为研究甘蔗梢腐病不同病原菌的致病力差异,利用4份野生菌株(2份Fusarium sacchari、1份F.proliferatum和1份F.andiyazi)与2份诱变菌株(F.sacchari和F.andiyazi的EMS诱变菌株),采用室内离体接种方法对9份甘蔗种质材料进行梢腐病病原菌致病力测定及甘蔗抗性鉴定,根据病斑大小划分抗性等级评价甘蔗的抗性.结果表明,试验的9份材料中,不同甘蔗材料对不同梢腐病病原菌抗性不同,诱变菌株致病力整体上明显变弱,但在个别甘蔗材料上结果相反,说明不同甘蔗品种对病原的不同致病基因响应效果不同.F.andiyazi能够较快识别并侵入甘蔗叶引起发病,CP85-1308对5个不同菌株抗病性最好,F134和CP72-1210材料对3种病原菌均表现为高感.甘蔗分蘖期对梢腐病菌的免疫力较伸长期差、易感染,甘蔗梢腐病的抗性评价较佳时期为分蘖期.

为了筛选抗甘蔗梢腐病的优异种质材料,采用室内离体接种方法对70份甘蔗种质材料进行梢腐病抗性鉴定.根据发病程度划分的抗性等级和聚类分析的方法综合评价种质材料的抗性.结果表明,甘蔗分蘖期对梢腐病菌的免疫力较伸长期差.参试的70个种质材料中,高抗材料6个,占8.57％;抗病材料15个,占21.43％;中抗材料13个,占18.57％;中感材料12个,占17.14％;感病材料13个,占18.57％;高感材料11个,占15.71％.在2次不同生育期接种过程中'HoCP02-263'均未发病,很可能是对Fusarium sacchari免疫的材料.系统聚类分析的结果与材料的抗性表现基本一致.甘蔗梢腐病的抗性评价较佳时期为分蘖期.

自主经营扶贫小额信贷能解决贫困户脱贫致富资金难题,可以推进贫困地区产业发展、增加贫困群众收入、激发贫困地区发展的内生动力.在实际运行中,自主经营扶贫小额信贷因发展产业失败、贷后管理不到位、政策宣传不到位和农户有异常现象发生等产生逾期违约风险.基于此,对逾期违约农户样本进行分类分析,对不同类型逾期违约农户提出相应的对策.

以甘蔗品种‘福农39’和‘新台糖22’的茎尖为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,研究不同激素浓度和不同茎尖部位对愈伤组织的诱导与分化的效应.结果 表明:添加3.0 mg/L 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)对甘蔗品种‘福农39’愈伤组织的诱导效果最佳.在此浓度下,‘福农39’和对照‘新台糖22’愈伤组织诱导率分别达到98.9％和97.8％;茎尖生长点基部(较粗的一端)以上0～3 cm的部位愈伤组织诱导效果最好,‘福农39’和对照‘新台糖22’该部位的愈伤组织诱导率分别达到了97.8％和88.9％;添加2.0 mg/L6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA)对甘蔗品种‘福农39’愈伤组织的分化诱导效果最好.在此浓度下,‘福农39’和对照‘新台糖22’愈伤组织分化出苗率分别达到了57.4％和74.1％;茎尖生长点基部以上0～3 cm部位诱导的愈伤组织分化出苗率最高,‘福农39’和对照‘新台糖22’在该部位的愈伤组织分化出芽率分别达到了41.5％和54.8％.本研究为后续‘福农39’转基因研究及健康种苗生产提供帮助.

农业是国民经济的基础,在整个国民经济中占有重要的地位.由于特殊的地理环境、气候等因素,导致西部各省份农产品产量有明显的差距.本文对我国西部12个省份的农产品产量进行研究,探究影响西部农业种植产量的因素,对西部农业的发展,种植产量的提升具有重要现实意义.

观察不同品种甘蓝型油菜在广西南宁的花期和农艺性状,以筛选出适宜与水稻轮作、观赏和生物量大的品种.观察记录并分析甘蓝型油菜的花期以及农艺性状.引种试验所观察的76个油菜品种均能顺利通过春化并开花结实,筛选出适合不同时期观赏和适合轮作的甘蓝型油菜;所观察的已引种的6个油菜品种,华油杂9号、华双4号、中油杂19综合性状好,生物量大,建议推广.

采取问卷形式对广西166户农户的家庭基本情况、乡村种养背景、芸薹属作物认知及种植意愿等进行调查,在对各有效答题进行基本统计分析的基础上,进一步采用主成分分析以及Logit模型对影响农户种植油菜意愿的因素进行分析.结果表明,种植油菜产生额外收入的多少、种植油菜对当地旅游业发展的促进对种植油菜的意愿有显著影响.此外,基于问卷分析,对在广西充分利用冬闲田发展油菜旅游、绿肥等产业,推进产业结构调整,促进农民增产增收提出了针对性的建议.

In this study,120 different sugarcane varieties from different regions or having different genetic backgrounds were used to study the phosphorus (P) genetic differences and screen high and low P efficiency in fields.The main results are as follows:Low P stress had a significant impact on shoot biomass,plant height,P accumulation,P utilization efficiency and P content in leaves (+5) at seedling stage.Shoot biomass was significantly correlated with P accumulation,P utilization efficiency,but showed no significant correlation with other traits.Cluster analysis of shoot biomass,P accumulation and P utilization efficiency at seedling stage of sugarcane showed that the tested varieties could be divided into 5 types,namely low-yield and low P efficiency,relatively low-yield and relatively low P efficiency,high-yield and low P efficiency,low-yield and high P efficiency,high-yielding and high P efficiency.Based on the P efficiency associated traits at seedling stage and cane yield at mature stage,five sugarcane genotypes of high P efficiency,that is,FN91-21,MT01-77,GT97-69,YR06-8270 and YR06-8362,and five sugarcane genotypes of low phosphorus efficiency,that is,Co285,TY14,YR05-782,YR05-784 and YR06-2414 were selected.The above results would provide an important basis for breeding P efficient cultivars and deeply studying P efficient mechanism.

Objective:To analyze distribution characteristics of simple sequence repeat (SSR) in expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from turmeric (Curcuma longa L.),develop relative species of Curcama kwangsinesisEST-SSR primers-,and discuss Curcama kwangsinesis in genetic diversity and molecular breeding.Methods:Download 12678 ESTs from Curcuma longa published in NCBI database;using the SSR-FINDER to search the SSR loci,screen qualified sequences,using the Primer 5.0 to design SSR primers;choose 30 phenotype different germplasm resources of Curcama kwangsinesis to detect the effectiveness and polymorphism of primers,genetic diversity of 50 Guangxi Curcama kwangsinesis.Results:A total of 1243 microsatellite repeats were detected from 12 678 EST sequences of Curcama kwangsinesis.After redundancy elimination,the dinucleotide frequency was 50.36％,and the trinucleotide and the tetranucleotide were 31.54％ and 10.30％,respectively.AT/TA and CT/GA frequencies were the highest.About 325 primers were designed by Primer 5.0,the PCR detection showed that 104 primers could amplify the ideal PCR products,and 48 pairs of SSR primers were detected polymorphism in at least 30 different germplasms in Curcama kwangsinesis,accounting for 38.09％ of all the designed primers.The study of the genetic diversity analysis,cluster analysis results showed that the genetic similarily coefficient range of the 50 Curcama kwangsinesis in the correlation coefficient of 0.7 was narrow for the clustering of two classes.Conclusion:The EST resources of Curcuma longa had the high frequency of SSR loci,and the development of EST-SSR markers was efficient.The study developed 48 EST-SSR markers for Curcama kwangsinesis,and selected candidate sequences that were rich in SSR loci,the clustering diagram example was used to verify the relationships between plants,and provided the reference for the genetic diversity analysis and molecular breeding researche of Curcama kwangsinesis.

[Objective]The present study investigated occurrence of sugarcane pokkah boeng in Liuzhou and Laibin of Guangxi and varieties resistance, in order to provide scientific reference for sugarcane variety distribution and disease con-trol. [Method]A survey was conducted in six counties of Liuzhou and Laibin with methods of fixed-point and random selection. Pokkah boeng occurrence at initial stage was investgated. According to disease degree , pokkah boeng resistance of sugarcane varieties in field was comprehensively evaluated combing disease resistance standard and clustering analysis. Regional difference of sugarcane pokkah boeng occurrence was analyzed as well. [Result]Incidence of sugarcane pokkah boeng in Liuzhou and Laibin was 0-6.11%. incidence of new-planting was 0.34%-1.87%and that of ratoon was 0-6.11%. Ratoons were more susceptible than new-plantings except for variety Liucheng 05-136. Disease incidence was the highest on variety Yuetang 93-159 in Xingbin district of Laibin city, and followed by variety Yuetang 00-236 in Wuxuan county of Laibin city. Based on the resistance performance of ratoon and new-planting in different areas, three varieties Liucheng 03-1137, ROC16 and GT40 were identified as high resistance, and the rest six varieties were identified as resistance. In terms of county sugarcane planting areas, there was obvious difference in disease incidence in the six investigated counties (districts). The incidence in Wuxuan county was the highest(2.85%) and that in Rong'an county was the lowest(1.52%). In terms of city sugarcane planting areas, there was no obvious difference in pokkah boeng incidence in the two areas (Li-uzhou and Laibin)(P>0.05). The incidence in Liuzhou(1.93%) was lower than that in Laibin(2.39%). [Conclusion]At present, pokkah boeng is not a serious threat to sugarcane planting in Liuzhou and Laibin. There is no obvious difference in disease incidence regarding Liuzhou and Laibin, but there is obvious difference regarding county sugarcane planting areas. Sugarcane variety has a certain genetic stability concerning pokkah boeng disease resistance , but regional climate and eco-logical environment conditions are key factors affecting the occurrence and development of sugarcane pokkah boeng.

Objective Based on available sequence information of Curcuma longa L.in NCBI website,and develop the EST-SSR primers from the closely related species-Curcama kwangsinesis.Methods Download the ESTs from Curcuma longa L.which were published in NCBI database,use SSR-FINDER to search the SSR loci and Primer 5.0 to design primers;chooses 30 phenotype differences germplasm resources of Curcama kwangsinesis to detect the effectiveness and polymorphic of primers.Results A total of 1 243 microsatellite repeats were detected from 12 678 EST sequences of Curcuma longa L.After redundancy elimination,the dinucleotide frequency is 50.36％,and the trinucleotide and the tetranucleotide,31.54％.AT/TA and CT/GA have the highest frequency.About 325 primers were designed,the PCR detection showed that 104 primers can amplify the clear zone type;Detected in 30 different germplasm in Curcama kwangsinesis.About 48 primers had polymorphism,accounting for 38.09％ of all the designed primers.Conclusion The EST resources of Curcuma longa L.has the high frequency of SSR loci,and the EST-SSR markers development is efficiency.

利用SSR与RAPD两种分子标记对美国、中国台湾以及中国大陆不同甘蔗育种单位选育的甘蔗品种或亲本材料的遗传多样性进行评估.其中19对SSR引物共扩增出87条带,多态性带为84条,多态性比例为96.55％,扩增出的条带数范围为2～8条,平均每对引物扩增出4.58条带,引物的PIC值范围为0.34～0.93,平均0.64.21条RAPD引物共扩增出184条带,扩增条带数范围为3～16,平均每条引物扩增8.76条带,其中多态性带为184,多态性比例为100％,引物PIC范围为0.53～0.97,平均0.86.结果表明,两种分子标记都能较好的评估甘蔗品种的遗传多样性.

Objective] To optimize the seed germination condition of Lithops, and to enhance the germination rate of seeds using MS culture medium to replace soil as growth medium of Lithops.[Method] Compared with the seed germination rate, root growth and seedling growth in different culture mediums, we screened the illumination time, hormone proportion and soaking time.[Result] 1/2 MS culture medium is the most suitable culture medium for the germination and growth of Lithops seeds.Illumination for 16 h was the optimal time.The factors influen-cing degree from big to small was soaking time, GA concentration, IAA concentration and 6-BA concentration.Among them, GA concentra-tion and soaking time had significant effects on seed germination.And 0.1 mg/mL GA and 4 h soaking time were the optimal combination. [Conclusion] This research provides basis for the rapid propagation technique of Lithops tissue culture.

This review included five parts: the identification methods and the diversity of Fusarium, Fusarium- plant interaction, evolution of pathogenic genes, Fusarium toxins and Fusarium diseases in sugarcane. And it discussed and summarized significant research progresses on Fusarium in order to provide new ideas for future research.

《作物育种学》作为农业学专业的主干课程,与其他学科相比较,其最大的特点就是作物育种学对实践的重视。本文针对农业专业学习作物育种学的要求,探讨《作物育种学》的教学理论与实践,进行教学创新,帮助学生在育种的实验学习中掌握育种的基本原理和方法。

Crop Science is an applied science directly serving agricultural production.Based on the analysis on practical teaching status quo of Crop Science,this paper illustrates the problems in practical teaching and the significance of the practical teaching reform.This paper also puts forward the general idea and a series of specific measures on practical teaching reform of Crop Science:such as establishing new teaching idea;integrating small courses of different professional courses,such as crop cultivation,crop breeding and so on into the big course of crop science practice;specifying and integrating different practical teaching content and establishing a common teaching resources platform as well as introducing the new course content and method.After the reform,the teaching system may become more effective to use teaching time and teaching resources so that the practical teaching contents can be integrated and student's practical ability and innovative thinking ability can be improved.

RAPD,SSR and AFLP technology combined with bulked segregant analysis were performed to identify genetic markers for pol CMS restorer gene Rfp and to map the markers using an F2 population of a pol CMS line 1141A crossed to its restorer line Huayehui.One AFLP marker E7P16230 and one RAPD marker S1-500 were identified linked to Rfp locus.These two genetic markers flank Rfp gene on different sides,and closely linked to Rfp with a genetic distance of 4.3 cM for E7P16230 and 10.8 cM for S1-500,respectively.

【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to probe the mechanism of heterosis of Brassica napus in gene expression level,and to accumulate the experimental data for final demonstrating the genetic basis of heterosis.【Method】Two cDNA-based Arabidopisis microarrays were used to analyze gene differential expression in bud of an elite B.napus hybrid Huayouza6 and its parents.【Result】There were 83 over-expression transcripts and 331 under-expression transcripts between Huayouza6 and its female parent 8086A and 94 over-expression transcripts and 423 under-expression transcripts were demonstrated between Huayouza6 and its male parent 7-5.Further analysis showed that there were significant number of genes responsible for photosynthesis,which its implication for heterosis was discussed.Northern analysis of phosphoribulokinase coincided with its expression pattern derived from hybridization of Arabidopsis cDNA microarray and B.napus mRNA.【Conclusion】This system of heterologous hybridization analysis should be applicable to other close relatives of Arabidopsis thaliana,and basic metabolism genes exert significant influence on heterosis of Brassica napus.

【Objective】 Dominant genic male sterility (DGMS) is an important way to utilize the heterosis of Brassica napus. So, pilot studies were conducted for better understanding the mechanism of the DGMS. 【Method】 By using cDNA-AFLP, the fertile plants and sterile plants between the homozygous DGMS two-type line Rs1046AB were studied. 【Result】There were 32 differentially expressed bands between them which belonged to 27 uniGene. Among them, 26 bands were only expressed or expressed in a higher level in fertile plants, and only 1 band in sterile plants. 17 bands could find homologous sequence, but the other 10 bands were maybe some novel genes. The 17 homologous sequences participated in the following biological process: metabolism, transcription, cell cycle, protein fate, signal transduction mechanism, cellular transport and flower development etc. Furthermore Northern blot demonstrates that it was consistent with the result of PAGE. 【Conclusion】This research could give basic information about the dominant genic male sterility in Brassica napus and male gametogenesis.

In this study, AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) was improved on the combination of restriction enzymes by using two average cutting frequency restriction enzymes (EcoRⅠ+PstⅠ) to take place the combination of an average cutting frequency and a higher cutting frequency restriction enzyme (EcoRI+MseI and PstI+MseI) in a single digestion. The results showed that the combination of EcoRⅠ+PstⅠ could generate fewer fragments with larger size (most of bands distribute among 150 bp to 800bp) as well as a higher percentage of polymorphism than EcoRⅠ+MseⅠ and PstⅠ+MseⅠ. The signal strength and polymorphism of PCR products were improved too. Furthermore, the results described here have great commercial potential because the average cutting frequency enzymes EcoRI and PstI are much cheaper than the high cutting frequency enzyme MseI. In this way, the cost of AFLP analysis can be reduced.