rheology, and microstructure of the grout were systematically investigated. The optimal formulation (spoil: cement: fly ash = 6:3:1, water-to-solid ratio = 0.55) incorporating 1‰ viscosity-reducing agent(VRA) A, 3‰ VRA B, 4‰ defoamer, 3% calcium formate, and 1% sodium aluminate exhibited a 28‑day compressive strength of 3.19 MPa, a flow diameter of 251 mm, and a setting time of 10.55 h, meeting the requirements of the T/CECS 563‑2018 standard. Microstructural analyses (SEM, XRD) revealed that a low water-to-solid ratio (≤0.6) promotes cement hydration and fly ash pozzolanic reaction, forming an interwoven network of ettringite and C‑S‑H gel that significantly reduces porosity. Spoil content exceeding 80% increased water demand, leading to a 20~30% reduction in strength. The admixtures exhibited synergistic effects: viscosity-modifying agents enhanced particle dispersion, defoamer minimized air voids, and the combined accelerator promoted ettringite formation and shortened the setting time to 6.2 h. This work provides an environmentally viable solution for large‑scale recycling of shield spoil into high‑performance grouting materials.

The proliferation of electromagnetic spectrum applications and increasing integration density of electronic devices have intensified electromagnetic pollution, driving demand for advanced electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. While conductive polymer composites present promising alternatives to traditional metals, attaining both exceptional EMI shielding performance and environmental sustainability remains challenging. Here, we adopt controlled mild alkaline hydrolysis to precisely engineer the surface roughness and hydrophilicity of polylactic acid (PLA) fibers, generating optimal substrates for subsequent electroless silver (Ag) deposition. The resulting Ag/PLA conductive fibers are structured into flexible films through vacuum filtration and hot-pressing. These films demonstrate remarkable electrical conductivity of 102,270 S/m, attributed to the continuous Ag coating and three-dimensional fibrous conductive network. Despite a thickness of merely 66 mu m, the Ag/PLA films exhibit an ultra-high EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 101.0 dB and a specific shielding effectiveness of 9749.4 dB.cm(2)/g. Notably, the films maintain military-grade EMI shielding performance (> 90 dB) after thermal cycling across a similar to 300 degrees C temperature range and 5000 bending cycles, confirming superior durability and mechanical flexibility. By synergistically coupling biodegradable PLA with recoverable Ag, this work simultaneously achieves outstanding EMI shielding performance and environmental sustainability, providing valuable insights for developing next-generation green EMI protection materials.

Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heaters are widely used in self-regulating heating applications. However, it remains challenging to develop PTC heaters that can operate efficiently at low temperatures (<50 degrees C). Herein, we demonstrate the design of low-transition-temperature (39.5 degrees C) adaptive PTC composites by the combination of thermally responsive polyethylene glycol (PEG) and conductive carbon black (CB) in a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix. The reversible melting and crystallization of the PEG component enable dynamic reconstruction of the conductive network. The results demonstrate that the CB@PEG/TPU composite exhibits an exceptionally high PTC intensity of up to 2.7 at a low transition temperature (39.5 degrees C) while maintaining a low resistivity of 0.4 Omega & centerdot;m. The resultant CB@PEG/TPU heater exhibits excellent temperature stability with a temperature fluctuation of 2.1 degrees C under the environmental conditions of -10 to 10 degrees C. The outstanding comprehensive performance indicates that the CB@PEG/TPU composite holds broad application prospects in the field of self-regulating heating.

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) holds great promise for emerging applications such as next-generation flexible electronics, owing to its exceptional thermal stability, dielectric properties, and chemical resistance, etc. However, the difficult processibility and inadequate flexibility of PPS significantly limit its practical application, and overcoming these limitations remain a substantial challenge. This work synergistically combines mechanical and thermal rejuvenation to induce and perfect oriented nanocrystals, forming a robust chain network that balances stiffness and toughness for high-performance PPS films. The synergistically rejuvenated film shows a remarkable tensile strength of 383.8 MPa and ductility of 57.3% simultaneously, which correspond to 8.8 times and 1.3 than that of the ordinary casting film. Furthermore, it exhibits excellent integrated properties, including elevated optical transmittance of 83.2% (vs. 80.1% for the ordinary film), intrinsic limiting oxygen index of 32.0%, improved heat resistance (the heat distortion temperature increasing from 91.8 degrees C to 119.5 degrees C), and superb ability to withstand over 10,000 bending cycles (vs. 583 cycles for the ordinary film). Our approach provides a universal and facile strategy toward high-performance flexible PPS with enormous potential for next-generation flexible electronics.

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction to ammonia (eNO3RR) is an eco-friendly technology for the treatment of nitrate (NO3)-polluted water. An optimized bimetallic metal-organic framework material of Cu0.33Co0.67-BDC (H2BDC = 1,4-benzene dicarboxylic acid) was proposed as an efficient electrocatalyst for eNO3RR with the outstanding NH3 yield of 207.68 μmol∙h1cm2 and faradic efficiency of 77.95%. The electrocatalytic stability and durability of Cu0.33Co0.67-BDC for eNO3RR are demonstrated by NH3 yield and FE both fluctuating in an extremely narrow range during ten eNO3⁻RR cycles and a stable 10 h amperometric current-time test. The electrocatalytic mechanism is revealed as a synergistic effect between Cu(Ⅱ) and Co(Ⅱ) active sites. Cu0.33Co0.67-BDC is also designed as an anode to construct with Zn metal as a cathode into a zinc-nitrate (Zn-NO3⁻) battery. The Zn-NO3⁻ battery outstands itself for electrical energy supply with an impressive open circuit voltage of 1.62 V (vs. Zn/Zn2+), a power density of 1.59 mW cm−2 and a limiting current density of 4.68 mA cm−2. Two tandem Zn-NO3⁻ batteries can power four parallel LEDs simultaneously, supporting the practical capability of electrical power supply. This work provides an innovative approach for developing integrated "NO3⁻-pollution removal-energy supply" technologies.

The application of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofibrils in the membrane separation field has been extensively limited due to solvent toxicity and complex regulatory techniques of PVDF in the fabrication of nanofibrils. In this work, a scalable and environmental pollution-free protocol based on in situ nanofibrillation, followed by etching of the polymer matrix to fabricate PVDF nanofibrillar membranes for oil-water separation, has been successfully realized. Due to strong interfacial interactions with the poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) matrix, PVDF nanofibrils with diameters ranging from 200 to 400 nm are obtained by shear and stretch stresses under the melt-stretching field. The low surface energy of PVDF and the rough surface of PVDF nanofibrillar membranes result in hydrophobic and under-oil superhydrophobic performances, making them strong candidates for application in oil-water emulsion separation. The high separation flux (5160 L m-2 h-1 bar-1) and separation efficiency (97.5%) are achieved when the membrane thickness reaches 1.7 mm, surpassing the performance of other PVDF-based membranes. PVDF nanofibrillar membranes also display high durability, ascribed to a robust nanofibril-jointed structure, which maintains a good balance between permeability and separation efficiency after multiple separations. Moreover, PVDF nanofibrillar membranes also exhibit promising comprehensive performance, including good oil-absorption capacity, good reusability, resistance to acids/alkalis/organic solvents, and temperature resistance. This work offers insights into the construction of PVDF separation membranes via a scalable and pollution-free processing technology.

The accumulation of nitrate/nitrite (NOx-) in wastewater poses a threat on ecological safety. Electrocatalytic NOx- reduction to ammonia (NOx-RR) is feasible to realize green ammonia production. This work developed a 2D copper metal-organic framework of Cu-BDC (H2BDC = 1,4-benzene dicarboxylic acid) as an efficient electrocatalyst for NOx-RR, exhibiting high-performance with the NH3 yield of 71.20 mu mol h- 1 cm-2 and a Faraday efficiency of 80.9 % at -0.746 V (vs. RHE) for NO2- RR, and the NH3 yield of 130.16 mu mol h- 1 cm- 2 and a Faraday efficiency of 67.42 % at -0.946 V (vs. RHE) for NO3- RR. Isotope labelled 14NO3- and 15NO3- produced 14NH4+ and 15NH4+, supporting the formation of NH3 comes from the NO3- RR. In three NOx-RR cycles, all NH3 yields and Faraday efficiencies show a slight change, demonstrating an excellent electrocatalytic stability in NOx-RR. Our work provides a new material platform for the elimination of nitrate and nitrite through electrocatalytic reduction.

The development of high-performance flexible microwave absorption materials (MAMs) is crucial for next-generation wearable stealth and electromagnetic protection, yet it remains challenging to integrate ultra-wideband absorption, lightweight, and mechanical robustness in a single material. Here, a novel collision-mediated energy transfer strategy coupled with a pH-regulated deposition process is proposed to fabricate liquid-metal magnetic hollow microspheres with a compositional-gradient structure. This hierarchical architecture enables efficient impedance matching and multi-mode energy dissipation. As a result, the material achieves an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 9.0 GHz at a thickness of 2.39 mm. In addition, a reflection loss below -20 dB is obtained at 1.46 GHz, indicating highly competitive performance among hollow-microsphere-based MAMs. Importantly, the absorption performance remains stable under mechanical deformation. The material maintains an EAB of 8.0 GHz even after 100% tensile strain, demonstrating its potential for flexible applications. Multiscale quantitative analyses reveal synergistic magnetic-dielectric coupling loss mechanisms. Practical radar cross-section simulations corroborate the exceptional stealth capability, with only 0.16% of incident energy reflected. This work provides a viable strategy for designing flexible and broadband microwave absorption materials.

Polyimide (PI) microwave absorption (MA) foam is favored in the aerospace field due to its lightweight and chemical stability. However, the poor mechanical properties of PI foam matrix restrict its broader application. While monomer design and component optimization can enhance the mechanical property of PI MA foam, the inherent high melt temperature and viscosity still limit in-depth structure design. Consequently, improving the intrinsic mechanical property of PI MA foam remains a significant challenge. Here, we employ the in situ foaming process, grafting epoxy groups onto PI main chain and incorporating rigid segments to create a cross-linked, interpenetrated, and entangled network system dominated by epoxy-PI molecular chains. The enhanced polarity and stiffness of the PI main chain through molecular design, and the optimized skeletal structure through component regulation, jointly improve the mechanical strength of the PI MA foam. The obtained PI MA foam maintains structural stability even under the dual impact of high temperature (200°C) and load (10 000 times of self-weight). Due to the superior impedance matching and multiple reflection paths, the foam offers the optimal effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 10.5 GHz at low CNT content (1.5 wt.%) and thin thickness (2.5 mm). This research provides a straightforward and industrial-scale strategy to prepare multifunctional PI MA foam suitable for electromagnetic/infrared stealth in harsh environments.

Positive temperature coefficient (PTC) composites are currently employed extensively in various electrical equipment (e.g., power battery, artificial satellite, and optical instrument) due to their self-adaptive temperature control capability. However, it remains challenging to develop PTC composites that can simultaneously achieve high flexibility and low transformation point. Herein, we report the successful fabrication of flexible PTC composites with low transformation point by adopting a 3D interconnected Ecoflex skeleton to support carbon black (CB) and lauric acid (LA) components. The CB@LA/Ecoflex composite with 14 wt% CB content achieves a low room-temperature resistivity of 1.6 Omegam and a remarkable PTC intensity of 2.5. In addition, the composite reaches a stable equilibrium temperature of similar to 23.5 degrees C within 600 s, exhibiting a variation of only 0.038 degrees C when subjected to an ambient temperature of -10 degrees C and an applied voltages of 30 V. It is also demonstrated that the CB@LA/Ecoflex composites possess excellent flexibility and cyclic stability. This remarkable comprehensive performance demonstrates the promise of the CB@LA/Ecoflex composites in the thermal control of advanced electrical equipment.

Conductive polymer composites featuring a segregated structure exhibit exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) even at low conductive filler loadings. However, their practical adoption is hindered by complex manufacturing processes and inadequate mechanical properties resulting from poor interfacial adhesion. Inspired by the intricate microstructure of butterfly wings, we designed and fabricated a series of carbon nanotube/polylactic acid composites (CNT/PLA-G) with a segregated structure based on triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), using a precision 3D-printed PLA skeleton for tailored morphology. The optimized CNT/PLA-G composites demonstrate significantly enhanced mechanical performance, with bending and tensile strengths reaching 87.5 MPa and 44.9 MPa, respectively, substantially surpassing those of latticestructured composites. Moreover, a strong linear relationship was identified between EMI SE and internal surface area across the series of 3D-printed architectures. The G7 composite achieved an EMI SE of 45.6 dB at a low CNT content of just 2 wt%. Furthermore, with an increase in CNT loading to 5 wt%, the EMI SE reached approximately 65.0 dB. This study offers an efficient and straightforward strategy for fabricating 3D-printed composites with tunable EMI shielding performance and excellent mechanical properties, suitable for advanced EMI shielding applications.

Polypropylene (PP) dielectric films dominate commercial dielectric capacitors, but their intrinsically low polarizability has become a major bottleneck for next-generation high-energy-density dielectric films. Although current modification strategies can enhance polarization, these improvements frequently result in increased dielectric loss, diminished breakdown strength, or inadequate compatibility with biaxial film processing techniques. Here, this bottleneck is addressed through in situ engineering of sheet-like domains in a PP/poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PP/PMMA/PVDF) ternary system. During biaxial stretching, the droplet-like PMMA/PVDF dispersed phase is reconstructed into sheet-like domains extending along the film plane, converting biaxial deformation from a manufacturing step into a morphology-engineering strategy. The resulting layered architecture can enhance the interfacial polarization, suppress through-thickness charge transport, and mitigate local electric-field concentration while maintaining the high-breakdown-tolerance semicrystalline framework of PP. Consequently, the optimized film delivers a discharged energy density of 5.1 J/cm3 at 650 MV/m with an efficiency above 90%, together with good large-area uniformity and stable cycling performance. More importantly, this work identifies post-deformation dispersed-phase geometry as a decisive design variable in all-organic dielectric films, providing a practical route toward high-performance polymer dielectric materials.

Luminescent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have potential application in the visual detection of antibiotics. This work presented a europium/terbium-functionalized MOF of Eu0.125Tb0.875-DDB (H4DDB = 1,3-di(3 ',5 '-dicarboxylphenyl)benzene) and an agarose hydrogel of Eu0.125Tb0.875-DDB@agarose. Eu0.125Tb0.875-DDB acted as a ratiometric fluorescence sensor for the detection of ciprofloxacin (CPFX), showing the linear relationships I488/I612 = 0.00479CCPFX + 0.06906 (where I488/I612 is the ratio of emission intensities at 488 and 612 nm) within the CPFX concentration (CCPFX) range of 3-20 & micro;M and I488/I612 = 0.00178CCPFX + 0.129 within the CCPFX range of 20-45 & micro;M. The limits of detection (LODs) for these two CCPFX ranges were 0.315 and 0.848 & micro;mol L-1 (& micro;M), respectively. Furthermore, the sensing of CPFX by Eu0.125Tb0.875-DDB had no interference from common cations/anions, amino acids, and antibiotics. The accuracy of the fluorescence assay using Eu0.125Tb0.875-DDB was demonstrated in lake water and milk samples, with the measured CCPFX close to the spiked CCPFX. A smart-phone assisted method was used to recognize the blue values (B) of the images of Eu0.125Tb0.875-DDB@agarose sheets, thus establishing a quantitative model of B = 0.98857CCPFX + 110.8381, with an LOD of 0.9189 & micro;M. An allochroic rose mold of Eu0.125Tb0.875-DDB@agarose exhibited anti-counterfeiting through a series of color changes under UV light irradiation for a certain time. This work provides not only a fluorescence assay for the visual detection of CPFX by a heterometallic MOF but also an agarose hydrogel for anti-counterfeiting applications.

Luminescent Rh6G@Eu-DDB acts a fluorescence-enhanced ratiometric sensor for NFX and a fluorescence turn-off sensor for NFT with high sensitivity.

Electromagnetic interference shielding (EMIS) and microwave absorption (MA) are two ways to tackle the deteriorating electromagnetic pollution. Generally, they present contradictory electromagnetic behavior, and it is challenging to simultaneously achieve both EMIS and MA properties within a single material. Thus, highly absorbed EMIS (HA-EMIS) material is a compromising solution. However, the electromagnetic parameter calculation method of MA is unsuitable for HA-EMI materials, severely hindering the unification of EMIS and MA. To address this issue, we propose both a new theoretical method for extracting the electromagnetic parameters of non-magnetic high-loss materials and a direct measurement technique for MA property. The validity of the proposed approach is verified through both simulations and experiments. These results indicate that high EMIS materials with excellent MA property are expected to be developed in the near future under the guidance of our work, facilitating the integration of these two research areas.

In response to the demands for the intelligent thermal structure of aircraft, on-line health monitoring based on high-temperature resistance measurement of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) can effectively identify the damage state of CMCs. However, highly reliable interconnects between CMCs and metal electrodes remain a major challenge, requiring high temperature resistance, high interface strength and excellent electrical stability. High-performance interconnects were realized by the diffusion reaction of a novel hybrid solder (polysilazane and Ag-Cu-Ti) between Mo electrodes and Cf/SiC composites. Highly conductive and temperature resistant Ti(C, N) and (Ti,Mo)5Si3 were formed on the Cf/SiC and Mo electrode side respectively, and a mixed metal/ ceramic structure Ag(C)/Cu/Ti(C,N) were formed in the hybrid solder matrix. The high-performance interconnects exhibit high interface strength of 14.97-19.07 MPa. The resistance measurement can be conducted stably up to 1200 degrees C in an argon atmosphere and 825 degrees C in air with excellent resistance stability and repeatability.

The growing demand for electrified technologies operating in thermally harsh environments, ranging from electric vehicles to aerospace power systems, requires polymer dielectrics that can sustain high energy density and reliability at elevated temperatures. However, the performance of biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), the industrial standard for capacitor films, is fundamentally limited by thermally activated segmental motion in its amorphous regions, which accelerates charge carrier transport and leads to premature electrical failure. Here, we present a scalable, all-organic molecular design strategy that leverages entropy-enthalpy-driven miscibility to suppress this thermally induced conduction. Low-molecular-weight poly(phenylene oxide) oligomers, which act as "molecular brakes", are incorporated into a maleic-anhydride-functionalized PP matrix to restrict chain mobility, promote the formation of well-developed crystalline lamellae, and introduce deep traps. Molecular simulations and experimental characterization confirm that this synergistic confinement effectively stabilizes the amorphous phase and hinders charge carrier transport at high temperature. At 120 degrees C, modified BOPP films achieve a discharged energy density of 4.6 J cm-3 with 96.2% charge-discharge efficiency at 715 MV m-1. This entropy-enthalpy-guided molecular design provides a practical and generalizable pathway for engineering heat-resilient polymer dielectrics using fully scalable, industry-compatible materials.

Polycarbonate (PC) glass holds significant applications prospects in the fields of automotive sunroofs, train windshields, and aerospace windows vehicles, yet conventional processing methods like injection and extrusion molding are difficult to meet the high-performance requirements of PC in these fields. To address this, in this work, we employ simultaneous biaxial extensional stress to regulate the microstructures of PC, combining with advanced structural characterization methods to achieve high-performance PC glasses. The effects of draw ratios and stretching rates on microstructure and property of PC are thoroughly investigated. Results show that the prepared biaxially oriented PC (BOPC) film achieve a significant enhancement in tensile strength from 55.5 MPa to 88.4 MPa, and in the Young's modulus from 854.2 MPa to 2187.6 MPa. Meanwhile, the optical properties of BOPC are well-maintained even slightly improved, with a transmittance of >89 % (in the visible range), while the haze and yellowness are below 1.8 % and 0.8, respectively. Through ex-situ/in-situ Wide angle X-ray scattering, dynamic mechanical analysis and polarized infrared spectroscopy, we reveal that the mechanical enhancement of BOPC stems from the increase in local chain entanglement density and the formation of oriented microstructure. Finally, a microscopic mechanism explaining the mechanical property changes of PC induced by biaxial extensional stress is proposed. This study provides meaningful insights into the structural evolution of PC under biaxial extensional stress and can support scalable production of high-performance BOPC products.

Polypropylene (PP) is the most widely used polymer dielectric in film capacitors for electrical, electronic, and automotive applications. However, its intrinsically linear dielectric nature limits its energy storage density (Ue). Composite modification using functional fillers is a common strategy to enhance Ue. Conventional wide-bandgap inorganic fillers often introduce severe interfacial band mismatch, which results in reduced Coulombic efficiency. Organic semiconductors offer an alternative by improving insulation through electron trapping enabled by conduction-band misalignment without increasing dielectric loss. Nevertheless, the shallow valence bands of most organic semiconductors promote hole transport and accumulation, which accelerates electrical aging. Their rts large-scale application. Therefore, developing low-cost organic semiconductors with deep electronic bands is both critically important and highly challenging. Here, we synthesize a two-dimensional crystalline Polyimine with an ultradeep conduction (-5.46 eV) and valence band (-8.0 eV). When incorporated into PP, it is inferred to simultaneously suppress electron transport via deep-level trapping and effectively restrict hole injection, resulting in nearly doubled Ue of PP with low dielectric loss. This work reports a low-cost semiconducting polymer that provides a new and scalable strategy to enhance the insulation and Ue of PP, with promising potential to advance the polymer dielectric field significantly.