This study applied non-targeted metabolomics technology based on LC-MS and targeted analysis to investigate the metabolic composition and changes, color-related chemical components, and enzymatic activity differences in pickled leaf mustard throughout the entire natural fermentation process. The results of Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that acid-catalyzed chlorophyll degradation, carbonyl ammonia reaction, ascorbic acid oxidative degradation, cell membrane structure damage and decreased defense mechanisms of antioxidant enzymes (such as POD, PAL, and APX) played dominant roles in color changes of pickled leaf mustard during fermentation. According to the results of KEGG enrichment, we noted that the amino acids-related metabolic pathways including cyanoamino acid metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, glutamate metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism were enriched. Moreover, three important lipid metabolism pathways including alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism, were enriched. We also noted the biosynthesis pathways of two types of alkaloids (indole and isoquinoline alkaloids). The contents of important intermediate metabolites involved in color-regulation had changed a lot, including porphyrinogen, γ-aminobutyric acid, tyramine, dopamine, indole-3-acetic acid, N-Acetyl serotonin, glycerophosphocholine, and traumatic acid. Besides, one phenolic compound, two terpenoid secondary metabolites, and one isoquinoline alkaloid were potentially strongly correlated with color changes of tissues. The composition and content of phenolic substrates changed significantly as the fermentation tended to mature. This study would provide new insights into the related physiological mechanisms of color-change during fermentation in natural fermented leaf mustard and a theoretical reference for the quality control strategy of fermented vegetables.

Fermented mustard greens are widely consumed in China, but product quality from natural fermentation is often unstable due to variability in raw materials and environmental microbiota. In this study, mustard greens were fermented using a composite starter culture of three Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains (LDVS008, LDVS012, and LT303) (DVS) and compared with natural fermentation (CK). Microbial succession during inoculated fermentation was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Compared with CK, DVS showed faster acidification and earlier establishment of a stable low-pH environment, while nitrite accumulation was reduced. Organic acid production was accelerated, bitter-tasting free amino acids decreased, and flavor development proceeded rapidly and consistently, resulting in a more harmonious taste. A total of 168 volatile compounds were identified, with DVS exhibiting higher overall levels. Based on an odor activity value (OAV) threshold of >= 0.1, 48 odor-active compounds were selected, and several key flavor compounds showed elevated OAVs in DVS. L. plantarum was the dominant genus during DVS fermentation and showed positive correlations with organic acids, free amino acids, and aroma-active compounds. Overall, the composite starter culture optimized fermentation, enhanced flavor quality, and may have potential for practical applications.

Pickled mustard is widely appreciated for its unique flavor and nutritional benefits. Although extensive research has examined its processing techniques and functional composition, a systematic framework for assessing processing quality remains lacking. To address this gap, this study develops a comprehensive quality evaluation model to objectively differentiate commercial pickled mustard products. Fourteen key quality indicators were subjected to rigorous descriptive statistical analysis, followed by multivariate approaches including dominance correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and entropy weighting method (EWM). The composite scores generated by the model exhibited strong agreement with empirical sensory evaluations (r = 0.8798), validating the model's reliability and effectiveness in quality assessment.

In this research, ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase extraction (UA-ATPE) was utilized to isolate polysaccharides from Siraitia grosvenorii (SGPs). Based on the results of model optimization experiments, the extraction parameters were determined. The total extraction rate of SGPs was 25.77 %, which was 1.39 times higher than that obtained through conventional hot water extraction (HWE). Various analyses indicated that all SGPs were acidic polysaccharides with similar molecular weights. However, there were slight variations in the monosaccharide composition, surface morphology, and infrared spectral characteristics. These structural features endowed SGPs with various antioxidant, hygroscopic, and moisturizing properties, which provided valuable data for the development of the cosmetic raw materials and also presented new ideas for the application of SGPs.

Badila (Saccharum officinarum) is one of the important chewing cane in south China. During the year 2019-2020, as much as 60.2%-87.5% of sugarcane plants stem showed red rot developments were observed in the fields of Yongning District, Nanning city, Guangxi province. Symptomatic plants showed red rot at basal stem nodes and sheath, when the disease serious, the epidermis and aerial roots decomposed and exfoliated, then formed sclerotiums, the upper stem also occurred the symptom. Infected plant tissues were dissected into small pieces with 0.1 × 0.1cm in size and surface sterilized in 0.1% HCl2 for 2 min, followed by 75% ethanol for 30 s, rinsed three times with sterile distilled water. Then the tissues were placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates and incubated at 25 °C for 3 days. Numerous white globoid sclerotia were formed on PDA after 5 days of growth. The sclerotia (2 to 3 mm in diameter) were white at first and then gradually turned dark brown. Aerial mycelia usually formed many narrow hyphal strands 4 to 9 μm wide. Five uniform isolates were obtained from diseased sugarcane plants. Pathogenicity of representative strain W1 was confirmed by inoculating 120-day-old Badila plants grown in field. Five plants were inoculated with colonized agar discs (6mm in diameter) by applying toothpick tips to the lower part of the stem. Five non-inoculated plants served as control. The inoculated and non-inoculated plants were sprayed sterile water then incubated with plastic film for maintained high moisture. All the plants were placed inside of a growth chamber at 26 ± 2°C with a 14-h photoperiod and 80% relative humidity. All inoculated plants showed red rot at stem and sheath after 2 weeks, whereas the control plants were symptomless. By the third week, mycelium and sclerotia developed on the crown on the inoculated plants. The fungus was re-isolated from the artificially inoculated plants. To confirm the species-level identification, partial of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), mitocondrial small subunit (SSU), and nuclear ribosomal large subunit (LSU) regions of representative strain W1 were amplified and sequenced using the primers pairs ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), ITS-Fu-F /ITS-Fu-R and SRLSU1//SRLSU2 (Kumar et al., 2016), respectively. The resulting ITS, SSU and LSU sequences were deposited in GenBank (GenBank accession no. MW620994, MW617878, and MW617872) and shared 99.42%, 100% and 100% sequence identity with Athelia rolfsii isolate (JN017199, OM319631, and MT225781). Phylogenetic analysis conducted with neighbor-joining (NJ) method using MEGA6.0 revealed that the isolate share a common clade with reference sequence of A. rolfsii in GenBank Data Library. Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, the fungus was identified as A. rolfsii (anamorph: Sclerotium rolfsii) (Paul et al. 2017; Paparu et al. 2020). Although S. rolfsii has been reported causing sugarcane sett rot in Australia (Bhuiyan et al., 2019) and seedlings of sugarcane in Indian (Gopi et al., 2023), as we know, this is the first report of sugarcane basal stem rot disease caused by this fungus in China. This study will be helpful for the prevention and control sugarcane basal stem rot in the future.

Varieties of plant species may affect the composition and structures of the polysaccharides, thus have an impact on their chemical properties and biological activities. Herein, the present study comparatively evaluated the differences in the chemical composition, morphological structures, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory activity of the stem and peel polysaccharides from different varieties of pitaya. The FT-IR and NMR spectra indicated that the six polysaccharides had similar structural features, whereas the physicochemical characterization showed that they differed significantly in terms of the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and surface morphology. In addition, different varieties of pitaya polysaccharides exhibited different antioxidant activities and similar anti-inflammatory activities. These data suggested that varietal differences resulted in pitaya stem and peel polysaccharides with different monosaccharide compositions and molecular weights, thus led to different antioxidant activities and protection against oxidative damage, while similar structural features were closely related to their similar anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, the study of the stem and peel polysaccharides from different varieties of pitaya can help us to better understand the relationship between their composition and structure and their biological activities. In addition, pitaya stem and peel polysaccharides have the potential to act as antioxidants or to treat inflammatory damage.

该文对比分析干燥温度和切片厚度对柿子片干燥水分比、干燥速率及理化性质等的影响,结果表明,干燥温度越低,切片厚度越厚,干燥所需要的时间越长.厚度1.75 cm的柿子片所需干燥时间是厚度1.00 cm柿子片的1.5倍.45℃条件下柿子片干燥时长为21 h,是75℃条件下的2.33倍.VC在55℃条件下含量最高为694.30 mg/100 g,是75℃条件下的6.76倍.随着干燥温度升高,总酚含量呈现先升高再降低的趋势.干燥温度对柿子片可溶性单宁含量影响显著,柿子未经脱涩生产的柿子片存在涩味偏重的风险.干燥温度和切片厚度对柿子片硬度、咀嚼性和胶着性影响显著,结合感官评价得出干燥温度60℃切片厚度1.25 cm和1.50 cm的柿子片分值都在85分以上,可接受度高.

Flavonoids are secondary metabolites of plants. In general,most flavonoids are combined with glucosides and have extremely complex molecular structures. In nature, these flavonoids have a variety of biological activities, such as anti-oxidation,anti-virus, anti-tumor, scavenging free radicals, etc.; however,due to poor solubility and stability of flavonoids,their bioavailability is limited. The drug design method is used to modify the structure of flavonoids to give them special properties. At present, flavonoids have shown broad application prospects in treating tumors, inhibiting proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and multi-drug resistance of tumors and have become a research hotspot.

以新鲜双瓣茉莉花为原料,对比分析热风(HD)、微波(MVD)、微波-热风联合(MVD+HD)、真空冷冻(FD)干燥茉莉花的色泽、理化成分、抗氧化能力、氨基酸组分及挥发性风味物质的差异性.结果表明FD组茉莉花的L*值最大,a*值和ΔE最小,叶绿素、总酚含量最高,抑制羟自由基能力最强;而MVD+HD组茉莉花总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量和必需氨基酸占比均最高,分别为8.32 mg/g、2.67 mg/g和32.09％;醇类在茉莉花干花挥发性成分中相对含量最大,4种干燥方式FD组的茉莉花醇类、酯类和醛类相对含量最高分别为53.37％、5.40％、17.99％;酮类、烷烃类、酸类在HD组中相对含量最高,烯烃类和其他类在MVD组相对含量最高,说明FD组能最大限度的保留茉莉花主要香气物质,而HD组损失最大.综合表明,FD干燥的茉莉花色泽和香气最佳,可开发成高端茉莉花产品;而MVD+HD能较好的保留了茉莉花的香气和营养品质,比较适宜产业化生产,可作为茉莉花一种较理想的干燥方式.

为研究甘蔗梢腐病不同病原菌的致病力差异,利用4份野生菌株(2份Fusarium sacchari、1份F.proliferatum和1份F.andiyazi)与2份诱变菌株(F.sacchari和F.andiyazi的EMS诱变菌株),采用室内离体接种方法对9份甘蔗种质材料进行梢腐病病原菌致病力测定及甘蔗抗性鉴定,根据病斑大小划分抗性等级评价甘蔗的抗性.结果表明,试验的9份材料中,不同甘蔗材料对不同梢腐病病原菌抗性不同,诱变菌株致病力整体上明显变弱,但在个别甘蔗材料上结果相反,说明不同甘蔗品种对病原的不同致病基因响应效果不同.F.andiyazi能够较快识别并侵入甘蔗叶引起发病,CP85-1308对5个不同菌株抗病性最好,F134和CP72-1210材料对3种病原菌均表现为高感.甘蔗分蘖期对梢腐病菌的免疫力较伸长期差、易感染,甘蔗梢腐病的抗性评价较佳时期为分蘖期.

采用克隆文库技术对带叶兜兰根内真菌的ITS片段进行PCR扩增及高通量测序分析,共得到有效序列952589条,共产生1028个OTUs,共涉及6个门、21个纲、46个目、96个科、143个属、217个种及大量未分类种类.其中HJD样点根内真菌种类和数目最多,YM和LY样点根内真菌种类和数目次之,且这两个样点之间无显著区分.

A series of novel indole-1,2,4-triazole derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors. The top hit 12, bearing the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl moiety, exhibited substantial anti-proliferative activity against HepG2, HeLa, MCF-7, and A549 cells in vitro with IC50 values of 0.23 ± 0.08 μM, 0.15 ± 0.18 μM, 0.38 ± 0.12 μM, and 0.30 ± 0.13 μM, respectively. It also inhibited tubulin polymerization with the IC50 value of 2.1 ± 0.12 μM, which was comparable with that of the positive controls. Furthermore, compound 12 regulated the expression of cell cycle-related proteins (Cyclin B1, Cdc25c, and Cdc2) and apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-x, and Mcl-1). Mechanistically, compound 12 could arrest cell cycle at the G2/M phase, thus induce an increase of apoptotic cell death. In addition, molecular docking hinted the possible interaction mode of compound 12 into the colchicine binding site of tubulin heterodimers. According to the applications of microtubule-targeting agents in both direct and synergistic cancer therapies, we hope this work might be of significance for future researches.

AbstractFresh‐cut lettuce has a short shelf‐life due to enzymatic browning and oxidative senescence. The present study investigated effects of polysaccharide‐based edible coatings (alginate, chitosan, and carrageenan) on enzymatic browning and antioxidant defense system of fresh‐cut lettuces during cold storage (4°C) for 15 days. The results showed that three coatings could inhibit enzymatic browning through maintaining total phenolics (TP) content and decreasing polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) activities. These coatings also reduced phospholipase D (PLD) and lipoxygenase (LOX) activities, lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and enhanced antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX) activities. Besides, all coatings positively affected sensory properties of fresh‐cut lettuces after 3 days storage. Additionally, among three coating treatments, chitosan coating had the most positive effects on quality of fresh‐cut lettuce and was the most suitable coating for retarding enzymatic browning and alleviating membrane oxidative damage. These results indicated that polysaccharide‐based edible coatings were helpful to maintain quality, inhibit enzymatic browning, and postpone senescence of fresh‐cut lettuce.

[目的]从分子水平上分析带叶兜兰根内和根区土壤的真菌群落组成,为带叶兜兰的保育和种群恢复提供参考依据.[方法]利用高通量测序技术对带叶兜兰根内和根区土壤真菌的18S rDNA进行扩增测序,分析带叶兜兰根内和根区土壤的真菌群落组成及根内真菌群落组成与根区土壤环境的相关关系.[结果]带叶兜兰根内不同样品间、根区土壤不同样品间真菌的操作分类单元(OTUs)存在差异,但根内的OTUs总数与根区土壤的OTUs总数差异不明显;带叶兜兰的根内真菌群落组成与根区土壤相似,但植株个体间的真菌群落组成存在差异.Alpha多样性分析结果显示,带叶兜兰根内和根区土壤的真菌群落多样性差异较小,真菌群落分化程度较低,丛赤壳科(Nectriaceae)和虫草科(Cordycipitaceae)真菌同为其根内和根区土壤的优势菌群.UPGMA聚类分析结果显示,所有根内和根区土壤的真菌群落均未聚在单独分支,说明根内样品的真菌群落种类和丰度与土壤样品差异较小.在真菌的特异性组成方面,优势菌群镰刀菌属(Fusarium)和虫草属(Cordycipitaceae)在根内和根区土壤中的相对丰度接近,分布较均衡.[结论]带叶兜兰根内与根区土壤的真菌群落具有相似结构,真菌群落的种类间和丰度间差异不明显,但根内与根区土壤共有多数种类的优势菌群.

The present study investigated influences of ultraviolet light C (UV-C; 2 kJ m(-2)) irradiation and high-oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP; 80 % O-2, 10 % CO2 and 10 % N-2) on physiological quality, microbial growth and lignification metabolism of fresh-cut carrots. After 15-d cold storage, comparing with either treatment alone, the combination of UV-C irradiation and high-oxygen MAP (abbr. UV-C + MAP) more obviously inhibited firmness, weight loss, ascorbic acid, total carotenoid and gamma-aminobutyric acid declines, reduced respiration and ethylene production rates as well as delayed bacterial growth. UV-C + MAP more strongly restrained whiteness index, total phenolic, lignin and malondialdehyde increases. Furthermore, UV-C + MAP treatment more efficiently retarded lignin synthesis by suppressing phenolic metabolism-related enzyme (phenylalanine ammonialyase, PAL; polyphenoloxidase, PPO; peroxidase, POD) activities and their gene (DcPAL; DcPPO; DcPOD) expressions. Above results indicated that UV-C + MAP exhibited synergistic effects in retaining physiological quality, delayed senescence process, reducing microbial growth, alleviating lignification degree, and lessened surface whitening. Therefore, UV-C + MAP could maintain overall quality and extend shelf-life during storage of fresh-cut carrots.

该研究以鲜切胡萝卜为对象,采用低温结合气调包装对鲜切胡萝卜进行处理,研究不同保鲜方式对鲜切胡萝卜品质的影响.鲜切胡萝卜经气调(气体组成分别为5％O2+5％CO2+90％N2、5％O2+10％CO2+85％N2、10％O2+5％CO2+85％N2)包装后,(4±1)℃下在保鲜盒中贮藏,每3 d测定感官品质、失重率、可溶性固形物含量、抗坏血酸含量、胡萝卜素含量、菌落总数、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和以及超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性等指标.结果 表明,低温结合5％O2+10％CO2+85％N2气调包装处理组有效地保持了鲜切胡萝卜的品质,减少了水分的流失,延缓了营养物质可溶性固形物、胡萝卜素以及抗坏血酸含量的下降,抑制了MDA含量的增加,提高了抗氧化酶活性,同时延缓了菌落总数的增加.在贮藏15 d后,仍有商品价值和食用价值.结果表明,低温结合5％O2+10％CO2+85％N2气调包装处理可以维持鲜切胡萝卜贮藏品质并延缓采后衰老过程.

Tea saponins from Camellia oleifera Abel. seed pomace are new sources of commercial saponins. This study established an eco-friendly and efficient extraction method for tea saponins from C. oleifera seed pomace. A ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of L-proline, glycerol and sucrose (4:10:1 in molar ratio, abbreviated as PGS-5) achieved the highest extraction yield of tea saponins among all screened DESs. A maximum extraction yield of 23.22 +/- 0.28% was obtained using PGS-5 under the optimized extraction time, DES concentration and liquid-solid ratio. Through ultraviolet, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive HF mass spectroscopy, as well as analyses of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, it was determined that extracted saponins did not altered during processing. Therefore, PGS-5 can serve as a solvent to obtain stable and beneficial tea saponins from C. oleifera seed pomace.

[目的]鉴定和筛选带叶兜兰根段的菌根真菌,为其种群恢复和其他种类野生兜兰的保育提供参考依据.[方法]观察广西带叶兜兰根段的菌丝团结构,并进行组织分离获取真菌菌株,采用形态观察和ITS序列分析相结合的方法对获取的真菌菌株进行鉴定,筛选部分真菌用于开展共生促生作用试验.[结果]用于分离菌根真菌的带叶兜兰根段多数有菌根真菌定殖,共分离到134株真菌,经ITS鉴定84株,分别属于镰刀菌属、炭球菌属和胶膜菌属等8属,其中镰刀菌属为优势菌群.筛选出10株菌株进行共生促生试验,其中,胶膜菌属菌株A-6对带叶兜兰组培苗具有极显著的促生效果(P ＜0.01),镰刀菌属菌株A-8的促生效果次之,胶膜菌属菌株B-2和炭团菌属菌株C-3的促生作用也较大,其余菌株对带叶兜兰组培苗均无显著促生效果(P＞0.05).[结论]带叶兜兰根段多数定植有菌根真菌,其中的镰刀菌属、炭团菌属和胶膜菌属为优势菌属,胶膜菌属菌株A-6对带叶兜兰组培苗的促生效果最佳,镰刀菌属菌株A-8次之,胶膜菌属菌株B-2和炭团菌属菌株C-3的促生效果也较明显,这些菌株可储备为保育和人工栽培带叶兜兰的菌种资源.

茉莉花是中国特色植物资源,富含多糖类、黄酮类等非挥发性成分,具有抗氧化、抗糖尿病、抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗炎等多种功能活性.该文综述茉莉花主要非挥发性成分(多糖类、黄酮类)的制备工艺、化学结构及功能活性,旨在为茉莉花活性成分的理论研究与开发利用提供参考和依据.